1. A brain tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue in the brain or central spine that can disrupt proper brain function. They are classified as either malignant (contain cancer cells) or benign (do not contain cancer cells). 2. Malignant brain tumors grow rapidly, invade surrounding tissue, and can spread throughout the brain or spine. They are treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation but may recur. Benign tumors grow slowly, have clear borders, and typically do not spread if completely removed. 3. Neurological examinations are used in diagnosis to measure nervous system functions and check for abnormalities. Lower grade tumors are less aggressive while higher grade tumors grow more quickly and are more difficult to treat.

1. Name : Abduallah Hashim Sadiq
Group : - B –
College : Medicine – First Stage
Under Supervision : Engineer khaldoun ALJUBURI
I.S.U. OF MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL
SCIENCE COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
1

2. Brain Tumor
2
Braim Tumor

3. What is the brain ?
Brain, the mass of nerve tissue in the anterior end of an organism.
The brain integrates sensory information and directs motor
responses; in higher vertebrates it is also the centre of learning.
The human brain weighs approximately 1.4 kg
(3 pounds) and is made up of billions of cells called neurons.
3
Braim Tumor

4. Introduction
A brain tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue in the brain or
central spine that can disrupt proper brain function. Doctors refer to
a tumor based on where the tumor cells began, and whether they
are cancerous (malignant) or not (benign).
If the tumour cannot be completely removed, there's a risk it could
grow back. In this case it'll be closely monitored using scans or
treated with radiotherapy.
4
Braim Tumor

5. Malignant brain tumors contain cancer cells and often do not
have clear borders. They are considered to be life-threatening
because they grow rapidly and invade surrounding brain tissue.
Although malignant brain tumors very rarely spread to other
areas of the body, they can spread throughout the brain or to
the spine. These tumors can be treated with surgery,
chemotherapy and radiation, but they may recur after treatment.
Malignant5
Braim Tumor

6. Benign the least aggressive type of brain tumor is often called a benign
brain tumor. They originate from cells within or surrounding the brain, do
not contain cancer cells, grow slowly, and typically have clear borders
that do not spread into other tissue.. If these tumors can be removed
entirely, they tend not to return. Still, they can cause significant
neurological symptoms depending on their size, and location near other
structures in the brain. Some benign tumors can progress to become
malignant.
Benign6
Braim Tumor

7. As with all other organs, the tumor is made up of cells in the brain.
Normally, cells grow, grow and aging or die, and new cells are formed
instead of these cells. However, in abnormal cases, when this
formationdestructive activity begins to function differently than
normal, unnecessary cells begin to form, or when the cells formed are
not destroyed in time, the excess cells begin to group so that a
structure called the tumor appears at the organ level. Because not all
tumors can be called cancer, tumors formed in the brain are called
brain tumors.
“The formation of brain cancer”7
Braim Tumor

8. • Generally, there are no known causes of cerebral tumor formation, but the
that some brain tumors (Von-Hippel Lindau) are hereditary (genetics), is
known in the academic world.
• There are some risk factors that underlie brain tumors as follows: sex
tumors are more common in men, meningiomas are more common in
women).
• age (brain tumors are more common in people over the age of 70, and
children under 10 years of age are more likely to have brain tumors at the
cerebellum level), family history (people with relatives who suffer from
glioma, have a higher.
"Causes of brain cancer And the people most
vulnerable to it"
8
Brain Tumor

9. "Neurological Examination"
As part of the diagnostic testing, a doctor will measure nervous
system functions, physical and mental alertness, and include the
examination of normal brain functions from reflexes to judgment,
smell and taste.
If responses are not normal, a brain scan will be ordered, or a
patient will be referred to a neurologist or neurosurgical
oncologist for more tests.
9
Braim Tumor

10. Lower grade tumors (grades I & II) are not very
aggressive and are usually associated with long-term
survival.
Higher grade tumors grow more quickly, can cause
more damage, and are often more difficult to treat.
These are considered malignant or cancerou
10
Braim Tumor

11. Higher-grade tumors are more difficult to remove and require additional
treatments beyond surgery, such as radiation, chemotherapy, or a clinical trial if
one is available. Microscopic tumor cells can remain after surgery and will
eventually grow back. All treatments, therefore, are intended to prolong and
improve life for as long as possible.
"TREATMENT PLANNING FOR HIGH GRADE
TUMORS"
"TREATMENT FOR LOW GRADE TUMORS"
Often, low grade tumors (grade I and II) are treated with watchful monitoring or
surgery alone. Though all tumors are monitored with repeat scans, grade II tumors
are watched more closely after surgery and over time to make sure there is no
recurrence. Try to talk openly about how you’re doing with your family, close
friends, and your employer so that you can make plans with them as you strive to
return to more regular routines and responsibilities.
11
Braim Tumor

12. 12
Braim Tumor