Magnetorheological fluids are smart fluids that can change their viscosity and flow properties when exposed to a magnetic field. In the absence of a magnetic field, MR fluids flow freely like a liquid. But when a magnetic field is applied, the iron particles inside the fluid align and form chain-like structures, causing the fluid to rapidly increase in viscosity and take on solid-like properties. MR fluids have applications in dampers, polishing, and other areas where quick control of viscosity is needed. They are made by mixing iron particles into a carrier fluid along with additives like silicone oil, and have properties that make them useful for applications requiring semi-active control of rheological behavior.
Magnetorheological (MR) fluids consist of stable suspensions of magnetic particles in a carrying fluid. Magnetorheological effect is one of the direct influences on the mechanical properties of a fluid. It represents a reversible increase, due to an external magnetic field of effective viscosity. MR fluids and devices have the potential to revolutionize the design of hydraulic systems, actuators, valves, active shock and vibration dampers, and other components used in mechanical systems. At present, there is a compelling need to develop new and improved MR fluids, to lower their production cost through improved manufacturing processes, and to develop MR fluid-based application devices that will demonstrate the engineering feasibility of the MR fluids concept and will highlight the implementation challenges.
Magnetorheological (MR) fluids consist of stable suspensions of magnetic particles in a carrying fluid. Magnetorheological effect is one of the direct influences on the mechanical properties of a fluid. It represents a reversible increase, due to an external magnetic field of effective viscosity. MR fluids and devices have the potential to revolutionize the design of hydraulic systems, actuators, valves, active shock and vibration dampers, and other components used in mechanical systems. At present, there is a compelling need to develop new and improved MR fluids, to lower their production cost through improved manufacturing processes, and to develop MR fluid-based application devices that will demonstrate the engineering feasibility of the MR fluids concept and will highlight the implementation challenges.
Smart Materials ppt, Smart or intelligent materials are materials that have to respond to stimuli and environmental changes, Detailed Engineering Project Research on Smart Materials, smart and composite materials, smart materials in construction, smart materials in engineering, its about smart or say intelligent materials
Shape Memory Alloy is one type of Smart Material.It can Remember its Original Shape.It has 2 way memory,i.e:- it can Remember 2 Shape,one in Low temperature and other in high temperature.
Design and Testing of Magneto Rheological Damper for Vehicle SuspensionNagesh NARASIMHA PRASAD
Conventional suspension systems have been ruling the automobile industry since ages but with the advancement in material technology it has led us to a new kind of suspension systems known as Active Suspension systems which involves smart materials like Magneto Rheological Fluids (MR), Electro Rheological Fluids (ER) etc. In present day conventional suspension system, we have a coiled spring setup with a simple damper filled with oil in motorcycles which are passive in nature. But off late in 21st century the development of smart materials bought in new dimensions of research in the suspension technology which has led to the era of active suspension systems. Now we can see usage of Semi Active Suspension/Active suspension system in cars and heavy vehicles which enhances the life of automobile, ride comfort and drive control. Though these systems have been developed for high end cars and military vehicles, the implementation of this technology to motorcycles has been a topic of research interest to various motorcycle industries.
We hence designed and machined an Magneto-Rheological Damper to Motorcycles, this system senses the irregularities of the road with various sensors and tries to stiffen and soften the suspension system in motorcycles in turn providing safe and snuggly ride with increased control during rough terrain. Thereby with this suggested concept an alternative design consideration of suspension systems has been offered.
Advances in magnetic material, control have contributed to the realization of completely non-contacting relating systems employing magnetic bearings to eliminate the last remaining wear out prone element. Current efforts are being directed more towards reducing the size, weight and complexity of these devices to achieve complete acceptance.The AMB technology has been briefly reviewed including its advantages, components, working principles, cost and performance. Some design and Implementation issues have been also discussed.
The taking into consideration the above advantages, the adoption of magnetic bearings in industry will be more economical, efficient and environment friendly compared to the conventional bearings. The authors believe that AMB systems are still relatively more expensive than conventional mechanical bearings; therefore the massive used of AMB in industries is still prohibitive despite of the many benefits offered. The AMBs will still not completely replace conventional bearings in rotating machinery in the near future. However, AMB can find its place well in a limited volume of high performance rotating machines.
Nano Material
Introduction and Synthesis
Nanomaterials describe, in principle, materials of which a single unit is sized (in at least one dimension) between 1 and 1000 nanometres (10−9 meter) but is usually 1—100 nm (the usual definition of nanoscale[1]).
Nanomaterials research takes a materials science-based approach to nanotechnology, leveraging advances in materials metrology and synthesis which have been developed in support of microfabrication research. Materials with structure at the nanoscale often have unique optical, electronic, or mechanical properties.
Nanomaterials are slowly becoming commercialized[2] and beginning to emerge as commodities.[3]
Smart Materials ppt, Smart or intelligent materials are materials that have to respond to stimuli and environmental changes, Detailed Engineering Project Research on Smart Materials, smart and composite materials, smart materials in construction, smart materials in engineering, its about smart or say intelligent materials
Shape Memory Alloy is one type of Smart Material.It can Remember its Original Shape.It has 2 way memory,i.e:- it can Remember 2 Shape,one in Low temperature and other in high temperature.
Design and Testing of Magneto Rheological Damper for Vehicle SuspensionNagesh NARASIMHA PRASAD
Conventional suspension systems have been ruling the automobile industry since ages but with the advancement in material technology it has led us to a new kind of suspension systems known as Active Suspension systems which involves smart materials like Magneto Rheological Fluids (MR), Electro Rheological Fluids (ER) etc. In present day conventional suspension system, we have a coiled spring setup with a simple damper filled with oil in motorcycles which are passive in nature. But off late in 21st century the development of smart materials bought in new dimensions of research in the suspension technology which has led to the era of active suspension systems. Now we can see usage of Semi Active Suspension/Active suspension system in cars and heavy vehicles which enhances the life of automobile, ride comfort and drive control. Though these systems have been developed for high end cars and military vehicles, the implementation of this technology to motorcycles has been a topic of research interest to various motorcycle industries.
We hence designed and machined an Magneto-Rheological Damper to Motorcycles, this system senses the irregularities of the road with various sensors and tries to stiffen and soften the suspension system in motorcycles in turn providing safe and snuggly ride with increased control during rough terrain. Thereby with this suggested concept an alternative design consideration of suspension systems has been offered.
Advances in magnetic material, control have contributed to the realization of completely non-contacting relating systems employing magnetic bearings to eliminate the last remaining wear out prone element. Current efforts are being directed more towards reducing the size, weight and complexity of these devices to achieve complete acceptance.The AMB technology has been briefly reviewed including its advantages, components, working principles, cost and performance. Some design and Implementation issues have been also discussed.
The taking into consideration the above advantages, the adoption of magnetic bearings in industry will be more economical, efficient and environment friendly compared to the conventional bearings. The authors believe that AMB systems are still relatively more expensive than conventional mechanical bearings; therefore the massive used of AMB in industries is still prohibitive despite of the many benefits offered. The AMBs will still not completely replace conventional bearings in rotating machinery in the near future. However, AMB can find its place well in a limited volume of high performance rotating machines.
Nano Material
Introduction and Synthesis
Nanomaterials describe, in principle, materials of which a single unit is sized (in at least one dimension) between 1 and 1000 nanometres (10−9 meter) but is usually 1—100 nm (the usual definition of nanoscale[1]).
Nanomaterials research takes a materials science-based approach to nanotechnology, leveraging advances in materials metrology and synthesis which have been developed in support of microfabrication research. Materials with structure at the nanoscale often have unique optical, electronic, or mechanical properties.
Nanomaterials are slowly becoming commercialized[2] and beginning to emerge as commodities.[3]
On-state Torque Optimization for Synthesized MR FluidIJERA Editor
Magneto-Rheological (MR) fluids are the suspension of magnetizable particles in a carrier fluids and their
rheological properties viscosity etc. can be changed by varying the magnetic field applied to it. Due to such
variable characteristics, these MR fluids find wide application in various automotive industries devices e.g. MR
brakes and MR clutches etc. In MR brakes, the MR fluids generate a resisting torque (between housing and
rotor) within milliseconds on the application of magnetic field. In the present work, the optimal values of MR
fluid constituents is obtain which give the high values of on-state torque. For this, 18 samples of MR fluids are
prepared and their compositions are selected using L-18 orthogonal array. Further, an experimental approach is
used to determine and validate the torque generated by the MR fluid samples. For this purpose, experimental
setup is designed and fabricated in-house. ANOVA is used to statistically analyze the significant factors which
affect the on-state torque which in-turn gives the optimal composition of MR fluid. For this optimal composition,
on-state torque of the MR fluid sample came out to be 0.887587 N-m.
Introduction to Magneto-Rheological Fluid Technology & Its Applicationijiert bestjournal
Magnetorheological (MR) fluid damper are semi active control device that have been applied
a wide range of practical vibration control application. In this study, the methodology adopted
to get a control structure is based on the experimental results. An Experiment has been
conducted to establish the behaviour of the MR damper. In this paper, the behaviour of MR
damper is studied and used in implementing vibration control. The force displacement and
force‐velocity response with varying current has been established for the MR damper. In this
paper we investigated theoretically at fabricated Magnetorheological damper by using
Magnetorheological fluid. Here MR fluid developed first by mixing of prepared nano size
(fe3o4) iron particle by co precipitation method. And a comparative study had done between
these iron particles prepared MR fluid. Here an experimental performed on fabricated MR
damper and discussed the behaviour of MR damper.
ONE-STEP PROCESS FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL FABRICATION chrisrobschu
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are electrochemical devices that convert the chemical energy of a fuel to electrical energy. They offer clean, efficient, and reliable power and they can be operated using a variety of fuels. There are two major obstacles for commercializing the SOFC technology: reducing processing cost and increasing operating lifetime. The cost reduction necessary for commercialization of SOFC technology will not be met by optimization alone. Mass production techniques must be developed for SOFCs to be competitive with current power generating devices. The current cost goal of $400 / kW can only be met by improved processing techniques. Hot pressing as was investigated at Boston University as a novel processing technique to fabricate the planar SOFC in a single step. By removing multiple batch processing steps and simplifying the manufacturing process, considerable cost reduction can be achieved over current manufacturing processes. Additionally, the flexibility of hot pressing can improve interfacial contact and functionally grade interfaces to reduce polarization losses. Finally, by optimizing the process, the processing time and cost can be greatly reduced.
Fundamental knowledge related to ceramic processing, sintering, and hot pressing to successfully hot press a single operational SOFC in one step has been developed. Ceramic powder processing for each of the components of an SOFC has been tailored towards this goal. Processing parameters for the electrolyte and cathode were investigated and optimized to attain convergence. Several anode fabrication techniques were investigated and a novel anode structure was developed and refined. Based on these results single SOFC cells were fabricated in one step.
BU_MS_Thesis_Schumacher_Jan2003
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
1. SMART MATERIALS : MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS
DONE BY:
GIRISH RAGHUNATHAN
1
Rashtriya Shiksha Samithi Trust, Bengaluru-560059
RV College of Engineering
M.Tech in Machine Design
PHYSICS OF MATERIALS
ASSIGNMENT 18PHY2G09
on
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF : Dr.G Shireesha
04-07-2019
2. OUTLINE
• INTRODUCTION
• OPERATING PRINCIPLE AND MODES
• FLOW BEHAVIOUR
• CONSTITUENTS AND PREPARATION OF MR FLUIDS
• APPLICATIONS
• REFERENCES
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3. INTRODUCTION
• Smart Materials are defined as materials that possess ability to change
their physical properties in a specific manner in response to specific
stimulus input. Are capable of sensing and actuating with quick
controllable response.
• Inputs may be heat, magnetic /electric field, light, pressure etc.
• The output may be change in shape, stiffness, current, voltage, viscosity,
conductivity etc.
• Examples of Smart materials are Piezoelectric crystals, shape memory
alloys, electrorheological fluids, magnetorheological fluids etc.
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4. INTRODUCTION
• Magnetorheological fluid (MR Fluid) is a smart fluid that is field responsive and
is capable of changing its rheological properties on application of magnetic
field.
• MR fluid is a free-flowing liquid in the absence of a magnetic field while its
viscosity increases on application of magnetic field.
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Fig. 1. Magnetorheological fluid. a) Before magnetization b) After Magnetization
5. Working Principle
• MR fluid is a smart fluid whose properties can be controlled in the presence of magnetic
field.
• In the absence of magnetic field the MR fluid behaves like a Newtonian fluid and has
nearly the same characteristics as the carrier or base fluid.
Fig. 2. Without the presence of magnetic field
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6. • In the presence of magnetic field, the microscopic particles align themselves along the lines of
magnetic flux.
• A chain like structure is formed along the line of magnetic flux which offers mechanical
resistance to the flow resulting in an increase in the viscosity of fluid.
Fig. 3 With the magnetic field
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11. PREPARATION OF MR FLUID
• Following are the steps for preparation of MR fluid.
1. First the required quantity of low viscosity carrier fluid and additives are taken in a beaker
mixed thoroughly using a stirrer.
2. After that iron particles of about 50 micron size are added to the above mixture and again
stirred well with the help of stirrer for a duration of 24 hours .
3. The preparation is termed fine if the particles do not sediment after leaving the solution
undisturbed for some time.
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12. PROPERTIES OF MR FLUIDS
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Table 2 General Properties of MR FLuid
13. ADVANTAGES & LIMITATIONS
• Advantages:
• Semi active control is possible.
• Easy to control.
• Quick response and stable.
• Disadvantages:
• High quality fluids are expensive.
• Subjected to thickening after prolonged use and needs replacing.
• Settling of Ferro-particles can be a problem for some application.
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18. 04-07-2019 18
Fig.15 Variation of normal and tangential force with CIP
concentration and working gap
Fig.16 Variation of normal and tangential force with
abrasive concentration
22. REFERENCES
• J. D. Carlson and M. R. Jolly, Mechatronics 10, 555 350 (2000).
• M. R. Jolly, J. W. Bender, and J. D. Carlson, J. Intel. 356 Mat. Syst. Str. 10, 5 (1999).
• Grezegorz Slowinski, Tadevz Niezgod, Damuta Miedzinska Roman Gieleta, 2010, “Influence of volume fraction
of carbonyl iron particles on the mechanical properties of the magnetorheological elastomers”, Journal of
KONES Powertrain and Transport, Vol. 17, No. 3
• MUHAMMAD Aslam., YAO Xiong-liang., and DENG Zhong-Chao., September 2006, “Review of
Magnetorheological (MR) Fluids and its Applications in vibration control”, Journal of Marine Science and
Application, Vol.5, No.3, PP:17-29.
• Suryawanshi Ravishankar, Rayappa Mahale, “A study on magneto rheological fluids and their applications”,
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume: 02 Issue: 04, July-2015.
• Jain, V.K., (2009), “Magnetic field assisted abrasive based micro-/nanofinishing”,Journal of Materials
Processing Technology, Vol. 209, 6022–6038.
• Wang, A.C., Tsai, L., Liu, C.H., Liang, K.Z., and Lee, S.J., (2011),“Elucidating the Optimal Parameters in
Magnetic Finishing with Gel Abrasive”, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, Vol. 26, No.5, 786-791
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