This document provides an introduction to computers, including their definition, basic functionalities, common types of computers and devices, data and information, input/output devices, memory and storage, the web, programs and applications, communications and networks, technology uses, and types of technology users. It defines a computer, describes the five basic functions of taking input, storing and processing data, generating output, and controlling operations. It also lists and describes common computer hardware components and software programs.

1. Introduction to Computer and Application
Ts. Zahirrudin Bin Idris
IXA1124
April 2020

2. Introduction to
Computer
Computer definition:
A computer is an electronic device,
operating under the control of
instructions stored in its own memory that
can accept data (input), process the
data according to specified rules, produce
information (output), and store the
information for future use.

3. Functionalities
of a computer
Any digital computer carries out five functions in
gross terms:
1) Takes data as inputs
2) Stores the data/instructions in its memory and
use them when required
3) Processes the data and converts it into useful
information
4) Generates the output
5) Controls all the above four steps

4. COMPUTER
• LAPTOPS
• TABLETS
• DESKTOPS
• ALL-in-ONES
• SERVERS

5. MOBILE AND GAME
DEVICES
• Smartphones
• Digital Cameras
• Portable and Digital Media Players
• E-Book Readers
• Wearable Devices
• Games Devices

6. DATA and INFORMATION
Data = a collection of unprocessed items (text, numbers, images, audio
and video)
Information = conveys meaning to users

7. Input Devices
• Keyboards
• Pointing Devices
• Voice and Video Input
• Scanners

8. Output Devices
• Printers
• Displays
• Speakers, Earbuds and
Headphones

9. Memory and Storage
• Hard Disks
• Solid-State Drives (SSD)
• USB Flash Drives
• Memory Cards
• Optical Disks (CDs , DVDs etc)
• Cloud Storage

10. THE WEB
• Browsing the Web (chrome, Firefox,
Safari, Microsoft Edge etc)
• Searching the Web (Google, Yahoo etc)
• Online Social Networks (FB, LinkedIn,
Twitter etc)
• Internet Communication (E-mail , VoIP,
WhatsApp, Messenger etc)

11. DIGITAL
SECURITY
AND PRIVACY
Viruses and other Malware
Privacy
Health Concerns
Environmental Issues (Green computing)

12. PROGRAMS
AND APPS
Software >> Program
• System Software
• Application Software
Operating Systems = Windows, macOS,
IOS, Android
Applications :
• 1) Productivity 4) Communications
• 2) Graphics and Media 5) Security
• 3) Personal Interest 6) File, System and
Disk Management

13. COMMUNICATIONS AND
NETWORKS
Wired and Wireless Communications
• Wired - Telephone wiring , Coaxial cable, Fiber
Optics
• Wireless – Wi-Fi, Bluetooth , Cellular radio (2G,
3G, 4G and 5G)
Networks
• Home networks
• Business Networks

14. TECHNOLOGY USES
• Education
• Government
• Finance
• Retail
• Entertainment
• Health Care
• Science
• Travel
• Publishing
• Manufacturing

15. TECHNOLOGY USERS
HOME USER SMALL/HOME
OFFICE
MOBILE USER POWER USER ENTERPRISE
USER