The document discusses EPA's finalized adjustments to Clean Air Act standards for boilers and incinerators from December 2012. The adjustments maintain public health benefits while increasing compliance flexibility and clarity. The Major Source Boiler Rule allows three years for compliance, while the Area Source Boiler Rule's compliance date is March 2014. The rule affects thousands of major and area source boilers, primarily those burning oil, coal, biomass or process gas. Compliance options include fuel switching to natural gas, installing controls like scrubbers, and natural gas-fired combined heat and power systems.
Overview of a Strategy to Exempt Multiple Process Heaters from the “Boiler MA...Antea Group
This document summarizes a presentation on a strategy to exempt multiple process heaters at a large oil and gas processing facility from the Boiler MACT regulations. The initial inventory found the facility's HAP emissions exceeded major source thresholds. Evaluating strategies led to quantifying actual HAP emissions, which were found to be below thresholds. A permit application was submitted to establish the facility as an area source, expected to be approved by the deadline. Personal thoughts noted challenges in understanding compliance requirements and resources.
CCS cost estimation methods in the coal, oil and gas sectors - David Butler, ...Global CCS Institute
This document discusses methods for estimating the costs of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in the coal, oil, and gas sectors. It outlines challenges in estimating incremental costs for CCS projects in these industries, including establishing appropriate reference cases and determining the net amount of avoided carbon dioxide emissions. The document also notes complications that arise in estimating how CCS would impact production costs and defining emission intensities for projects that coproduce heat, power, and other commodities.
This document studies post-combustion carbon dioxide (CO2) capture at two Indonesian coal power plants: Bojonegara (2x1000 MWe) and Sumsel-6 (1x600 MWe). It evaluates four subsystems: CO2 capture using monoethanolamine solvent absorption, CO2 conditioning including compression and dehydration, energy impacts, and capital costs. Simulation results found CO2 capture requires 40% more coal to maintain initial power output and increases capital expenditure by 28-36% for Bojonegara and 28-72% for Sumsel-6, depending on the level of CO2 recovery.
Costs of capturing CO2 from industrial sources - Morgan Summers, National Ene...Global CCS Institute
This document summarizes the results of a study on the cost of capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from various industrial processes for use in enhanced oil recovery. The study found that industrial processes with higher CO2 concentrations in their flue gas streams have lower costs of CO2 capture. Coal-to-liquids and gas-to-liquids have the lowest costs, followed by natural gas processing, ethylene oxide production, and ammonia production. Processes with lower CO2 concentrations like refinery hydrogen production and cement production have much higher costs. Key factors that influence the cost include CO2 concentration, scale of the industrial plant, and whether CO2 separation equipment is required. The document provides detailed breakdowns of costs for
Gas Networks Ireland presentation from the IREC conference on Renewable Gas: Unique Heat & De-carbonisation Opportunity for Ireland.
Gas has a key part to play in helping Ireland meet it's climate change targets through;
• More efficient use of the existing gas networks
• The deployment of more innovate technologies
• Facilitating and supporting an indigenous renewable gas industry
The document describes the advantages of fine carburizing processes such as FC-35 and FC-35-ACM. Some key advantages include reduced gas consumption and carburizing time compared to endothermic gas methods, resulting in increased productivity of over 20%. FC-35-ACM can further increase productivity by 10% and inhibits sooting during high carbon potential carburizing. Atmosphere gas costs are also significantly lower under fine carburizing processes.
Fuel Cells need a hydrogen source, but there is a a lack of existing hydrogen infrastructures. This need for hydrogen available anywhere has lead ETI to develop a rugged, tactical Hydrogen Fuel Reformation System (HFRS) that accepts multiple feedstocks.
Mark Wenclawiak of All4 Inc. presents "Boiler MACT and Strategic Air Permitting" at the A&WMA Southern Section annual meeting. This presentation provides insight into the boiler MACT, NSR reform rules, and how operation can be optimized to reduce operating and compliance costs. The presentation also includes a case study on a pulp mill.
Overview of a Strategy to Exempt Multiple Process Heaters from the “Boiler MA...Antea Group
This document summarizes a presentation on a strategy to exempt multiple process heaters at a large oil and gas processing facility from the Boiler MACT regulations. The initial inventory found the facility's HAP emissions exceeded major source thresholds. Evaluating strategies led to quantifying actual HAP emissions, which were found to be below thresholds. A permit application was submitted to establish the facility as an area source, expected to be approved by the deadline. Personal thoughts noted challenges in understanding compliance requirements and resources.
CCS cost estimation methods in the coal, oil and gas sectors - David Butler, ...Global CCS Institute
This document discusses methods for estimating the costs of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in the coal, oil, and gas sectors. It outlines challenges in estimating incremental costs for CCS projects in these industries, including establishing appropriate reference cases and determining the net amount of avoided carbon dioxide emissions. The document also notes complications that arise in estimating how CCS would impact production costs and defining emission intensities for projects that coproduce heat, power, and other commodities.
This document studies post-combustion carbon dioxide (CO2) capture at two Indonesian coal power plants: Bojonegara (2x1000 MWe) and Sumsel-6 (1x600 MWe). It evaluates four subsystems: CO2 capture using monoethanolamine solvent absorption, CO2 conditioning including compression and dehydration, energy impacts, and capital costs. Simulation results found CO2 capture requires 40% more coal to maintain initial power output and increases capital expenditure by 28-36% for Bojonegara and 28-72% for Sumsel-6, depending on the level of CO2 recovery.
Costs of capturing CO2 from industrial sources - Morgan Summers, National Ene...Global CCS Institute
This document summarizes the results of a study on the cost of capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from various industrial processes for use in enhanced oil recovery. The study found that industrial processes with higher CO2 concentrations in their flue gas streams have lower costs of CO2 capture. Coal-to-liquids and gas-to-liquids have the lowest costs, followed by natural gas processing, ethylene oxide production, and ammonia production. Processes with lower CO2 concentrations like refinery hydrogen production and cement production have much higher costs. Key factors that influence the cost include CO2 concentration, scale of the industrial plant, and whether CO2 separation equipment is required. The document provides detailed breakdowns of costs for
Gas Networks Ireland presentation from the IREC conference on Renewable Gas: Unique Heat & De-carbonisation Opportunity for Ireland.
Gas has a key part to play in helping Ireland meet it's climate change targets through;
• More efficient use of the existing gas networks
• The deployment of more innovate technologies
• Facilitating and supporting an indigenous renewable gas industry
The document describes the advantages of fine carburizing processes such as FC-35 and FC-35-ACM. Some key advantages include reduced gas consumption and carburizing time compared to endothermic gas methods, resulting in increased productivity of over 20%. FC-35-ACM can further increase productivity by 10% and inhibits sooting during high carbon potential carburizing. Atmosphere gas costs are also significantly lower under fine carburizing processes.
Fuel Cells need a hydrogen source, but there is a a lack of existing hydrogen infrastructures. This need for hydrogen available anywhere has lead ETI to develop a rugged, tactical Hydrogen Fuel Reformation System (HFRS) that accepts multiple feedstocks.
Mark Wenclawiak of All4 Inc. presents "Boiler MACT and Strategic Air Permitting" at the A&WMA Southern Section annual meeting. This presentation provides insight into the boiler MACT, NSR reform rules, and how operation can be optimized to reduce operating and compliance costs. The presentation also includes a case study on a pulp mill.
Jisc con optimisation, improved sustainability across the estate through us...JISC's Green ICT Programme
The document discusses Imperial College's Continuous Optimisation (ConCom) initiative to reduce carbon consumption across its estates through optimizing plant and services. It describes how ICT infrastructure like the TREND building management system, Carbon Desktop tool, and real-time logging support ConCom by providing extensive control, operational information, and validation of savings from initiatives like night setbacks, air change rationalization, and filter optimization. The cooperation of all departments including estates, academics, building management, and ICT services is needed to achieve sustainability goals through continuous optimization of buildings and systems.
Presentation given by Laurence Robinson of E.ON Technologies (Ratcliffe) Limited on "OCTAVIUS - Optimisation of CO2 capture technology allowing verification and implementation at utility scale" at the EC FP7 Projects: Leading the way in CCS implementation event, London, 14-15 April 2014
The document discusses various zero carbon and low carbon technologies including solar thermal, solar PV, wind, ground source heat pumps, small hydro, combined heat and power (CHP), and air source heat pumps. For each technology, it provides information on typical installation components, considerations, costs, output, lifetime, payback period, environmental benefits in terms of carbon dioxide reductions, and available grants. It also discusses definitions of zero carbon, carbon neutral, and low carbon technologies. Air source heat pumps are highlighted as an emerging proven technology becoming ready for the market, with details on how they work and their benefits and barriers.
SINTERFLEX - Carbon Control in PM SinteringAkin Malas
The presentation shows the Linde Gas SINTERFLEX technology for the PM Sintering industry and sharing background information on application in the industry for improving the quality of the PM parts in the sintering parts using the SINTERFLEX technology.
Throttle Energy is a fully integrated oil and gas company that uses patented technologies to capture flare gas, process it into compressed natural gas (CNG), transport it via trailer, and deliver it to power plants and other end users. The company aims to provide a cheaper and more reliable alternative to pipelines and LNG for natural gas delivery. Throttle Energy has completed projects in several oil and gas basins in the U.S. and Canada. Its virtual pipeline process and mobile equipment allow it to transport gas from remote locations cost effectively.
Ponencia Jornada técnica “Proyectos europeos en eficiencia energética en edif...FAEN
This document summarizes a study that developed an integrated operational optimization model for managing energy use in buildings. The model was tested using data from two sites in Spain and Austria under various operating scenarios. The model reduced space heating demand by 10-30% and overall energy use by 5-7% compared to a fixed temperature approach. This reflects the model's ability to shift loads and optimize operations. Future work will expand the model to include multiple objectives and provide additional policy insights.
Presentation given by Dr Carolina Font Palma from University of Leeds on "Oxyfuel Power Plant with Novel CO2 Separation and Compression Technology" in the Process Engineering Technical Session at the UKCCSRC Biannual Meeting - CCS in the Bigger Picture - held in Cambridge on 2-3 April 2014
The Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) is a UK scheme aimed at reducing carbon emissions. It requires organizations using over 6,000 MWh of electricity annually to purchase allowances for every tonne of CO2 emitted, starting at £12/tonne in 2010. Beginning in 2013, allowances will be capped and auctioned, with prices expected to rise. The scheme aims to publicly rank organizations based on emissions reductions to incentivize performance improvements. Non-compliance results in fines and reputational risks. Preparing for CRC compliance requires accurate energy monitoring, forecasting, and identifying reduction opportunities.
Presentation on CO2 reduction and fuel saving technologies in steelworks by Dr. Chun-Da Chen of China Steel at "Clean Fossil Fuel Technologies" course in National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.
South Africa has committed to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions. To help achieve these targets, the country implemented a carbon tax in 2019. The tax applies to large emitters above certain thresholds. It covers emissions from fuel combustion, industrial processes, and fugitive sources. The tax rate is initially set at 120 Rand per tonne of CO2 equivalent and will increase annually. Taxpayers must calculate their tax liability based on their reported greenhouse gas emissions. Various allowances are provided to reduce the tax burden. The South African Revenue Service administers the carbon tax through existing excise processes.
The document discusses how gas combined heat and power (CHP) is a cost-effective option for facilities facing the EPA's Boiler MACT compliance rules. CHP can help facilities reduce emissions and operating costs compared to installing pollution controls on existing boilers or switching to natural gas boilers. While CHP provides benefits to facilities, utilities, and the environment, it faces hurdles gaining approval from utilities due to regulations and financing challenges. Overall, the document argues that gas CHP is a superior compliance approach compared to traditional options under the Boiler MACT rules.
Technologies for Carbon Capture in Oil Refineriescanaleenergia
Saipem has experience providing engineering services for carbon capture, transportation, and storage projects for oil and gas companies. This includes designing pipelines, conducting environmental impact studies, and modeling wells and reservoirs. The document then discusses differences between capturing carbon from power stations versus refineries, sources of emissions in refineries, and options for capturing carbon from fluid catalytic cracking units, hydrogen production plants, and heaters/boilers in refineries. It concludes by outlining two overall approaches - converting a refinery to run on hydrogen or using oxygen combustion.
Costs for CO2 capture in cement manufacture - Duncan Barker, Mott MacDonaldGlobal CCS Institute
The document summarizes information from a presentation given by Duncan Barker on costs for CO2 capture in cement manufacture. It provides background on different CO2 capture technologies for cement plants, including post-combustion and oxy-combustion capture. It also shares cost data from previous studies on retrofitting and new-build cement plants with CO2 capture, which found total costs ranging from €46-107 per tonne of CO2 avoided. The challenges of accurately estimating CO2 capture costs for the cement industry are discussed.
The Global CCS Institute and USEA co-hosted a briefing on the importance of R&D in advancing energy technologies on June 29 2017. This is the presentation given by Ron Munson, Global Lead-Capture at the Global CCS Institute.
A benchmarking methodology for CO2 capture processesRahulA
The document presents a methodology for benchmarking CO2 capture processes using minimum work targets. It decomposes CO2 capture processes into identifiable steps and calculates the minimum energy requirement for each step and the overall process. This provides an efficiency target for comparing different CO2 capture routes. Applying the methodology to post-combustion, pre-combustion and oxy-combustion capture routes shows that pre-combustion capture has the lowest minimum work requirement and highest efficiency. The methodology provides a basis for comparing processes and identifying areas for efficiency improvements.
The document provides information about a refinery including:
- It started operating in 1984 as a joint venture and now processes 400,000 BPD of crude oil.
- Its main product yields are gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and fuel oil.
- It has technical, operations, maintenance, and financial departments.
- Case studies examine crude distillation unit stream flows over 10 years and calculate heat exchanger fouling rates to predict cleaning needs.
- An experience overview discusses the refinery's induction program and a heat exchanger bundle replacement and testing project.
The document discusses implementing a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project at a natural gas combined heat and power (CHP) plant in Serbia. It analyzes the energy requirements of an existing soybean processing plant and proposes expanding with a new CHP plant. Methodology AM0014 is selected as applicable for the project. Applying this methodology, the CDM project is estimated to achieve annual CO2 emissions savings of 51,034 tons, worth approximately 360,000 euros. However, a techno-economic study finds the CHP plant would currently be unprofitable due to electricity prices in Serbia being too low.
This document provides information about upcoming toastmaster events including chapter meetings for the SIA Toastmasters Bedok Toastmasters club and the Marine Parade Toastmasters Club 5th Anniversary Dinner. The dinner will include an IPDvG speech, DG address, and Golden Gavel Initiation ceremony.
Jisc con optimisation, improved sustainability across the estate through us...JISC's Green ICT Programme
The document discusses Imperial College's Continuous Optimisation (ConCom) initiative to reduce carbon consumption across its estates through optimizing plant and services. It describes how ICT infrastructure like the TREND building management system, Carbon Desktop tool, and real-time logging support ConCom by providing extensive control, operational information, and validation of savings from initiatives like night setbacks, air change rationalization, and filter optimization. The cooperation of all departments including estates, academics, building management, and ICT services is needed to achieve sustainability goals through continuous optimization of buildings and systems.
Presentation given by Laurence Robinson of E.ON Technologies (Ratcliffe) Limited on "OCTAVIUS - Optimisation of CO2 capture technology allowing verification and implementation at utility scale" at the EC FP7 Projects: Leading the way in CCS implementation event, London, 14-15 April 2014
The document discusses various zero carbon and low carbon technologies including solar thermal, solar PV, wind, ground source heat pumps, small hydro, combined heat and power (CHP), and air source heat pumps. For each technology, it provides information on typical installation components, considerations, costs, output, lifetime, payback period, environmental benefits in terms of carbon dioxide reductions, and available grants. It also discusses definitions of zero carbon, carbon neutral, and low carbon technologies. Air source heat pumps are highlighted as an emerging proven technology becoming ready for the market, with details on how they work and their benefits and barriers.
SINTERFLEX - Carbon Control in PM SinteringAkin Malas
The presentation shows the Linde Gas SINTERFLEX technology for the PM Sintering industry and sharing background information on application in the industry for improving the quality of the PM parts in the sintering parts using the SINTERFLEX technology.
Throttle Energy is a fully integrated oil and gas company that uses patented technologies to capture flare gas, process it into compressed natural gas (CNG), transport it via trailer, and deliver it to power plants and other end users. The company aims to provide a cheaper and more reliable alternative to pipelines and LNG for natural gas delivery. Throttle Energy has completed projects in several oil and gas basins in the U.S. and Canada. Its virtual pipeline process and mobile equipment allow it to transport gas from remote locations cost effectively.
Ponencia Jornada técnica “Proyectos europeos en eficiencia energética en edif...FAEN
This document summarizes a study that developed an integrated operational optimization model for managing energy use in buildings. The model was tested using data from two sites in Spain and Austria under various operating scenarios. The model reduced space heating demand by 10-30% and overall energy use by 5-7% compared to a fixed temperature approach. This reflects the model's ability to shift loads and optimize operations. Future work will expand the model to include multiple objectives and provide additional policy insights.
Presentation given by Dr Carolina Font Palma from University of Leeds on "Oxyfuel Power Plant with Novel CO2 Separation and Compression Technology" in the Process Engineering Technical Session at the UKCCSRC Biannual Meeting - CCS in the Bigger Picture - held in Cambridge on 2-3 April 2014
The Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) is a UK scheme aimed at reducing carbon emissions. It requires organizations using over 6,000 MWh of electricity annually to purchase allowances for every tonne of CO2 emitted, starting at £12/tonne in 2010. Beginning in 2013, allowances will be capped and auctioned, with prices expected to rise. The scheme aims to publicly rank organizations based on emissions reductions to incentivize performance improvements. Non-compliance results in fines and reputational risks. Preparing for CRC compliance requires accurate energy monitoring, forecasting, and identifying reduction opportunities.
Presentation on CO2 reduction and fuel saving technologies in steelworks by Dr. Chun-Da Chen of China Steel at "Clean Fossil Fuel Technologies" course in National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.
South Africa has committed to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions. To help achieve these targets, the country implemented a carbon tax in 2019. The tax applies to large emitters above certain thresholds. It covers emissions from fuel combustion, industrial processes, and fugitive sources. The tax rate is initially set at 120 Rand per tonne of CO2 equivalent and will increase annually. Taxpayers must calculate their tax liability based on their reported greenhouse gas emissions. Various allowances are provided to reduce the tax burden. The South African Revenue Service administers the carbon tax through existing excise processes.
The document discusses how gas combined heat and power (CHP) is a cost-effective option for facilities facing the EPA's Boiler MACT compliance rules. CHP can help facilities reduce emissions and operating costs compared to installing pollution controls on existing boilers or switching to natural gas boilers. While CHP provides benefits to facilities, utilities, and the environment, it faces hurdles gaining approval from utilities due to regulations and financing challenges. Overall, the document argues that gas CHP is a superior compliance approach compared to traditional options under the Boiler MACT rules.
Technologies for Carbon Capture in Oil Refineriescanaleenergia
Saipem has experience providing engineering services for carbon capture, transportation, and storage projects for oil and gas companies. This includes designing pipelines, conducting environmental impact studies, and modeling wells and reservoirs. The document then discusses differences between capturing carbon from power stations versus refineries, sources of emissions in refineries, and options for capturing carbon from fluid catalytic cracking units, hydrogen production plants, and heaters/boilers in refineries. It concludes by outlining two overall approaches - converting a refinery to run on hydrogen or using oxygen combustion.
Costs for CO2 capture in cement manufacture - Duncan Barker, Mott MacDonaldGlobal CCS Institute
The document summarizes information from a presentation given by Duncan Barker on costs for CO2 capture in cement manufacture. It provides background on different CO2 capture technologies for cement plants, including post-combustion and oxy-combustion capture. It also shares cost data from previous studies on retrofitting and new-build cement plants with CO2 capture, which found total costs ranging from €46-107 per tonne of CO2 avoided. The challenges of accurately estimating CO2 capture costs for the cement industry are discussed.
The Global CCS Institute and USEA co-hosted a briefing on the importance of R&D in advancing energy technologies on June 29 2017. This is the presentation given by Ron Munson, Global Lead-Capture at the Global CCS Institute.
A benchmarking methodology for CO2 capture processesRahulA
The document presents a methodology for benchmarking CO2 capture processes using minimum work targets. It decomposes CO2 capture processes into identifiable steps and calculates the minimum energy requirement for each step and the overall process. This provides an efficiency target for comparing different CO2 capture routes. Applying the methodology to post-combustion, pre-combustion and oxy-combustion capture routes shows that pre-combustion capture has the lowest minimum work requirement and highest efficiency. The methodology provides a basis for comparing processes and identifying areas for efficiency improvements.
The document provides information about a refinery including:
- It started operating in 1984 as a joint venture and now processes 400,000 BPD of crude oil.
- Its main product yields are gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and fuel oil.
- It has technical, operations, maintenance, and financial departments.
- Case studies examine crude distillation unit stream flows over 10 years and calculate heat exchanger fouling rates to predict cleaning needs.
- An experience overview discusses the refinery's induction program and a heat exchanger bundle replacement and testing project.
The document discusses implementing a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project at a natural gas combined heat and power (CHP) plant in Serbia. It analyzes the energy requirements of an existing soybean processing plant and proposes expanding with a new CHP plant. Methodology AM0014 is selected as applicable for the project. Applying this methodology, the CDM project is estimated to achieve annual CO2 emissions savings of 51,034 tons, worth approximately 360,000 euros. However, a techno-economic study finds the CHP plant would currently be unprofitable due to electricity prices in Serbia being too low.
This document provides information about upcoming toastmaster events including chapter meetings for the SIA Toastmasters Bedok Toastmasters club and the Marine Parade Toastmasters Club 5th Anniversary Dinner. The dinner will include an IPDvG speech, DG address, and Golden Gavel Initiation ceremony.
Bond Financing & Eligible QEBC Projects - National Perspective from the Energ...TNenergy
This document summarizes information about qualified energy conservation bonds (QECBs). It discusses that QECBs provide a federal interest rate subsidy for state and local green bonds. It notes that most QECBs issued have funded energy efficiency and renewable energy projects. It also provides regional data on QECB allocations and issuances. Barriers to QECB use include administrative costs and lack of familiarity, while pooling projects and experienced advisors have helped other projects succeed. Recent impacts include the automatic federal budget cuts known as sequestration reducing QECB subsidy payments.
Magic in a message - Creating the Irresistible Pitch Paul Krupin
Identifies and discusses the best professional branding techniques and strategies for creating article and interview proposals and pitches that get the best publicity. Shares The 3 I Technique and the 20 best topics for content that results in feature stories and interviews with top media. Presents and explains The Miracle int the Microcosm, which can be learned by anyone anywhere. The miracle is that it really doesn’t matter where you are. You can learn what to say that turns people on one person at a time. You just have to keep talking to people and pay attention to what you said when it happens!
You can ask people at a speaking engagement to tell you. You can have a partner watch the audience and take note while you are speaking. You can record your talks and track sales or how many people raise their hand or come up to you after your talk. You’ll find hints in your reviewer comments and testimonials where people tell you why they love what you do.
The miracle is that once you learn the magic words that produce the action you want, you can then you can use all the media and other marcom technologies as a force multiplier to repeat the message and keep reproducing the effect.
Cecilia Kumpukwe Banda Launches her own Fashion MagzineVijay Chawla
Cecilia Kumpukwe Banda launched her own fashion magazine focusing on the latest trends and styles. The magazine will highlight both local and international designers and provide readers with insights on the fashion industry. Cecilia hopes the magazine empowers women and celebrates their beauty through fashion.
This document contains questions from assignments for various Master of Business Administration courses at SMU, including Production and Operation Management, Financial Management, Marketing Management, Management Information Systems, Operations Research, and Project Management. The questions cover a range of topics within each subject area, such as production strategies, capital budgeting, marketing mix, information systems implementation, linear programming, and project scheduling. Students are directed to a website for answers to the questions.
Про стан надання високоспеціалізованої медичної допомоги у відділенні судинної хірургії пораненим та постраждалим в зоні АТО. Виконання планових показників діяльності відділення
Qualified Energy Conservation Bonds (Katie)TNenergy
The document provides an overview of Qualified Energy Conservation Bonds (QECBs), including:
- What QECBs are and how they can be used to finance energy conservation projects
- Examples of QECB projects in Tennessee that have funded energy efficiency upgrades in buildings and infrastructure
- Best practices for using performance-based contracting and identifying high-impact, shovel-ready projects
- Details on Tennessee's QECB program allocation process and opportunities for future competitive sub-allocations
The document outlines Covidien's centralized energy efficiency program, which aims to reduce the company's carbon footprint and energy intensity by 20% over 10 years. The program follows 8 steps: commitment, benchmarking, performance tracking, capital investment, forecasting, education, recognition, and communication. It establishes energy management teams, sets guidelines and standards, tracks and reports performance, funds capital projects, and provides resources, education, and awards to promote energy efficiency across Covidien sites. All program information and site data is maintained on a central Energy Center of Excellence website for transparency and knowledge sharing.
Seven Habits of Highly Effective Energy ManagersTNenergy
The document discusses 7 habits of highly effective energy managers. It summarizes each habit in 1-2 sentences and provides an example. The habits are: 1) Engineers design for "just-in-case" not efficiency. 2) Compressed air is very expensive due to leaks and inappropriate uses. 3) Leaving lights on wastes energy; occupancy sensors and controls save energy. 4) Reality is between expectations and chaos; compressor use may not match assumptions. 5) Low hanging fruit grows back; ongoing maintenance is needed. 6) Production needs can conflict with efficiency; energy teams find lowest energy solutions. 7) You can't reduce what you don't measure; sub-metering focuses effort. The document ends by thank
Energy Management Case Studies - Healthy Hospitals InitiativeTNenergy
The document discusses the Healthier Hospitals Initiative (HHI), which aims to enroll 2000 hospitals. HHI works with hospitals to conserve energy and reduce emissions to benefit patients, staff, and local communities. It outlines HHI's goals and levels for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and energy intensity. The initiative also provides case studies, such as one on Partners Healthcare's strategic energy master plan that reduced energy consumption by 25% and annual pollutant emissions. HHI's work helps improve environmental sustainability and community health.
מרכז הסיוע "עצת נפש" הוא ארגון המושיט יד לגברים צעירים ומבוגרים, הורים, מורים ואנשי חינוך, המתמודדים מול סוגיות של תקיפה מינית, נטיות הפוכות הומוסקסואליות, אובססיות ודחפים מיניים והתמכרותיים, התמכרות לפייסבוק ולאינטרנט.
התקשרו לעצת נפש. כי יש מי שיעזור. 02-6541899
Ecosystems/Partnering Roadmap For A Typical AR Platform StartupArvind Thangli
Augmented Reality is coming out of the hype cycle to be a prominent technology in the enterprise. Here - I have tried to articulate what a partner ecosystems strategy (channels+developers+ISVs) may look like.
Tests were conducted involving various components. Several steps were taken that involved different actions with the goal of testing various aspects. The results provided useful information.
On December 20th, 2012, the US EPA finalized the Clean Air Act pollution standards known as ICI Boiler MACT. This standard applies to large boilers in a wide range of industrial facilities and institutions. This webinar, held January 30, 2013, discusses a US DOE sponsored technical assistance program to ensure that major sources burning coal or oil have information on cost-effective clean energy strategies for compliance , such as natural gas combined heat and power (CHP). Boiler owners and operators can learn about clean energy strategies to meet EPA boiler rules through DOE’s Boiler MACT Technical Assistance Program, which has been piloted in Ohio since March 2012 and is now being implemented throughout the Country. John Cuttica, Director of the Midwest Clean Energy Application Center and the Energy Resources Center, both located at the University of Illinois at Chicago, discusses how our Midwest industrial and institutional companies can take advantage of the technical assistance program. (this is the slides-only version; full video version is available at https://www.slideshare.net/MidwestEfficiency/combined-heat-and-power-as-a-boiler-mact-compliance-strategy-16406830)
The document discusses various challenges and considerations around accurately accounting for carbon emissions from buildings and electricity production methods. It touches on the need for standardized approaches and boundaries to avoid double counting, the sensitivity of different methods to accounting assumptions, and debates around how to appropriately assign emissions factors across supply chains and energy grids.
5 Steps to Achieve More CostEffective Aminebased Carbon Capture Processes at ...NazrulIslam657555
The document outlines 5 steps to develop a cost baseline for a commercial-scale amine-based carbon capture process at a 555 MWe natural gas power plant. The steps include: (1) developing and validating an Aspen Plus process model, (2) simulating the full plant design, (3) sizing major equipment, (4) estimating capital and operating costs using Aspen Capital Cost Estimator, and (5) analyzing costs and comparing to industry benchmarks. The analysis estimated a total capital cost of $326.6 million and annual operating cost of $47 million for the reference case of a 30 wt% MEA solvent system capturing 1.475 million tons per year of CO2.
Gas Turbines at PACT Research and Development on Gas Turbines and CCS - talk by Karen Finney, University of Leeds, at the opening of the UKCCSRC PACT Beighton facility
China's first transcritical CO2 store with CAREL control solutions, BeijingCAREL Industries S.p.A
The first ATMOsphere event in China was held on 11 and 12 April in Beijing. Defined by the organisers as “truly a bridge for Chinese businesses and the global market for natural refrigerants”, this ATMO event provided a platform for discussing the opportunities for using natural refrigerants, based on real experiences and success stories.
The document discusses opportunities for implementing clean development mechanism (CDM) activities in the Panipat Textile Cluster in India to help small and medium enterprises reduce their energy consumption and associated costs. It describes conducting energy audits of 25 textile industries in the cluster to identify opportunities for efficiency improvements. The audits found potential for reducing electricity and fuel use through measures like installing variable frequency drives, recovering waste heat and increasing use of renewable energy. Overall, the cluster was estimated to have a GHG reduction potential of 200,000 tons of CO2 equivalents through CDM activities.
An exclusive in-depth look at the latest technology trends on natural refrigerants CO2, ammonia and hydrocarbons by Prof. Jiangping Chen, Shanghai Jiaotong University.
Towards a Standard for Carbon Accounting | Hywell Daviesicarb
The document discusses carbon accounting standards and metrics for buildings. It notes several ongoing standardization efforts and makes recommendations for carbon accounting, including:
- Defining clear system boundaries and accounting for all scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions
- Developing consistent metrics that allow for comparisons across sectors and activities
- Collecting better quality performance data to improve benchmarking
- Reporting on normalization factors to provide full context for emission reductions
* We have a technology called the VIRTUAL PIPELINE TECHNOLOGY (VPT) - captures flared gas, stranded gas, associate gas (dry or wet - explained in the slide) at any given pressure, processes it, transport and supply the gas at the preferred discharge pressure. Our tubes carries a minimum of 550mscf (could carry more if the road is good and can take the weight). It can also pick up gas from existing pipelines and deliver gas to pipeline disconnected areas.
* Modular Power Plant (minimum of 1.5MW) and can be co-generated (power and steam/hot water).
INSIGHT: building a gigantic MW plants that will take 4 - 5 years to achieve also not considering where the source of feedstock is has been a major problem in West Africa.
Meanwhile, TEI can build modular plants (1.5MW each) 6MW plants + VPT within 6 - 9 months and could have 100 different locations (600MW) over a period of time serving numerous locations, and make the return on your investments within a year or 16 - 18 months as the case may be (depending on the distance from feedstock and discharge pressure) yet achieving the same purpose (or even more) in a significant less amount of time as any stand alone 500MW which will just be concluded in the 4th or 5th year talk less of when the breakeven point will be.
Also, if one station goes out, it does not affect the other 99 plants/stations hence providing light/electricity to a wider range. Another better advantage of our VPT and modular plants and why we are better than any product on earth as of today. So robust, you can deploy in the rural areas.
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These are reasons why we are a SOLUTION to the Gas, Power and Energy sectors and looking forward to providing a solution to the existing problems.....
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2. 2icfi.com |
Clean Air Acts Standards for Boilers and
Incinerators
On December 20, 2012, EPA finalized a specific set of adjustments to
March 2011 Clean Air Act standards for boilers and certain solid
waste incinerators
− Area Source Boiler Rule
− Major Source Boiler Rule (ICI Boiler MACT)
− Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incinerators MACT
Adjustments based on new data and additional information on real-
world performance
− Maintain public health benefits by reducing toxic air pollution,
including mercury and particulates
− Increase flexibility of compliance
− Maintain cuts in the cost of implementation represented by March
2011 rule
− Provide clarity in identifying which non-hazardous secondary materials
are, or are not, solid wastes
3. 3icfi.com |
Compliance Timelines
Adjustments to numerical emissions limits and to technology
subcategories significant enough to warrant allowing a full three
years for compliance
Major Source Boiler Rule (ICI Boiler MACT)
− Three years after publication in Federal Register (January 31, 2016)
− Sources may request an additional year if required for the installation
of controls or repowering (installation of CHP included)
Area Source Boiler Rule
− Timeline for initial notification for existing area source boilers no later
than January 2014
− Compliance date for emissions limits, tune-up requirements and
energy assessments March 21, 2014
CISW Incinerator Rule
− Five years after publication in Federal Register (January 31, 2016)
4. 4icfi.com |
Affected Major and Area Source Boilers
Major Source Boilers
About 14,000 Covered Units
88% follow work
practice rules
12% have
numerical
limits
About 183,000 Covered Units
(no natural gas boilers)
Less than 1%
have limits
99% follow work
practice rules
12,300 need to follow work practice
standards such annual tune ups
1,700 need to meet numerical
emissions limits
182,400 need to follow work
practice standards such tune ups
600 need to meet numerical
emissions limits
Area Source Boilers
5. 5icfi.com |
ICI Boiler MACT (Major Source Rule)
Standards for hazardous air pollutants from major sources:
industrial, commercial and institutional boilers and process heaters
(excludes any unit combusting solid waste)
Major source is a facility that emits:
− 10 tpy or more of any single Hazardous Air Pollutant, or 25 tpy or
more of total Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)
Emissions limits applicable to new and existing units > 10
MMBtu/hr
− Mercury (Hg)
− Filterable Particulate Matter (PM) or Total Selective Metals (TSM) as
a surrogate for non-mercury HAP metals
− Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) as a surrogate for acid gas HAP
− Carbon Monoxide (CO) as a surrogate for non-dioxin/furan organics
5
6. 6icfi.com |
ICI Boiler MACT (cont’d)
For new and existing units < 10 MMBtu/hr – the rule
establishes a work practice standard instead of numeric
emission limits (periodic tune-ups)
Rule significantly impacts oil, coal, biomass, and process
gas boilers
− Emission limits must be met at all times except for start-up and
shutdown periods
− Controls are potentially required for Hg, PM, HCI, and CO
− Also includes monitoring and reporting requirements
− Limits are difficult (technically and economically) for oil and coal
boilers (especially older units)
7. 7icfi.com |
Compliance Strategies
Standard Control Technologies for Affected Boilers
− Mercury (Hg): Fabric filters and activated carbon injection are
the primary control devices
− Particulate Matter (PM): Electrostatic precipitators may be
required for units to meet emission levels
− Hydrogen Chloride (HCl): Wet scrubbers or fabric filters with dry
injection are the primary control technologies
− Carbon Monoxide (CO): Tune-ups, replacement burners,
combustion controls and oxidation catalysts are the preferred
control technologies
Required compliance measures for any unit depend on current
emissions levels from the units and the control equipment
already in place
8. 8icfi.com |
Convert boilers to natural gas
− Replace burners in existing boilers with natural gas
burners (lose efficiency)
− Replace boiler with natural gas boiler
− Compliance becomes straight forward (tune-ups in lieu
of more rigorous control options)
Compliance Strategies
9. 9icfi.com |
Install a natural gas fueled CHP system
− Gas turbine/generator produces electricity
− Turbine waste heat generates steam through a HRSG
Represents a tradeoff of benefits versus additional
costs
– Represents a productive investment
– Potential for lower steam costs due to generating own
power
– Higher overall efficiency and reduced emissions
– Higher capital costs, but partially offset by required
compliance costs or new gas boiler costs
Compliance Strategy
10. 10icfi.com |
ICI Boiler MACT - Potential CHP Capacity
Fuel Type
Number
of
Facilities
Number of
Affected
Units
Boiler
Capacity
(MMBtu/hr)
CHP
Potential
(MW)
CO2
Emissions
Savings
(MMT)
Coal 332 751 180,525 18,055 114.2
Heavy Liquid 170 367 48,296 4,830 22.9
Light Liquid 109 241 22,133 2,214 10.5
Total 611* 1,359 250,954 25,099 147.6
*Some facilities are listed in multiple categories due to multiple fuel types;
there are 567 ICI affected facilities
•CHP potential based on average efficiency of affected boilers of 75%; Average annual load factor of
65%, and simple cycle gas turbine CHP performance (power to heat ratio = 0.7)
• GHG emissions savings based on 8000 operating hours for coal and 6000 hours for oil, with a CHP
electric efficiency of 32%, and displacing average fossil fuel central station generation
11. 11icfi.com |
Compares cost of compliance options for coal
and/or oil fired boilers:
− Installing control technologies on existing boilers
− Replacing existing boilers with new natural gas boilers
− Converting existing boilers for operation on natural gas
− Replacing existing boiler with a natural gas fueled
combustion turbine CHP system
CHP Analysis
12. 12icfi.com |
CHP Analysis
XYZ Papers
Boiler Unit Data:
Unit Type
Total Capacity
(MMBtu/hr) Primary Fuel
Hours of
Operation Year Installed
Emissions
Control
Technology
Stoker/Sloped Grate Boiler 156 Coal 8400 1960 ESP
Stoker/Sloped Grate Boiler 245 Coal 8539 1968 ESP
Total Coal Capacity: 401 Max Hours 8539
Compliance Control Requirements:
Fabric Filter TCI = $0
Electrostatics Precipitator TCI = $0
Scrubber TCI = $0
Dry Sorbent Injection followed by a Fabric Filter (DIFF) TCI = $17,895,905
CO Oxidation Catalyst TCI = $12,954
Boiler Tune-up TCI = $12,954
Total Capital Cost of Controls = $17,921,813
Total Annual Operating Costs of Controls = $3,111,550
Fuel Switching Alternative Compliance Option:
Boiler Conversion to Natural Gas Costs $6,621,935
Coal Boiler Replacement Cost $14,560,413
Natural Gas Access Cost (if gas is not available at the site) $390,720
Coal Boiler Decommissioning Cost $8,767,111
Total Fuel Switching TCI = $14,560,413
13. 13icfi.com |
CHP Analysis
Comparative Cost of Compliance Options
Upgrade Coal
Boilers
Boiler
Replacement:
New Natural
Gas Boilers
Boiler
Conversion:
Natural Gas
Burners and
Controls
Natural Gas
CHP
Boiler Capacity, MMBtu/hr input 401.0 401.0 401.0 NA
Avg Steam Demand, MMBtu/hr 248.6 248.6 248.6 248.6
Boiler Efficiency 78% 80% 70% NA
CHP Capacity, MW 0 0 0 17
CHP Electric Efficiency NA NA NA 34%
Fuel Use, MMBtu/year 2,721,964 2,653,915 3,033,046 3,463,714
Annual Fuel Cost $6,532,714 $13,269,575 $15,165,228 $17,318,568
Annual O&MCost $4,082,946 $1,778,123 $2,032,141 $2,794,264
Annual Compliance O&M $3,111,550 NA NA NA
Annual Electric Savings ($8,492,036)
Annual Steam Operating Costs $13,727,210 $15,047,697 $17,197,369 $11,620,796
Annual Operating Savings (coal
compliance) $2,106,413
Annual Operating Savings (gas
boiler) $3,426,901
Based on: Coal Price: 2.40 $/MMBtu
Natural Gas Price: 5.00 $/MMBtu
Electricity Price: 0.065 $/kWh
14. 14icfi.com |
CHP Analysis Annual Steam Operating Costs $13,727,210 $15,047,697 $17,197,369 $11,620,796
Annual Operating Savings (coal
compliance) $2,106,413
Annual Operating Savings (gas
boiler) $3,426,901
Capital Costs $17,921,813 $14,560,413 $6,621,935 $26,747,867
CHP Incremental costs
(coal compliance)
CHP Payback
(coal compliance) 4.2
CHP Incremental costs
(gas boiler)
CHP Payback
(gas boiler) 3.6
Cash Flow Projections
Upgrade Coal
Boilers
New Natural
Gas Boilers
Boiler
Conversion to
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
CHP
Capital Costs $17,921,813 $14,560,413 $6,621,935 $26,747,867
5 YR Annual Fuel Cost $34,683,064 $70,449,973 $80,514,255 $91,946,629
5 YR Annual O&MCost $21,676,915 $9,440,296 $10,788,910 $14,835,127
5 YR Annual Compliance O&M $16,519,642 $0 $0 $0
5 YR Annual Electric Savings $0 $0 $0 ($45,085,370)
5 YR Net Cash Flow (Output) $90,801,433 $94,450,682 $97,925,100 $88,444,253
Capital Costs $17,921,813 $14,560,413 $6,621,935 $26,747,867
10 YR Annual Fuel Cost $74,890,240 $152,120,801 $173,852,344 $198,537,972
10 YR Annual O&MCost $46,806,400 $20,384,187 $23,296,214 $32,033,105
10 YR Annual Compliance O&M $35,670,434 $0 $0 $0
10 YR Annual Electric Savings $0 $0 $0 ($97,351,670)
10 YR Net Cash Flow (Output) $175,288,887 $187,065,401 $203,770,493 $159,967,273
10 YR IRR - Natural Gas CHP vs Coal Compliance Baseline Case 23%
$5,158,141
$8,826,054
$12,187,454
10 Yr NPV - Natural Gas CHP vs Coal Compliance Baseline Case
15. 15icfi.com |
DOE Boiler MACT Technical Assistance Program (Decision Tree
Analysis):
http://www.1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/distributedenergy/boilermact.html
DOE Technical Assistance
Contact us at:
Decision Tree Analysis
16. 16icfi.com |
Boiler MACT Sites in Alabama
Fuel Type # Boilers Capacity (MMBTu/hr)
Coal 16 6,347
Heavy Oil 10 1,483
Light Oil 3 704
Process Gas 4 480
Biomass 49 13,823
Total 82 22,836
Total Affected
Sites
41
Paper
Chemicals
Nonmetallic Minerals
17. 17icfi.com |
Boiler MACT Sites in Arkansas
Fuel Type # Boilers Capacity (MMBTu/hr)
Coal 3 471
Heavy Oil 2 1,079
Light Oil 0 0
Process Gas 0 0
Biomass 52 7,014
Total 57 8,564
Total Affected
Sites
30
Paper
Nonmetallic Minerals
18. 18icfi.com |
Boiler MACT Sites in Iowa
Fuel Type # Boilers Capacity (MMBTu/hr)
Coal 39 14,641
Heavy Oil 3 145
Light Oil 5 432
Process Gas 0 0
Biomass 7 709
Total 54 15,927
Total Affected
Sites
22
Food Processing
Universities
Fabricated Metals
19. 19icfi.com |
Boiler MACT Sites in Illinois
Fuel Type # Boilers Capacity (MMBTu/hr)
Coal 36 9,478
Heavy Oil 2 178
Light Oil 7 584
Process Gas 13 1,199
Biomass 1 18
Total 59 11,458
Total Affected
Sites
25
Food Processing
Chemicals
Machinery
20. 20icfi.com |
Boiler MACT Sites in Tennessee
Fuel Type # Boilers Capacity (MMBTu/hr)
Coal 39 11,811
Heavy Oil 7 693
Light Oil 12 270
Process Gas 0 0
Biomass 15 2,273
Total 73 15,046
Total Affected
Sites
26
Paper
Government Facilities
Universities
21. 21icfi.com |
Texas Permitting Options
Texas has three permitting routes for CHP –
Standard Permit – applies to most EGUs
Permit by Rule (PBR) – only applies to
natural gas CHP systems
Case-by-Case – applies to systems not
eligible under the 1st two options
22. 22icfi.com |
Texas Standard Permit
Issued in 2001, revised in 2007
Defined permitting procedure for CHP and other
EGUs
Includes output-based NOx limits
o No size constraints
o Separate limits for East and West Texas
Must use either:
o Natural gas
o Landfill gas, digester gas, stranded oilfield gas
o Liquid fuels
23. 23icfi.com |
Texas Standard Permit
Allows for CHP thermal credit:
o Provides a compliance credit based on a rate of 1
MWh for each 3.4 MMBtu of heat recovered(added
to denominator of lbs/MWh emissions rate).
o To receive compliance credit, the heat recovered
must be > 20% of the total energy output of the
CHP unit
o The SP can be accessed at:
http://www.tceq.texas.gov/assets/public/permitting/air/NewSourceR
eview/Combustion/egu_techsum_sp.pdf
24. 24icfi.com |
Texas Permit by Rule (PBR)
Issued in July 2012
Expedited permit option for CHP systems fueled by
“pipeline-quality” natural gas
o Emergency fuels (propane, LPG, diesel, etc.) may be
used for no more than 720 hours in any 365 day period
CHP systems < 20 kW are exempt from permitting
requirements
Individual CHP system or any group of units may not
exceed 15 MW in capacity
CHP systems from 8 to 15 MW must install an oxidation
catalyst
No supplemental firing (gas turbines)
25. 25icfi.com |
Texas Permit by Rule (PBR)
PBR output-based NOx limits are generally less
stringent than those in the standard permit; CO limits
also apply
Recovered heat must be > 20% of the total heat energy
output to qualify
o Total heat energy output is “fuel in” minus “power out”
CHP thermal credit same as under the standard permit
o 1 MWh for each 3.4 MMBtu of heat recovered
The PBR can be accessed at:
http://info.sos.state.tx.us/pls/pub/readtac$ext.TacPage?sl=R&app=9&p_dir=&p
_rloc=&p_tloc=&p_ploc=&pg=1&p_tac=&ti=30&pt=1&ch=106&rl=513
26. 26icfi.com |
PBR M&V Requirements
Reciprocating engine (ICE) > 20kW – analyze emissions
within 180 days with portable analyzer; ongoing
monitoring every 6 months
If CHP unit not certified by manufacturer, tested within
90 days of startup; Gas turbines and ICE > 375kW
retest every 16,000 hours
If oxidation catalyst required, tested within 90 days and
retest every 16,000 hours
Records need to be kept for 2 years – non compliance
events, maintenance, and emergency fuel hours.
27. 27icfi.com |
Texas NOx Limits
Operating > 300 hrs/yr 0.47
Operating < 300 hrs/yr 1.65
Operating > 300 hrs/yr with a
capacity > 250 kW
0.14
Operating < 300 hrs/yr 0.47
Any unit with a capacity < 250 kW 0.47
Operating > 300 hrs/yr 3.11
Operating < 300 hrs/yr 21
Operating > 300 hrs/yr 0.14
Operating < 300 hrs/yr 0.38
EGUs firing any
gaseous or liquid
fuel with at least
75% landfill gas,
digester gas,
stranded oilfield
gas, or gaseous or
liquid renewable
fuel by volume
(*Except in West
Texas)
On or after
5/16/2007
N.A. 1.9
CHP units powered
by pipeline quality
natural gas-fired
engines and turbines.
Applies to an
individual unit or
group of units up to
15 MW.
20 kW to 8
MW
1.0
Installed prior to
1/1/2005
Installed on or
after 1/1/2005
East Texas
< 10 MW
West Texas
< 10 MW
On or after
5/16/2007
On or after
5/16/2007
Units > 10 MW
> 8 MW to <
15 MW
(Must have an
oxidation
catalyst)
0.7
EGU NOx limits -
applies to units
installed on or
after 5/16/2007.
Units are limited to
the use of the
following fuels: 1)
natural gas, 2)
landfill gas,
digester gas,
stranded oilfield
gas, or gaseous
renewable fuel, or
3) liquid fuels not
containing waste
oils or solvents
Standard Permit NOx limits Permit by Rule (PBR) NOx limits