Computer Essentials - Part 1 (IT Concepts).pptx

ICDL MODULE 1:
Computer Essentials
http://www.icdl.org

ICDL MODULE : Computer Essentials
Section 1
:Computers and
Devices
Section 2 : Desktop,
Icons, Settings
Section 3 : Outputs
Section 4 : Efficiently
managing files and
folders
Section 5 :
Communication
among computers
Section 6 : Security
and well-being

ICDL MODULE 1: Computer Essentials
http://www.icdlasia.org
Section 1 :Computers and Devices
What is ICT?
The set of tools used to store, transmit and use information is commonly described using the term
ICT, i.e.
Information and Communication Technology. It deals with the possibility of managing, processing
and representing
information thanks to the help of computers and all types of technologies connected to them.

different types of ICT services/uses like: Internet services,
mobile technology, office productivity applications:
MOBILE
TECHNOLOGIES
THE TRADITIONAL
COMPUTER
SERVICES OFFERED
BY THE INTERNET

Internet Services for Consumers :
Many businesses use computers to manage their employees’ records, as
well as for accounting and payroll functions.
Insurance companies use computers to process claims. In this way, more
than 95 per cent of claims are resolved automatically.
Governments use computers to analyze census information and keep track
of public records.
Hospitals use computers to diagnose, monitor and treat patients.
Schools and universities use computers to keep track of student
registrations and academic records.

E-commerce:
This refers to the buying and selling of products through an electronic system,
such as the internet. Not all aspects of e-commerce are necessarily electronic, for
example, after a customer makes a purchase, their item is shipped by post. E-
Commerce is used by all types of businesses to sell all types of products,
including clothing, toys, computers, electronic equipment, airline tickets, food,
jewelry, books, and medicine.

E-banking:
This is the system that enables financial
institutions to provide services to their customers
through the internet orother electronic media,
such as mobile phones, which may also be called
mobile banking (m-banking).
E-Banking enables customers to perform
a range of financial transactions from
any location where there is access to
anappropriate network.
Typically, these transactions include
transferring funds between accounts,
obtaining account balances and transaction
summaries, making account payments,
ordering cheque books, setting up standing
orders and receiving notification of account
transactions via SMS.
As e-banking technology becomes more
advanced, the types of transactions that
a bank can provide to its customers will
become more sophisticated and give
greater flexibility and convenience.

E-government:
This is the electronic system that many local and state governments use to provide services
to their citizens.
E-Government enables citizens to register for access to public records, such as census
information, government budgets, specific articles of legislation, etc. With e-government, it
is possible to perform any number of functions related to government, such as file income
tax returns, register to vote, change and update personal information (such as a postal
address), apply for government benefits (like grants or scholarships), renew a driver’s
license, and request and submit forms.

E-learning:
This refers to the system of education that schools – typically third-level institutions such as
universities – provide
to registered users. E-Learning benefits its users through flexibility as there is no need for
learners to go to a physical
classroom. It is quite common for people to take e-learning courses from institutions in other
countries.
Teleworking:
With the development of better telecommunications and better security software, many
people now work from
home. This is called teleworking and it is fast becoming a popular option with many
organizations

A computer:
 Personal Computer:

Processing
 Carried out by CPU (Central Processing Unit)
 Calculations – addition, multiplication ...
 Logical – Program control, “If… then…”
 Control of memory, storage and
peripheral devices
 Speed measured in Gigahertz (GHz)

Types of Memory – RAM
Random Access Memory (RAM)
 Temporary
 Programs currently being used
 Data being processed
 Open documents, spreadsheets etc.
 Results etc. saved back to hard disk

Types of Memory – ROM
Read-only Memory (ROM)
 Permanent
 “Bootstrap” routine used to start
computer (NB. “Booting up”)
 Programs in specialist “embedded”
systems eg. Washing machines, mobile phones

Memory and Storage
Main
processor
(CPU)
Memory
(RAM)
Backing Storage
(Disk drive)
Backup (eg. Tape)

Bigger bytes!
Kilobyte (Kb) – 1024 bytes
Megabyte (Mb) – 1024 Kb
Gigabyte (Gb) – 1024 Mb
Terabyte (Tb) – 1024 Gb
What can you store?

Types of Storage Device
Internal
Hard disk drive – in a laptop is 500 GB and 1 TB to
3 TB for external hard disks and 1 to 3 TB for desktops
 Computer’s operating system
 Programs eg. Word, Excel
 Data – documents, spreadsheets, databases

Types of Storage Device
Devices with removable media:
Floppy disk – 1.44Mb
500+ page document, several photos
CD – 740Mb. Many photos; large program suite
DVD – 4,700Mb/4.7Gb. Full-length film
ZIP disk – 100 or 200Mb. Used mainly for backup
USB flash drives– They can hold from 1GB to 64
GB of information..
microSD card
2 GB to 32 GB

Input Devices
Keyboard
Mouse
Scanner
Microphone
Digital
camera
Trackball
Touchpad
Light pen
Joystick
Output
Devices
Monitor
Printer
Speakers
Earphone
s
Input/Output
Devices
Touch
screen
Modem

Printers:
Dot matrix printers Inkjet
printers
Laser printers

Input or output?

Docking station
A docking station is a common addition for
many
laptops

common input/output ports
Serial ports Parallel
ports
Network ports
USB (Universal Serial
Bus)
High-Definition Multimedia Interface (or HDMI)

Types of programs
An operating system, such as Windows,
Common examples of operating systems are:
● Microsoft Windows, variants of which, e.g. Windows 7 and Windows 10, are the most common operating systems
in use on PC compatible computers.
● Ubuntu and Fedora, which are Linux-based and run on PC-compatible computers.
● MacOS, which runs on Apple and Intel hardware.
● iOS, which runs on many hand-held devices, such as Apple iPhones and iPads.
● Android, which runs on many hand-held devices, such as Samsung smartphones and tablets

Applications software
is all the other software that runs on a computer. This is the software most users recognize
as the applications with which they do their work.

Computer Essentials - Part 1 (IT Concepts).pptx

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