The CPU is the central processing unit that acts as the brain of the computer and carries out all tasks in a program. RAM is used for temporary storage and comes in different types like SDRAM and DDR, while ROM permanently stores information on startup. The hard drive stores files and data on spinning platters and its capacity is measured in gigabytes or terabytes. A heat sink sits above the CPU to allow airflow and cooling to prevent overheating from the CPU's processing work. Adapter cards like graphics cards and sound cards enable additional functionality by expanding the computer's abilities. Common output devices are monitors, printers and speakers, while keyboards, mice and microphones serve as typical input devices that connect via ports like USB or serial

2. CPU
Central processing unit is one of the main parts of a computer, it
is the part that carries out all tasks in a program. The CPU is
basically referred to as “the brain” of the computer.
The speed that a CPU works at is GHz (gigahertz)
Many CPUs today can do more than 1 billion instructions a
second.
A CPU can generate a lot of heat due to the amount of work
that they do

3. RAM
There are lots of different types of RAM:
 SDRAM
 DDR
 DRAM
 DIMM
 RIMM
ROM is different to RAM as it keeps information on the
computer even when the computer is turned off. ROM
usually comes on computer chips.

4. Hard Drive
Can be known as hard disk and is used to store information
on, such as documents, music, photos etc. The
information is is kept on revolving platters.
The capacity of hard drives are measured in gigabytes, but
there are more and more hard drives are being measured
in terabytes (1000 GB)

5. Heat sink
The heat sink is applied on top of the CPU (between the CPU
and thermal compound) and is used to allow air flow in and
around the CPU.
Due to the speed of a CPU and how much work it does, the
CPU generates a lot of heat and must have a supply of air
flow to keep an optimum temperature to allow it to work
properly.

6. Adapter cards
There are different types of adapter cards they are:
 Sound card: This is also known as an expansion card, as it allows the
computer to do certain things, the sound card enables you to play
sounds/recordings out through speakers or headphones.
 Video Card: allows you to look at things on your monitor using
graphics
 NIC: allows user to connect to a network and the internet

7. Output device
 Printer
 Monitor
 Speakers

8. Input devices
 Keyboard
 Mice
 Games controller
 Microphone
All of the following input/output devices can be used with the following
interfaces:
 USB
 Serial
 SCSI