1. The Internet, the Web,
and Electronic
Commerce
ENS 42 - Computer Applications in
Environmental Science
2
2. Internet and Web Resources
Internet Applications
Web Utilities
Search Tools
Intra- and Extranets
Electronic Commerce
3. Internet Beginnings: the Web
• Advanced Research Project Agency Network (ARPANET) (1969)
• National computer network
• Domain Name system
• the first domain registered (1985): symbolics.com – a domain belonging
to a computer manufacturer
4. Internet Beginnings: the Web
• World Wide Web
• Center for European Nuclear Research (CERN) (1992)
• Multimedia interface
• Google and Wi-Fi (2000s)
• Google’s meteoric rise to domination of the search engine market.
• Wi-Fi — wireless internet communication
• mobile internet devices like smartphones
6. Access Providers
• Common way to attach to the Internet
• provide Internet access, employing a range of technologies to connect
users to their network
• Internet service providers (ISP)
• National
• Regional
• Wireless
7. Browsers
• Software that connects to Internet or provide access to Web sources
• Allow navigation of the Web
• Uniform Resource Locator (URLs)
• Display Web pages
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
• Text
• Graphics
• Hyperlinks
Safari
8. Uniform Resource Locator
• Address of Web resources
• Consists of
• Protocol
• Domain name
• Domain code – Top-level domain (TLD) Identifies the type of
organization
Domain Code
10. Navigation
• Web sites
• Informational locations
• Home page
• Surfing
• Moving from Web site to Web site
• Following hyperlinks
11. Web Portals
• Web page at a website
• Variety of services
• specially designed website that brings information from diverse
sources, like emails, online forums and search engines, together in a
uniform way
• Searching
• e-mail
• News
• Sports updates
12. Web Portals
1. Horizontal portals - Appeal to mass audiences
• Yahoo! : www.yahoo.com
2. Vertical portals - Focused content, Appeal to special-interest groups
• Sports : www.cbs.sportsline.com
3. Marketplace portals - business-to-business and business-to-customer
e-commerce, software support for e-commerce transactions
• eBay : www.eBay.com
13. Web Portals
4. Search portals - results from
several search engines into one page
• Google : www.google.com
5. Media Portals - focus on
entertainment, business or
consumer news
• BBC : www.bbc.co.uk
6. Access Portal
7. Geographical Portals
14. E-mail
• Global connection
• Family, friends, business
• Basic elements
• Header
• Address, Subject, Attachments
• Message
• Body of letter
• Signature
• Additional information about sender
15. E-mail: E-mail Addresses
• Domain name system (DNS)
• Consists of
• User name
• Domain name
• Domain code
16. Social Networking
• Connecting people and organizations that share a common interest or activity
• Three most popular:
• Facebook
• Facebook Profiles
• Facebook Pages
• Facebook groups
• Google+
• Circles
• Hangouts
• Sparks
• LinkedIn
• Business-oriented
17. Blogs, Microblogs
• Microblogs – short status updates
that answer the question:
• What are you doing now?
• Web logs or blogs – personal news
pages that are date/time-stamped
and arranged with the most recent
items shown first
18. Webcasts, Podcasts, Wikis
• Wiki – a specially designed Web site
that allows visitors to edit the
contents, supports collaborative
writing
• Webcast – streaming technology
for live broadcast of audio and
video
• Podcast-audio and video files
that can be downloaded to your
computer or media player
19. Discussion Groups
• Online groups that discuss various topics
• Different forms
• Mailing lists
• Newsgroups
• Chat groups
• Instant Messaging
20. Mailing Lists and Newsgroups
• Mailing lists
• Communicate via a list address
• E-mail is sent to each subscriber
• Must first subscribe to participate
• Newsgroup
• UseNet
• Messages routed across UseNet
• Message is not sent to each subscriber
21. Chat Groups and Instant Messaging
• Chat groups
• Allow direct live communication
• Select a channel
• Others see message as typed
• Instant Messaging
• Similar to chat groups
• Greater control and flexibility
• Specify list of friends
22. Common Discussion Group Terms
• FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
• Flaming - typically, heard in conjunction with flame wars. Basically, an
argument online.
• RFD - Request for Discussion
• Lurking - Helps potential participants understand the culture of the
group
• Saint – Someone who helps new members by answering questions
• Thread – Sequence of ongoing messages related to the same subject
• Wizard – someone who has comprehensive knowledge about a subject
23. Search Tools
• Search services
• Huge database of information
• Web site addresses
• Content descriptions
• Keywords
• Databases updated continuously
• Agents, spiders, bots
24. Search Engines
• Information lookup assistance
• Search approaches
• Keyword search
• Looks through database for keywords
• Returns hits
• Specific information
• Directory search
• List of categories & topics
• Successively select subtopics
• General information
25. Special Search Engines
• Metasearch engine
• Automatically submits search to several search engines simultaneously
• Organizes and eliminates duplicate hits
• Dogpile is a metasearch engine for information on the World Wide Web that
fetches results from Google, Yahoo!, Yandex, Bing and results from other
popular search engines, including those from audio and video content
providers such as Yahoo!.
27. Electronic Commerce
• Buying and selling goods over the Internet
• Rapidly growing
• Types
• Business-to-consumer (B2C) - A business sells product or service directly
to customer
• Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) - Individuals sell to individuals
• Business-to-business (B2B) - Sale of product or service from one business
to another
28. Electronic Commerce
• Virtual stores
• B2C e-commerce
• Commerce servers
• Help businesses create virtual
store Web sites
• Handle payment options, taxes,
shipping costs
• Ensure reliable and secure
communication
❑Web Storefronts
29. Electronic Commerce
• Each Web Storefront consists of
several pages
• Home Page
• Product Page
• Payment Information
• Completion Page
❑Web Storefronts
30. Electronic Commerce
• Growing popularity
• C2C E-commerce
• Buyers submit bids electronically
• Auction house sites
• Run like traditional auction houses
• Generally safe
• Person-to-person
• The site is a forum for sellers and buyers to gather
• Sellers and buyers should be cautious
❑Web Auctions
31. Electronic Payment
• Desired characteristics are fast, secure and reliable payment
• Payment options
• Checks
• Credit Card
• Electronic Cash
• Digital Cash
32. Web Utilities
• Special programs to make the Web and Internet easier and safer
• Telnet - runs programs on remote computers
• FTP - file transfer protocol
• Plug-ins - automatically loaded by and work with your browser
(Acrobat Reader)
• Filters - block access to specified sites
33. Organization Internets
• Intranets
• Private within
organization
• Extranets
• Private that connect
more than one org
• Firewalls
• Security system for
organization networks
