This document provides an overview of basic computer network concepts. It defines a computer network as the interconnection of two or more computers to enable communication and sharing of resources. The key components of a network include computers, cables, network interface cards, switches, and operating systems. Networks provide benefits like sharing of hardware resources, software, data, and connectivity. Some disadvantages are high installation costs and failure risks. Networks can be classified by their geographical area as local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), personal area networks (PANs), campus area networks (CANs), or metropolitan area networks (MANs). They can also be classified by component role as peer-to-peer, client-server, or
A computer network is defined as the interconnection of two or more computers. It is done to enable the computers to communicate and share available resources.
Components of computer network
Network benefits
Disadvantages of computer network
Classification by their geographical area
Network classification by their component role
Types of servers
The document discusses basic concepts of computer networks including definitions, applications, components, benefits, disadvantages, and classifications. It defines a computer network as interconnecting two or more computers to enable communication and sharing of resources. Networks can be classified by their geographical area, such as local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), personal area networks (PANs), campus area networks (CANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs). Networks can also be classified by their component roles, such as peer-to-peer networks and client-server networks. Common network server types include file servers, printer servers, application servers, message servers, and database servers.
#network #types of network
COMPUTER NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS
SLIDE PPT CONSIST OF
definition,its components,advantages,Disadvantages,switching techniques,network architectures, and Types of Networks.
If you are interested in computer networking and more topics related to computers.
Must watch my youtube channel TECHISEASY
A computer network connects two or more computers to allow sharing of resources and communication. It can be a local area network (LAN) spanning a single building, or a wide area network (WAN) across continents. The main components are computers, cables or wireless connections, network cards, and network operating software. Computer networks provide benefits like sharing hardware and software, communication, and accessing data remotely, but also have disadvantages such as high installation costs and potential points of failure. Networks can be organized as peer-to-peer, with each computer sharing directly, or client-server with dedicated server computers providing centralized resources to client computers. Common network types include LANs, WANs, MANs, PANs, and
This document provides an overview of computer networks including their definition, components, benefits, disadvantages, classifications by geography and role. It defines a computer network as interconnecting two or more computers to enable communication and sharing of resources. The key components are computers, cables, network cards, switches and operating systems. Networks are classified by their geographic scale such as personal area networks, local area networks, wide area networks, and metropolitan area networks. They can also be classified by their role as either peer-to-peer networks with equal clients and servers, or client-server networks with dedicated server and client computers.
A computer network connects multiple devices using cables or wireless connections. There are several types of networks including LAN, WAN, MAN, and others. Networks can be configured in different topologies such as bus, star, or ring. Common transmission media for wired networks include twisted pair cables, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cables. Computer networks provide benefits like sharing resources and connectivity but also have disadvantages such as cost and potential single point of failures.
This document provides an overview of advanced networking concepts. It begins with learning objectives around data communication, network devices, protocols, topologies and network types. It then defines key networking components like switches, routers, and firewalls. It discusses different network topologies, media like Ethernet and wireless, and various network types including LAN, WAN, SAN and more. The document is intended to help readers understand fundamental networking concepts.
This document provides an overview of basic computer network concepts. It defines a computer network as the interconnection of two or more computers to enable communication and sharing of resources. The key components of a network include computers, cables, network interface cards, switches, and operating systems. Networks provide benefits like sharing of hardware resources, software, data, and connectivity. Some disadvantages are high installation costs and failure risks. Networks can be classified by their geographical area as local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), personal area networks (PANs), campus area networks (CANs), or metropolitan area networks (MANs). They can also be classified by component role as peer-to-peer, client-server, or
A computer network is defined as the interconnection of two or more computers. It is done to enable the computers to communicate and share available resources.
Components of computer network
Network benefits
Disadvantages of computer network
Classification by their geographical area
Network classification by their component role
Types of servers
The document discusses basic concepts of computer networks including definitions, applications, components, benefits, disadvantages, and classifications. It defines a computer network as interconnecting two or more computers to enable communication and sharing of resources. Networks can be classified by their geographical area, such as local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), personal area networks (PANs), campus area networks (CANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs). Networks can also be classified by their component roles, such as peer-to-peer networks and client-server networks. Common network server types include file servers, printer servers, application servers, message servers, and database servers.
#network #types of network
COMPUTER NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS
SLIDE PPT CONSIST OF
definition,its components,advantages,Disadvantages,switching techniques,network architectures, and Types of Networks.
If you are interested in computer networking and more topics related to computers.
Must watch my youtube channel TECHISEASY
A computer network connects two or more computers to allow sharing of resources and communication. It can be a local area network (LAN) spanning a single building, or a wide area network (WAN) across continents. The main components are computers, cables or wireless connections, network cards, and network operating software. Computer networks provide benefits like sharing hardware and software, communication, and accessing data remotely, but also have disadvantages such as high installation costs and potential points of failure. Networks can be organized as peer-to-peer, with each computer sharing directly, or client-server with dedicated server computers providing centralized resources to client computers. Common network types include LANs, WANs, MANs, PANs, and
This document provides an overview of computer networks including their definition, components, benefits, disadvantages, classifications by geography and role. It defines a computer network as interconnecting two or more computers to enable communication and sharing of resources. The key components are computers, cables, network cards, switches and operating systems. Networks are classified by their geographic scale such as personal area networks, local area networks, wide area networks, and metropolitan area networks. They can also be classified by their role as either peer-to-peer networks with equal clients and servers, or client-server networks with dedicated server and client computers.
A computer network connects multiple devices using cables or wireless connections. There are several types of networks including LAN, WAN, MAN, and others. Networks can be configured in different topologies such as bus, star, or ring. Common transmission media for wired networks include twisted pair cables, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cables. Computer networks provide benefits like sharing resources and connectivity but also have disadvantages such as cost and potential single point of failures.
This document provides an overview of advanced networking concepts. It begins with learning objectives around data communication, network devices, protocols, topologies and network types. It then defines key networking components like switches, routers, and firewalls. It discusses different network topologies, media like Ethernet and wireless, and various network types including LAN, WAN, SAN and more. The document is intended to help readers understand fundamental networking concepts.
Computer networks allow for the sharing of resources and communication between connected computers. There are several types of networks classified by their geographic reach: local area networks (LANs) cover a small physical area like a home or office; metropolitan area networks (MANs) span an entire city; and wide area networks (WANs) connect computers over long distances ranging from cities to countries. Networks can also be classified by their component roles, including peer-to-peer networks where each computer shares resources directly and client-server networks where some computers act as centralized servers providing resources to other client computers.
The document defines and discusses different types of computer networks. It begins by defining a computer network as an interconnection of two or more computers that allows them to communicate and share resources. It then discusses the basic components of a network like computers, cables, network cards, and software. The document classifies networks based on their geographical area into local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), personal area networks (PANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs). It provides examples of each type of network and how they differ based on their size and connection method.
This document defines and discusses different types of computer networks. It begins by defining a computer network as an interconnection of two or more computers that allows them to communicate and share resources. It then lists some common applications of computer networks such as sharing printers, software, databases, exchanging data and information, and sharing information over large geographic areas. The rest of the document discusses and compares different types of computer networks including personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and campus area networks (CANs). It also covers the components, benefits, and classifications of computer networks based on geography.
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts. It defines a network as any collection of independent computers that communicate over a shared medium. The key types of networks discussed are LANs (local area networks connecting devices within a short distance), MANs (metropolitan area networks spanning a city), and WANs (wide area networks extending long distances using various communication lines). The document also outlines common networking devices, terminologies, and the needs and advantages that networks provide for resource sharing, communication, and accessing remote databases.
This document provides an overview of basic computer network concepts. It defines a computer network as interconnecting two or more computers to enable communication and sharing of resources. It describes common network applications like sharing printers, software, databases and exchanging information. It also outlines components of a network like servers, workstations, network interface cards, hubs and transmission channels. Additionally, it discusses different types of networks including LAN, WAN and MAN and various network topologies such as bus, star and ring configurations.
A computer network connects multiple computers and devices to allow sharing of resources and communication between users. The two main types of networks are local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). A LAN connects computers within a small geographic area like a home, office, or school building using cables or wireless technology. A WAN connects larger geographic areas like cities, countries, or the entire world using technologies like cables, satellites, or cellular networks. Computers can connect to networks using physical cables like twisted pair or fiber optic cables, or wirelessly using technologies like WiFi, Bluetooth, or cellular networks. Setting up a network provides benefits like faster file sharing, lower software costs, centralized management, and access to
The document discusses computer networks and networking concepts. It defines what a network is and explains the need for networking. It describes the components of a network including nodes, servers, network interface units. It covers the evolution of networks from ARPANET to the internet. It discusses different types of networks including LAN, MAN, WAN and their characteristics. It also covers topics like communication media, switching techniques, wireless networking and networking terms.
This document provides an overview of computer networks. It defines what a network is and discusses the need for networking. It describes the key components of a network including nodes, servers, network interface units. It also covers the evolution of networks from ARPANET to the modern Internet. It defines different types of networks including LANs, MANs, and WANs. Finally, it discusses various networking topics such as transmission media, switching techniques, wireless networks and common terminology.
This document provides an overview of computer networks. It begins by discussing how computer networks have changed daily life through services like watching cable TV, using ATMs, emailing, and more. A network is defined as two or more connected autonomous computers. The goals of networking are sharing resources, improved communication, and reduced communication costs. Networks have senders, receivers, messages, transmission mediums, and protocols. Early networks included ARPANET and NSFNET. The internet evolved from these and allows globally connected services. Network topologies like star, bus, and types of devices like hubs, switches, and routers are also summarized.
Networks and telecommunication technologies basicsDavid Kibuki
The document provides an overview of network and telecommunication technologies. It discusses how networks have evolved from single-user PCs to complex multi-user systems connecting organizations. The main types of networks covered include local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), wireless networks, metropolitan area networks (MANs), and personal area networks (PANs). The document also describes common network structures like server-based, client/server, and peer-to-peer networks. Finally, it discusses popular network topologies such as bus, star, tree and mesh configurations.
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts. It discusses the components of a computer network including nodes, communication protocols, networking devices, network media, and common network types. It describes Local Area Networks (LANs), Wide Area Networks (WANs), and other network architectures. The document also outlines networking fundamentals such as the TCP/IP protocol suite, Ethernet, wireless networks, and network threats.
This document provides an overview of computer networks and networking. It defines what a computer network is and discusses the need for networking in terms of file sharing, hardware sharing, application sharing, and user communication. It then covers different types of networks including personal area networks, storage area networks, system area networks, local area networks, metropolitan area networks, and wide area networks. Finally, it discusses wireless networking technologies and applications of computer networks.
This document provides an introduction to basic computer network concepts. It defines what a computer network is and describes different types of networks including LAN, MAN, WAN, PAN and CAN. It explains the differences between these networks in terms of geographical area covered, ownership, design/maintenance and communication medium used. The document also discusses network topologies like bus, star, ring and mesh. It describes common network devices, applications of networks for resource and information sharing, and different types of servers in a client-server network model.
This document provides a summary of general approaches to communication within a network, classifications of networks, and modern networking technologies. It discusses peer-to-peer and client-server models, defines local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). It also outlines current technologies including software defined networking, multi-cloud, edge computing, the internet of things, artificial intelligence, and 5G networks.
A computer network allows interconnected devices to share resources and exchange information. It connects two or more computers or devices together using cables or wireless technology and follows a set of rules called protocols. Devices on a network can share data, software, printers and other resources regardless of their physical location. This reduces costs while improving communication and reliability of data storage.
We are living in the smart era of the Internet.
It is achieved through development in data communication, telecommunication and networking.
Collaboration between networking and telecommunication gave birth to the Internet.
Here is a presention about networking and telecommunication.
Computer networks allow for the sharing of resources and communication between connected computers. There are several types of networks classified by their geographic reach: local area networks (LANs) cover a small physical area like a home or office; metropolitan area networks (MANs) span an entire city; and wide area networks (WANs) connect computers over long distances ranging from cities to countries. Networks can also be classified by their component roles, including peer-to-peer networks where each computer shares resources directly and client-server networks where some computers act as centralized servers providing resources to other client computers.
The document defines and discusses different types of computer networks. It begins by defining a computer network as an interconnection of two or more computers that allows them to communicate and share resources. It then discusses the basic components of a network like computers, cables, network cards, and software. The document classifies networks based on their geographical area into local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), personal area networks (PANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs). It provides examples of each type of network and how they differ based on their size and connection method.
This document defines and discusses different types of computer networks. It begins by defining a computer network as an interconnection of two or more computers that allows them to communicate and share resources. It then lists some common applications of computer networks such as sharing printers, software, databases, exchanging data and information, and sharing information over large geographic areas. The rest of the document discusses and compares different types of computer networks including personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and campus area networks (CANs). It also covers the components, benefits, and classifications of computer networks based on geography.
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts. It defines a network as any collection of independent computers that communicate over a shared medium. The key types of networks discussed are LANs (local area networks connecting devices within a short distance), MANs (metropolitan area networks spanning a city), and WANs (wide area networks extending long distances using various communication lines). The document also outlines common networking devices, terminologies, and the needs and advantages that networks provide for resource sharing, communication, and accessing remote databases.
This document provides an overview of basic computer network concepts. It defines a computer network as interconnecting two or more computers to enable communication and sharing of resources. It describes common network applications like sharing printers, software, databases and exchanging information. It also outlines components of a network like servers, workstations, network interface cards, hubs and transmission channels. Additionally, it discusses different types of networks including LAN, WAN and MAN and various network topologies such as bus, star and ring configurations.
A computer network connects multiple computers and devices to allow sharing of resources and communication between users. The two main types of networks are local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). A LAN connects computers within a small geographic area like a home, office, or school building using cables or wireless technology. A WAN connects larger geographic areas like cities, countries, or the entire world using technologies like cables, satellites, or cellular networks. Computers can connect to networks using physical cables like twisted pair or fiber optic cables, or wirelessly using technologies like WiFi, Bluetooth, or cellular networks. Setting up a network provides benefits like faster file sharing, lower software costs, centralized management, and access to
The document discusses computer networks and networking concepts. It defines what a network is and explains the need for networking. It describes the components of a network including nodes, servers, network interface units. It covers the evolution of networks from ARPANET to the internet. It discusses different types of networks including LAN, MAN, WAN and their characteristics. It also covers topics like communication media, switching techniques, wireless networking and networking terms.
This document provides an overview of computer networks. It defines what a network is and discusses the need for networking. It describes the key components of a network including nodes, servers, network interface units. It also covers the evolution of networks from ARPANET to the modern Internet. It defines different types of networks including LANs, MANs, and WANs. Finally, it discusses various networking topics such as transmission media, switching techniques, wireless networks and common terminology.
This document provides an overview of computer networks. It begins by discussing how computer networks have changed daily life through services like watching cable TV, using ATMs, emailing, and more. A network is defined as two or more connected autonomous computers. The goals of networking are sharing resources, improved communication, and reduced communication costs. Networks have senders, receivers, messages, transmission mediums, and protocols. Early networks included ARPANET and NSFNET. The internet evolved from these and allows globally connected services. Network topologies like star, bus, and types of devices like hubs, switches, and routers are also summarized.
Networks and telecommunication technologies basicsDavid Kibuki
The document provides an overview of network and telecommunication technologies. It discusses how networks have evolved from single-user PCs to complex multi-user systems connecting organizations. The main types of networks covered include local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), wireless networks, metropolitan area networks (MANs), and personal area networks (PANs). The document also describes common network structures like server-based, client/server, and peer-to-peer networks. Finally, it discusses popular network topologies such as bus, star, tree and mesh configurations.
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts. It discusses the components of a computer network including nodes, communication protocols, networking devices, network media, and common network types. It describes Local Area Networks (LANs), Wide Area Networks (WANs), and other network architectures. The document also outlines networking fundamentals such as the TCP/IP protocol suite, Ethernet, wireless networks, and network threats.
This document provides an overview of computer networks and networking. It defines what a computer network is and discusses the need for networking in terms of file sharing, hardware sharing, application sharing, and user communication. It then covers different types of networks including personal area networks, storage area networks, system area networks, local area networks, metropolitan area networks, and wide area networks. Finally, it discusses wireless networking technologies and applications of computer networks.
This document provides an introduction to basic computer network concepts. It defines what a computer network is and describes different types of networks including LAN, MAN, WAN, PAN and CAN. It explains the differences between these networks in terms of geographical area covered, ownership, design/maintenance and communication medium used. The document also discusses network topologies like bus, star, ring and mesh. It describes common network devices, applications of networks for resource and information sharing, and different types of servers in a client-server network model.
This document provides a summary of general approaches to communication within a network, classifications of networks, and modern networking technologies. It discusses peer-to-peer and client-server models, defines local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). It also outlines current technologies including software defined networking, multi-cloud, edge computing, the internet of things, artificial intelligence, and 5G networks.
A computer network allows interconnected devices to share resources and exchange information. It connects two or more computers or devices together using cables or wireless technology and follows a set of rules called protocols. Devices on a network can share data, software, printers and other resources regardless of their physical location. This reduces costs while improving communication and reliability of data storage.
We are living in the smart era of the Internet.
It is achieved through development in data communication, telecommunication and networking.
Collaboration between networking and telecommunication gave birth to the Internet.
Here is a presention about networking and telecommunication.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
2. DEFINTION & APPLICATIONS
DEFINTION:
A computer network isdefined asthe interconnection
of two or more computers. It isdone to enable the
computers to communicate and share available
resources.
APPLICATIONS:
i. Sharing of resources such as printers
ii. Sharing of expensive software's and database
iii. Communication from one computer to another
computer
iv. Exchange of data and information among usersvia
network
v. Sharing of information over geographically wide areas.
3. THE USEOF
COMPUTER NETWORK
BusinessApplications
🞑 online buying
Home Applications
🞑 mail, chat
Mobile Users
🞑 wireless: laptops, PDA, mobile, in plane
Social Issues
5. THE USEOF
COMPUTER NETWORK
•Sharing hardware or software
• E.g. print document
•Centralize administration and support
• E.g. Internet-based, soeveryone can acces
sthe same administrative or
support application from their PCs
6. COMPONENTS OF
COMPUTER NETWORK
Two or more computers
Cables as links between the computers
A network interfacing card(NIC) on each
computer
Switches
Software called operating s
ystem(OS)
7. NETWORK BENEFITS
The network provided to the users can be
divided into two categories:
i. Sharing
ii. Connectivity
8. SHARING RESOURCES
Types of resourcesare:
1. Hardware:A network allowsusersto share
many hardware devices suchas printers,
modems,fax machines, CD ROM, players, etc.
2. Software: sharing software resources reduces
the costof software installation, saves space on
hard disk.
9. OTHER BENEFITS OF COMPUTER
NETWORK
o Increased speed
o Reduced cost
o Improved security
o Centralized software managements
o Electronic mail
o Flexible access
10. DISDAVATAGESOF NETWORKS
o High cost of installation
o Requires time for administration
o Failure of server
o Cable faults
12. LOCAL AREA NETWORK(LAN)
LAN isa network which isdesigned to operate
over a small physical area suchas an office,
factory or a group of buildings.
LAN’s are easy to design and troubleshoot
Exchange of information and sharing of resources
becomes easy because of LAN.
In LAN all machinesare connected to a single
cable.
Different types of topologies such as star, tree,
bus, ring, etc Can be used
It isusually a privately owned network.
13. WIDE AREA NETWORK(WAN)
When network spans over a large distance or
when the computers to be connected to each other
are at widely separated locations a local area
network cannot be used. A wide area
network(WAN) isinstalled.
The communication between different users of
WAN isestablished using leased telephone lines,
satellite links and similar channels.
It ischeaper and more efficient to use the phone
network for the link.
Most WAN networks are used to transfer large
blocks of data between its users.
14. PERSONAL AREA NETWORK(PAN)
A personal area network isa computer network
organized around an individual person.
It generally consistsof a mobile computer, a cell
phone or personal digital assistant. PAN enables
the communication among thesedevices.
It can also be used for communication among
personal devicesthemselves for connecting to a
digital level network and internet.
The PANs can be constructed using wireless or
cables.
15. CAMPUS AREA NETWORK(CAN)
The campus area network ismade up of an
interconnection of LAN with limited
geographical area.
Network equipments suchasswitches,routers
and the transmission media i.e. optical fibre
etc are almost entirely owned by the campus
owner.
16. METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK(MAN)
It isin between LAN & WAN technology that
coversthe entire city.
It usessimilar technology as LAN.
It can be a single network suchas cable TV
network, or a measure of connecting a
number of LAN’s o a large network so that
resourcescan be shared LAN to LAN aswell as
device to device.
18. PARAMETERS LAN WAN MAN
Ownership of
network
Private Private or public Private or public
Geographic
al area
covered
Small Very large Moderate
Design and
maintenanc
e
Easy Not easy Not easy
Communicatio
n medium
Coaxial cable
PSTN or
satellite
links
Coaxial
cables,
PSTN, optical
fibre, cables,
wireless
Bandwidth Low High moderate
Data
DISTINGUISH BETWEEN LAN,WAN,MAN
19. NETWORK CLASSIFICATION BY THEIR
COMPONENT ROLE
LOCALAREA NETWORK
PEER TO PEER NETWORK CLIENT SERVER NETWORK
20. PEER TO PEER NETWORK
In peer to peer network each computer isresponsible for
making its own resourcesavailable to other computers on the
network.
Each computer is responsible for s
etting up and maintaining
itsown security for these resources.
Also each computer is responsible for accessing the required
network resources from peer to peer relationships.
Peer to peer network isuseful for a small network containing
lessthan 1
0 computers on a single LAN .
In peer to peer network each computer can function as both
client and server.
Peer to peer networks do not have a central control system.
There are no servers in peer networks.
Peer networks are amplified into home group.
21. ADVANTAGES&
DISADVANTAGESOF PEER TO
PEER NETWORK
Advantages:
Useles
sexpensive
computer hardware
Easy to administer
No NOS required
More built in redundancy
Easy setup & low cost
Disadvantages:
Not very secure
No central point of
storage or file archiving
Additional load on
computer becauseof
resource sharing
Hard to maintain
version control
22.
23. CLIENT/SERVER NETWORK
In client-server network relationships, certain computers act
as server and other act as clients. A server issimply a
computer, that available the network resources and provides
service to other computers when they request it. A client is
the computer running a program that requeststhe service
from a server.
Local area network(LAN) is based on client server network
relationship.
A client-server network isone n which all available network
resourcessuchasfiles, directories, applications and shared
devices, are centrally managed and hosted and then are
accessedby client.
Client serve network are defined by the presence of servers on
a network that provide security and administration of the
network.
24. ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF CLIENT-
SERVER NETWORK
Advantages:
Very secure
Better performance
Centralized backup
very reliable
Disadvantages:
requires
professional
administration
More hardware-
intensive
More software
intensive
Expensive dedicated
software
26. TYPESOF SERVERS
File server: Theseservers provide the servicesfor storing,
retrieving and moving the data. A usercan read, write,
exchange and manage the files with the help of file servers.
Printer server: The printer server is used for controlling and
managing printing on the network. It alsooffers the fax
service to the network users.
Application server: The expensive software and additional
computing power can be shared by the computers in a
network with he help of application servers.
Message server: It isused to co-ordinate the interaction
between users, documents and applications. The data can be
used in the for of audio, video, binary, text or graphics.
Database server: It is a type of application server. It allows
the usesto accessthe centralised strong database.
27. TRANMISSION MEDIA
Two main categories:
🞑 Guided ― wires, cables
🞑 Unguided ― wireless transmission, e.g. radio,
microwave, infrared, sound, sonar
We will concentrate on guided media here:
🞑 Twisted-Pair cables:
Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP) cables
Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP) cables
🞑 Coaxial cables
🞑 Fiber-optic cables
28. TRANMISSION MEDIA
Twisted-Pair Cables
If the pair of wires are not twisted, electromagnetic
noises from, e.g., motors, will affect the closer wire more
than the further one, thereby causing errors
29. TRANMISSION MEDIA
Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP)
Typically wrapped inside a plastic cover (for mechanical
protection)
Asample UTPcable with 5 unshielded twisted pairs of wires
Metal
Insulator
30. TRANMISSION MEDIA
Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP)
STPcables are similar to UTP cables, except there is a
metal foil or braided-metal-mesh cover that encases
each pair of insulated wires
31. TRANMISSION MEDIA
Coaxial Cables
In general, coaxial cables, or coax, carry signals of higher
freq (100KHz– 500MHz) than UTP cables
Outer metallic wrapping serves both as a shield against
noise and as the second conductor that completes the
circuit
32. TRANMISSION MEDIA
Fiber-Optic Cables
Light travels at 3108 ms-1in free space and isthe fastest
possible speed in the Universe
Light slowsdown in denser media, e.g. glass
Refraction occursat interface, with light bending away
from the normal when it enters a lessdense medium
Beyond the critical angle total internal reflection
33. TRANMISSION MEDIA
Fiber-Optic Cables
An optical fiber consists of a core (denser material) and a
cladding (less densematerial)
Simplest one isa multimode step-index optical fiber
Multimode =multiple paths, whereas step-index =
refractive index followsa step-function profile (i.e. an
abrupt change of refractive index between the core and
the cladding)
Light bouncesback and forth along the core
Common light sources: LEDsand lasers
35. TOPOLOGY
• Bus Topology
• Simple and low-cost
• A single cable called a trunk (backbone, segment)
• Only one computer can send messages at a time
• Passive topology - computer only listen for, not regenerate data
• Star Topology
• Each computer has a cable connected to a single point
• More cabling, hence higher cost
• All signals transmission through the hub; if down, entire network down
• Depending on the intelligence of hub, two or more computers may send
message at the same time
36. TOPOLOGY
• Ring Topology
• Every computer serves as a repeater to boost signals
• Typical way to send data:
• Token pas
s
ing
• only the computer who getsthe token can send data
• Disadvantages
• Difficult to add computers
• More expensive
• If one computer fails, whole network fails