Shape-memory polymers are smart materials that have the ability to return from a deformed state to their original shape induced by an external stimulus, such as temperature change.
The fabrication methodology of a composite part depends mainly on three factors:
(i) the characteristics of matrices and reinforcements,
(ii) the shapes, sizes and engineering details of products, and
(iii) end uses.
The composite products are too many and cover a very wide domain of applications ranging from an engine valve to an aircraft wing.
The fabrication technique varies from one product to the other.
Shape Memory Polymers (SMPs) - Theory, Properties and ApplicationsNithin Thomas
The presentation deals with a basic overview regarding the Theory, Properties and Applications of Shape-memory Polymers (SMPs).
It also discusses concepts such as Shape memory effect, Programming of Polymers and Practical applications of SMPs.
Shape-memory polymers are smart materials that have the ability to return from a deformed state to their original shape induced by an external stimulus, such as temperature change.
The fabrication methodology of a composite part depends mainly on three factors:
(i) the characteristics of matrices and reinforcements,
(ii) the shapes, sizes and engineering details of products, and
(iii) end uses.
The composite products are too many and cover a very wide domain of applications ranging from an engine valve to an aircraft wing.
The fabrication technique varies from one product to the other.
Shape Memory Polymers (SMPs) - Theory, Properties and ApplicationsNithin Thomas
The presentation deals with a basic overview regarding the Theory, Properties and Applications of Shape-memory Polymers (SMPs).
It also discusses concepts such as Shape memory effect, Programming of Polymers and Practical applications of SMPs.
Advanced Optical Materials was issued as a section of Advanced Materials in 2012 and launched as an individual journal under the same name in 2013. Publishing formats for the section of Advanced Materials were three or four page (short) communications, detailed full papers, and reviews. The stated purpose of this section was to communicate significant discoveries which advance the fields of photonics, plasmonics, and metamaterials. Fundamental research is also covered.....
Composite Materials are widely used in day today life and as well as in automotive and aerospace industry which are monolithic composites.but most of the monolithic composites are not able to achieve required mechanical properties,so to achieve those mechanical properties Metal Matrix composites widely used in different sectors.some of Compiled information on MMC are presented in this presentation.
One can get full description of metallic glasses which contains history, preparation methods, effects on metallic glasses, properties and application part is also there with diagrams, tables and graphs
Advanced Optical Materials was issued as a section of Advanced Materials in 2012 and launched as an individual journal under the same name in 2013. Publishing formats for the section of Advanced Materials were three or four page (short) communications, detailed full papers, and reviews. The stated purpose of this section was to communicate significant discoveries which advance the fields of photonics, plasmonics, and metamaterials. Fundamental research is also covered.....
Composite Materials are widely used in day today life and as well as in automotive and aerospace industry which are monolithic composites.but most of the monolithic composites are not able to achieve required mechanical properties,so to achieve those mechanical properties Metal Matrix composites widely used in different sectors.some of Compiled information on MMC are presented in this presentation.
One can get full description of metallic glasses which contains history, preparation methods, effects on metallic glasses, properties and application part is also there with diagrams, tables and graphs
Highlights:
* Describes the type and composition of medium voltage electrical power cables.
* Discusses various effects and processes that can cause ageing.
* Agrees that assessment of cable condition is a major challenge.
* Analyses the phenomenon of water tree ageing.
Modern underground power cables are sophisticated assemblies of insulators, conductors and protective materials. Within these components are sensors, which enable cable operators to monitor conditions along the cable in real time.
The condition of the cable insulation is usually monitored through the following two main methods:
Loss tangent measurements
Partial discharge (PD) measurements
A LITERATURE SURVEY ON ELECTROMAGNETIC SHIELDINGIJEEE
EMI (electromagnetic interference) is the disruption of operation of an electronic device when it is in the vicinity of an electromagnetic field (EM field) in the radio frequency (RF) spectrum that is caused by another electronic device. It is a disturbance that affects an electrical circuit due to either electromagnetic induction or electromagnetic radiation emitted from an external source. The disturbance may interrupt, obstruct, or otherwise degrade or limit the effective performance of the circuit. Here we study about the shielding theory so as to reduce the effects of EMI.
The Evolution Of An Electronic Materialdavekellerman
This presentation displays a development effort that took several years. The achieved goal was attained: a complete materials system that may be used to fabricate substrates for high speed and microwave single and multichip semiconductor substrates and packages
Synthesis of (Poly-methyl Methacrylate-lead Oxide) Nanocomposites and Studyin...journalBEEI
Piezoelectric materials have been prepared from (poly-methyl methacrylate-lead oxide) nanocomposites for electronic applications. The lead oxide nanoparticles were added to poly-methyl methacrylate by different concentrations are (4, 8, and 12) wt%. The structural and dielectric properties of nanocomposites were studied. The results showed that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of nanocomposites decrease with increase in frequency of applied electric field. The A.C electrical conductivity increases with increase in frequency. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss and A.C electrical conductivity of poly-methyl methacrylate increase with increase in lead oxide nanoparticles concentrations. The results of pressure sensor showed that the electrical resistance of (PMMA-PbO2) nanocomposites decreases with increase in pressure.
22 9752 cable paper id 0022 edit septianIAESIJEECS
Cross-linked Polyethylene (XLPE) has been used as the insulation for polymeric power cables for its superior advantages. This type of cable insulation are famously known and used for their good dielectric properties, mechanical properties, thermal properties, and probability to be utilized at high temperature. This study is of four (4) parts; designing suitable method for cable test, accelerated testing procedures applied to XLPE insulation for high voltage cables, online partial discharge determination, and aging test. To study the insulation durability to AC high voltage operation, the breakdown strength and aging were investigated under different setting of temperature. The breakdown voltages of XLPE were measured at different temperatures of 300C, 500C and finally at 700C. Lastly, the aging effect of cable insulation was observed by conducting the AC breakdown voltage test after the aging process. Results showed that the breakdown voltage and aging of XLPE cables will decrease with increase of temperature setting.
The basis for intelligent automation is communication. The increasing use of communication makes industry increasingly vulnerable for interference. This EMC lecture gives an insight on the disturbance mechanism based on real industrial cases and provides you solutions.
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Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
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This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
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5. • A PCB substrate must have good dielectric performance. That is, it must
insulate the conductive layers from one another by blocking electrical
conductivity, to minimize electrical signal loss, crosstalk between
conductive layers and noise.
• Technically, that translates into a low dielectric constant (Dk ≤3.7) and a
low dissipation factor (Df ≤0.005).
• The higher the Dk, the lower the speed of the electrical signal. Df is a
measure of the loss in dielectric property, in this case, the insulative
capability of the PCB’s composite substrate.
• Because signal loss and noise are exacerbated by heat, substrates must
contribute to thermal management as well.
6. • The majority of PCBs are made with E-glass/epoxy prepregs -- the
PCB industry's traditional workhorse material, designated "FR-4," is
an E-glass/epoxy material -- although other reinforcing fibers,
including aramid and quartz, are sometimes used for specialty
applications.
• Resin alternatives include vinyl ester and polyester, for commodity
boards, and cyanate ester, polyimide and bismaleimide triazine (BT)
for more demanding, elevated-temperature applications.
7. • The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of silicon memory chips
is 2.5 /°C
• CTE of a fiberglass laminate can range from 14 /°C to 24 /°C.
• An advantage of aramid as an alternative laminate substrate is its low
negative CTE, which reduces thermal stress, as well as its low
dielectric constant of 4, compared to 6.2 for E-glass.
8. 2. Electromagnetic shielding
• Electromagnetic shielding principle
The effect of electromagnetic shielding is to reduce the
electromagnetic field effect in a certain area (not including these
sources) generated by some radiation sources, and to effectively
control the harm caused by electromagnetic radiation from one area
to another.
9. RISK FROM EM RADIATION
• If human beings are exposed to the EM waves, the network of veins in
high risk organs such as eyes might be affected. This is due to heat
build-up in the eyes by the EM waves which could not be easily
dissipated.
• In order to avoid these hazards to human beings and to protect the
sensitive circuits from undesired EM radiation, EMI shielding is
essential.
10. Fig 3: Electromagnetic shielding mechanism
Fig 4: Componenets of an electromagnetic wave
11. • The principle of action is the use of low-resistance conductor material,
because the conductor material has a reflection and guiding effect on
electromagnetic energy flow and within the conductor material.
• It create the current and magnetic polarization which is opposite with the
source of electromagnetic field, thereby reduce the effect of radiation
source in electromagnetic field, normally it represented by shielding
effectiveness (SE).
• The shielding effectiveness refers to the ratio of the incident or reflection
electromagnetic waves without shielding to the reflection or transmission
of electromagnetic wave under shielding at the same location, that is,
shielding material to the attenuation value of electromagnetic signal, the
unit is (dB).
12. Conductive mechanism of composite
conductive polymer
• With the increase of the concentration of conductive filler, the conductivity of the
polymer increases slowly. When the concentration reaches a certain value, the
conductivity increases sharply, the polymer becomes a conductor, and the filler
concentration continues to increase but electro conductivity has not changed much.
• The conductivity filler concentration at which the conductivity changed abruptly is
called the 'diafiltration threshold'. So its conductive mechanism has two main theories:
one is the conductive channel theory; the other is the tunnel effect theory.
• The conductive channel mechanism plays a major role in the high concentration of
conductive filler, which means that when the content of the conductive filler reaches the
'diafiltration threshold', the conductive particles contact each other to form an infinite
network. The formation of conductive channels, carriers can freely move within the
system. Thereby making the composite conductive.
• The tunneling effect plays a major role in the low packing concentration, which means
that there is a certain spacing between the conductive particles. Electrons in the thermal
vibration under the action of migration form a conductive network. So that the
composite polymer becomes conductive.
14. • The low frequency signals can be arrested by means of reflection
whereas high frequency signals should be arrested by means of
absorption which needs much attention.
• Much research has been conducted to develop high frequency EM
absorbers by means of coating fillers with magnetic materials or
incorporation of magnetic materials in the polymer matrix.
15. • Materials with high absorption co-efficient could impart shielding
effectiveness of 80 dB for the frequency of 18 GHz electronic systems has
increased enormously in all the engineering and technology fields. The
advances in electronics reduces the component size and placing more
number of electrical parts in limited space reduces the system size and
increases the mobility.
• Placing more number of components in a very confined space builds the
problem of keeping the electromagnetic interference (EMI) of these
systems from interfering with other systems through radiation.
• Carbon-Carbon composites have good shield effectiveness of 124 dB in low
frequency range of 0.3Mhz to 1.2 Ghz, the dominant mode being
reflection.
16. 3. Electrical switching and insulation
Properties that composite materials have include :
• Dielectric strength
• High thermal conductivity
• Low electrical conductivity for insulation
• Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness
• Heat resistance
• Track resistance
• Low coefficient of thermal expansion
• Comparative Tracking Index (CTI) values exceeding 600 volts
• Durability to withstand repeated use without a decrease in performance
• Moisture resistance for safety and durability
• Sound baffling for quieter operation
17. • Paper-Phenolic Materials
Norplex-Micarta offers a variety of paper phenolic sheets. This cost-effective
line of products consists of multiple plies of various papers impregnated with
phenolic resins and laminated under heat and pressure to produce a thermoset
composite. Both papers and resins can be modified to change the finished
properties of the final laminate.
These products offer thermal, mechanical isolation, and thermal and electrical
insulation properties that meet or exceed those of most thermoplastic
materials. The properties and cost-effectiveness of these products often make
them the insulators of choice in low-voltage, dry-service electrical equipment.
18. • RTB326 - Epoxy Cotton/Linen Tube
Grade RTB326 is a tube made from a fine cotton fabric and an epoxy resin
system. It has low moisture absorption and excellent dimensional stability and
chemical resistance. Typical uses include bearing retainers and parts that
require excellent machining characteristics.
• NP509 - Melamine Glass Sheet
Woven glass fabric, melamine resin laminate. NP509 is very hard, flame
resistant, machining grade with excellent electrical properties in high
humidity conditions. NP509 has high physical strength and excellent arc
resistance. Meets MIL-I-24768/1 type GME, MIL-I-24768/8 type GMG and IEC
60893-3-3-MF GC 201.
19. • Paper-Epoxy Materials
These products consist of multiple plies of various papers impregnated with
specialty epoxy resin systems and laminated under heat and pressure to
produce a thermoset composite. Both papers and resins can be modified to
change the finished properties of the final product, and once cured, they will
not melt like most thermoplastics.
Thermoset epoxy composites are ideal for applications ranging from small
switch parts to insulating high voltage tap chargers in power transformers,
and other applications requiring electrical insulation properties.
20. • P95TDB-Glass/polyimide
P95 consists of woven glass fabric with polyimide resin. The product is
engineered to maintain excellent physical properties at 240°C, making it
suitable for high temperature applications. It offers a low coefficient of
thermal expansion, as well as high mechanical strength and consistent quality.
It can be used for structural components, thermal insulators, PCB manufacture
and assembly, and high temperature gaskets in petrochemical plants and other
applications requiring excellent compressive strength, low moisture
absorption, and excellent chemical resistance.
21. Applications in the Electrical Industry
• The unique properties of thermoset composites make the materials ideally suited to the
rigors of use in the electrical industry.
• Phenolic-matrix and melamine composites are used in many electronics including printed
circuit boards, gears, and insulators. Insulation, circuit boards, and components requiring
a high resistance to heat will often be made from a silicone-based composite.
Additional applications include:
• Control system components
• Circuit breakers
• Arc chutes
• Arc shields
• Terminal blocks and boards
• Substation equipment
• Microwave antennas
• Standoff insulators
• Pole line hardware
• Printed wiring boards
• Switchgear
• Panelboards
• Server rooms
• Metering devices
• Lighting components
22. 4. Wearable electronics
• Graphene/CNT polymer composites are widely being used to make
wearable electronics.
• Silver nanofillers in elastomer composite used in wearables.
Fig 6: Textile integrated with electronics
25. 5. Electronic sensors
• Carbon black polymer odour and flavour sensors for detecting
vapours. Used for environmental monitoring to check air quality,
crime prevention such as bomb detection, quality control.
Reinforcing phase: Dispersed carbon black particles
(conc. 2 to 8% by wt.)
Reinforcing medium : Polymers ( usually
Polystyrene )
26. 6. Batteries
• Intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions.
• Battery capacity: 350mAH/g
• Specific energy with the use of composites : 200-250 Wh/g
• Dependence of specific energy on electrical conductivity of anode
material, volume of electrode, microstructure etc.
30. 8. Lightning harvester
• GC ltd. plans to adapt the high strength-to-weight characteristics of
Graphene based composite technology to manufacture ultra-long
cables - of circa 8 miles in length. These ultra-long cables would have
a highly-conductive coating of graphene - effectively making them
lightning rods which can reach up into the clouds !!
• Clouds contain a massive amount of energy, in the form of static
electricity, or the difference in voltage between the bottom of a cloud
and the ground. Lightning occurs when this voltage difference builds
up to such an extent that electricity leaps across this gap.
31. • GC ltd. believes it could also collect electrical energy from clouds. The
highly-conductive graphene coating on a GC composite cable (held
aloft by weather balloons) would be, by far, the path of least
resistance for electricity to travel along. As Electricity flows - even the
extremely large bursts from lightning strikes - would travel down the
graphene-coated cable into a super-capacitor array, which could
then release electricity into the power grid in a controlled way.
• Preliminary estimates indicate that if this design were to work, GC
Lightning Harvesters could be deployed at a lower cost than with
nearly every other form of electrical power generation - and, crucially,
it would be based on an infinitely renewable energy source, i.e.
clouds.