The document provides an overview of computer graphics and animation, including concepts such as 2D and 3D transformations, clipping methods, visible surface determination, and various applications like user interfaces and entertainment. It also discusses color models like RGB and HSV, animation principles, and the definition of virtual reality. The content aims to educate about the fundamentals and hardware associated with computer graphics.

1. Computer Graphics
and Animation
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Er. Shreeraj Khatiwada, MSc
Pokhara University, Nepal
2/27/2024
Computer Graphics and Animation

2. Objectives
• will take a brief overview of:
❖ Basics of computer graphics
❖ 2D and 3D transformation
❖ Clipping of line and polygon
❖ Different method of visible surface determination
❖ Animation and Virtual Reality
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3. Computer Graphics
• Greek word “graphikos” – “something written”
• Refers to the creation, storage and manipulation of pictures and
drawings using digital computers
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4. Computer Graphics
Interactive computer graphics:
• a subfield of computer graphics which focuses on the generation
of images and animations at interactive frame rates.
• Two-way communication between computer and user
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5. Computer Graphics
Non-Interactive Computer Graphics:
• only one-way communication between the computer and the
user,
• User can see the produced image, and he cannot make any
change in the image.
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6. Application of Computer Graphics
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User interfaces

7. Application of Computer Graphics
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Plotting

8. Application of Computer Graphics
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Office automation and electronic publishing

9. Application of Computer Graphics
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Computer-Aided drafting and design

10. Application of Computer Graphics
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Simulation

11. Application of Computer Graphics
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Entertainment

12. Application of Computer Graphics
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Art Cartography
Presentation Graphics

13. hardware
Computer Hardware:
• Physical components of a computer i.e. tangible parts
• Graphics hardware is computer hardware that generates computer graphics
and allows them to be shown on a display
Input Devices
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14. 14

15. Hardware
• Output Devices:
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16. Unit-02 2D transformation
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2D Reflection

17. 2D transformation
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2D Rotation

18. 2D transformation
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2D Scaling

19. 3D transformation
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20. Window to viewport transformation
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21. clipping
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Line Clipping Polygon Clipping

22. Visible Surface Determination Algorithm
• Z-Buffer Algorithm
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23. Visible Surface Determination Algorithm
• Painter’s / Depth-sort Algorithm
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24. Color Model: RGB
• Widely used color representation method in computer
graphics.
• It uses a color coordinate system with three primary
colors:
• R (Red)
• G (Green)
• B (Blue)
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25. Color Model: RGB
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• In this, colors are represented by a cube.
• The Origin (0,0,0) represents black and the diagonally opposite vertex (1,1,1) is
White.
• The diagonal line connecting black and white corresponds to all the gray colors
between black and white, which is also known as gray axis.

26. Color Model: HSV
• Every color is represented by three components Hue (H): color
portion, Saturation (S): amount of gray and Value (V):
brightness or intensity.
• HSV color model may be depicted as a cone or a cylinder.
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27. animation
• Derived from Latin word “anima” means “act, process or result
of imparting life, interest, spirit, motion, or activity”.
• “to any time sequence of visual changes in a picture” or
• "the process of creating an illusion of motion and shape change by means of
rapid display of various types of pictures that were made to create a single
scene."
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28. Principles of animation
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29. Virtual reality
• Virtual reality is a simulated 3D environment that enables users
to explore and interact with a virtual surrounding in a way that
approximates reality, as it is perceived through the users' senses.
• The environment is created with computer hardware and
software, although users might also need to wear devices such
as helmets or goggles to interact with the environment.
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30. Virtual reality
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31. THANK YOU!!!
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