This document provides an introduction to computers and information technology. It defines key concepts like information, technology, communication technology, software, hardware, input devices, output devices, and types of computers. Software is divided into system software and application software. Hardware components include the system unit, storage devices, input devices like the keyboard and mouse, and output devices like monitors and printers. The document also includes exercises with questions about the differences between IT and ICT, information systems, data vs. information, computer components, and types of computers.

1. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
Instructor : Khairunnisa Jamaluddin
E-mail : knisa.jamaluddin@usim.edu.my
Telephone : 06-7986665, Office : PTD A2-011

2. INFORMATION
Conveys meaning and is useful to people
Technology is the usage and knowledge of tools,
techniques, systems or methods of organization in
order to solve a problem
COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY
Process in which two or more computers or devices
transfer data, instructions and information.
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http://jobsearchtech.about.com/od/careersintechnology/p/ITDefinition.htm

3. SOFTWARE
Software refers to a set of
instructions that tells the computer
on what to do.
These instruction sets also called
programs which provide a means for
us to interact with and use the
computer, all without computer
programming skills.
Computer has two basic types of
software :
1. System software
2. Application software
System Software
• A collection of programs
• Enables the application software to interact with
the hardware
• Background software that helps the computer
manage its own resources
Application Software
• “End-user” software where you use them to do
tasks at home, school and work.
• Two major categories
 General purpose
(writing letters, sending e-mail, balancing a
budget, creating presentations)
 Special purpose
(editing photos, specialized business,
computer-aided design)

4. Hardware is the electronic,
and mechanical components of
a computer that you can
physically touch.
All hardware on the computer
helps the computer to perform
its various tasks.
These components include :
1. Input devices
2. Output devices
3. A system Unit
4. Storage Devices
5. Communication Devices
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5. Input Devices is any hardware
component that allows you to enter data
(text , images , sounds) and instructions
(user responses , commands) into a
computer.
Six widely used input devices are the :
1. Keyboard
2. Mouse
3. Microphone
4. Scanner
5. Digital camera
6. PC video camera (Web Cam)
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6. Output Devices is any hardware
component that conveys information to
one, or more people. They enable you to
send processed data out of your
computer. This can take the form of text,
pictures (graphics), sounds (audio), and
video.
Three commonly used output devices :
1. Printer
2. Monitor (display screen)
3. Speakers
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7. Printer produces text and graphics on a
physical medium such as paper.
Monitor displays text, graphics, and
videos on screen.
Speakers allow you to hear music, voice
and other audio (sounds).
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8. Supercomputers
Mainframe
Minicomputer
Microcomputer
1964 by Seymour Cray at
Control Data Corporation
(CDC), US
1965 by DEC (Digital
Equipment Corporation)
1975: Ed Roberts
invented Altair 8800
1946 by J. Presper
Eckert & John
Mauchly , US
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9. EXERCISE
1. What is the difference between IT and ICT ?
 IT is the use of computers and software to
manage information.
 ICT is the use of telecommunication
technology to provide access to information.
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10. EXERCISE
2. What is information system
An information System (IS) is a collection of
• hardware
• software,
• data,
• people and
• procedures
• connectivity
- that work together to produce quality
information.
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11. EXERCISE
3. List two (2) types of software
 System Software – enables the hardware to
interact with application software.
 Application Software - “End-user” software
to help doing tasks at home, school and
work.
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12. EXERCISE
4. What is the difference between data and
information (give example) ?
 Data – collection of unprocessed items (raw
facts) , which can include text, numbers,
images, audio and video.
 Information – Data which has been organized
in a meaningful manner (IC)
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13. EXERCISE
5. List the components of the computer (give
example) ?
 Input devices (keyboard)
 Output devices (monitor)
 A system Unit (Motherboard)
 Storage Devices (Hard disk)
 Communication Devices (Modem)
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14. EXERCISE
6. List the types of computer ?
 Supercomputer
 Mainframe
 Minicomputer
 Microcomputer
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