The lecture introduces fundamental concepts of computers, including their capabilities in processing data through arithmetic and logical operations. It outlines the evolution of computer generations from vacuum tubes to silicon chips and discusses various types of computers and classifications based on users. The importance of speed, accuracy, and storage in enhancing computer power is highlighted, along with the significance of data and information processing.

1. Lecture No.1: Introduction to Computer
Lecturer: Dr. Mazin Alkathiri
Department of Computer Science,
Faculty of Applied Science,
Seiyun University
September , 2023

2.  Marks calculates as bellow:
 First Month exam 15
 Second Month exam 15
 Total 30
 Final Exam 70
 Final Result (Mark) 100
Good luck all of you

3.  A computer is an electronic device
capable of performing arithmetic and
logical operations able to process data
to information
Arithmetic operations involve the general
mathematical calculations like addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division.
Logical operations involve comparisions like > < =
etc.

4.  DATA is described as some raw facts, figures
and symbols, such as numbers, words,
images, video and sound, given to the
computer during the input phase.
 For example : MARKS in individual subjects
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 INFORMATION is a manipulated data to
create information which help us in decision
making. Generally information is the result of data
processing.
 For example : PERCENTAGE & GRADE

5. ‫التأهيل‬ ‫و‬ ‫للتدريب‬ ‫النجاح‬ ‫معهد‬
-
‫حضرموت‬
/
‫تــ‬ ‫القطن‬
459843/712638036
How does a computer work?
INPUT DATA: consists of DATA & INSTRUCTION
PROCESSING: is a set of instructions stored in
the computer to carry out the instructions
given by the user.
OUTPUT INFORMATION: is the set of results
generated after processing the Input.

6. There are five computer generations known till date

7.  Big size
 Consumes energy
 Small memory
 Used machine language
 One Operation at a time.
 punched cards and paper
tape, and output was
displayed on printouts.
 Slow

9.  Small size than Vacuum Tubes ( 200
transistor = 1 vacuum tube)
 more energy-efficient
 faster
 Cheaper.
 Smaller.
 Use of magnetic rings in the installation
of memory, and the emergence of hard
drives.
 cryptic binary machine language to
symbolic, or assembly, languages
 early versions of COBOL and FORTRAN

11. 1. Its components can
not be separated
2. Can’t be fixed.
 Lightweight
 increased the speed and
efficiency of computers
 Small size and volume.
 Low cost
 Minicomputer .
 Multiprocessors
 placed on silicon chips,
called semiconductors
 operating system= many tasks
at a time.
 Input & output Device

13.  High speed
 Pc in 1981( IBM 1981 and
Apple Macintosh)
 Developed an program,
Operating System and real
time Systems
 floppy magnetic disks
 GUI
 Networks & internet 1992.

15.  Operators use visual input and
learn from its own experiences.
 Parallel processing and
superconductors
 Quantum computation and
nanotechnology will change the
face of computers in years to
come
 Big data application was
developed

16.  1. Vacuum Tubes (1950s) - one bit on the size of a
thumb;
 2. Transistors (1950s and 1960s) - one bit on the
size of a fingernail;
 3. Integrated Circuits (1960s and 70s) - thousands of
bits on the size of a hand
 4. Silicon computer chips (1970s and on) - millions of
bits on the size of a finger nail.

17. a) Analog Computer.
b) Digital Computer.
c) Hybrid Computer.
WORKING METHOD:
Classifications of Computer
Divided to 3 kinds base on:

18. No Name Descriptions
1- Personal
computer
A small, single-user computer based on a
microprocessor.
2-
workstation
It is like a personal computer, but it has a
more powerful processor and a higher-quality
monitor.
3-
minicomputer
A multi-user computer capable of supporting
of 10 to hundreds users at the same time
4-
mainframe
A powerful multi-user computer capable of
supporting many thousands of users
simultaneously
5-
supercomputer
Extremely fast that can perform millions of
instructions per second
Computers classification

19. No Name Descriptions
1- LAPTOP is a battery or AC-powered personal
computer that can be easily carried and used
in a variety of locations.
2- Notebook It is a type of laptop that is designed to be
even more portable. they provide enough
power for email and internet access.
3- Mobile Device A mobile device is basically any handheld
computer. It is designed to be extremely
portable
4- Tablet Computers the entire screen is touch-sensitive, allowing
you to type on a virtual keyboard and use
your finger as a mouse pointer.
5- Smartphones a powerful mobile phone that is designed to
run a variety of applications in addition to
phone service.
Laptop and Smartphone Computers

20. Why Is A Computer So Powerful?
SPEED
STORAGE
ACCURACY
AUTOMATION
NETWORKS
ECONOMIC

21. SPEED
The speed with which the computer works can
be understood by the units of measurement of
time within a computer. They are :
MILLI SECOND – 1/1000TH OF A SECOND
MICRO SECOND – 1/1000TH OF A MILLI SECOND
NANO SECOND – 1/1000TH OF A MICRO SECOND
PICO SECOND – 1/1000TH OF A NANO SECOND