A computer is a programmable machine that can perform calculations and execute a list of instructions. It consists of hardware, software, and peripheral devices. A computer accepts data as input, processes it, produces output, and stores results. It operates at incredible speeds, can reliably store enormous amounts of data, and allows people to communicate and share information globally. Software provides the instructions that tell the computer what to do and comes in two main types: system software like the operating system that runs the computer, and applications software for tasks like word processing.

1. COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS
UNIT - V
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2. What Is a Computer?
Computer : Latin word Compute which means calculation
A computer is a programmable machine with two principal characteristics:
a. It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner.
b. It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program).
A computer system includes a computer, peripheral devices and software
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3. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS
FUNCTIONS
a. Accepts data Input
b. Processes data Processing
c. Produces output Out put
d. Stores results Storage
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4. o Input (Data): is the raw information entered into a computer from the
input devices. It is the collection of letters, numbers, images etc.
o Process: is the operation of data as per given instruction. It is totally
internal process of the computer system.
o Output: is the processed data given by computer after data
processing. Output is also called as Result. We can save these results
in the storage devices for the future use.
o Storage: is the area where data can be left on a permanent basis.
FUNCTIONS
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5. Elements of A Computer
1. People: They run and operate the computer.
2. Procedure: are normally written in manuals of hardware and
software manufacturers.
3. Software: is to do process data into useful information for people.
4. Hardware: the physical equipment that you can feel and touch.
5. Data: include texts and numbers, sounds, images, and videos that
you input into the computer for processing.
6. Connectivity:
- a computer must be connected to other computers especially
through the internet.
- using the internet, people can share and access data from all
over the world.
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6. Capabilities of Computers
1. Speed:
computer operates on data and commands at incredibly
fast speed.
2. Storage:
computer can store enormous amount of data and
information in its memory.
3. Reliability:
computers made of modern technology rarely breakdown
and when they do, they are easily repaired.
4. Consistent:
if you input the same data into the computer using the
same program, it will give you the same result all the time.
5. Communicate:
people can connect with others by the use of computers.
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7. -Software are sets of instructions that tell the computer what
to do to fulfill its task
-Software exists as ideas, concepts, and symbols, but it has
no substance..
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8. Kinds of Software
System Software:
- are programs that the computer uses.
-is a collection of programs which includes the operating system, utilities and
drivers.
Operating System: is a program that is basically responsible for the
coordination, management and sharing of hardware resources and tasks in
the computer.
Utility Software : is a program that performs maintenance tasks for the
computer resources, such as clean up and organizing files and programs so
they would load and work faster.
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9. Kinds of Software
o Device Driver : is a program that allows a particular hardware device
to work and with the computer system.
o Applications Software : are the programs that people use for their
day to day tasks on the computer
o Basic application software : includes word processor, spreadsheet,
database and presentation software.
o Specialized application software : includes software for graphics,
multimedia, audio, video, web designing and many other app. that
focus on a certain discipline or profession.
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10. COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
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