Automated testing of web applications involves using a software tool to run repetitive tests on a system under test (SUT) using predefined test cases. Some key advantages of automated testing include being cheaper and more efficient than manual testing, allowing tests to be run 24/7 and at a higher speed and coverage than human testers. Selenium is a popular open-source tool for automating tests of web applications that allows controlling different browsers across operating systems using various programming languages. It includes components like Selenium IDE for recording and editing tests, Selenium Grid for parallel testing, and Selenium WebDriver for programmatically controlling browsers. TestNG is a common framework for organizing and running automated tests that produces reports and allows features like parallel testing and parameterization.

1. AUTOMATED TESTING
OF
WEB APPLICATIONS
SAMUEL BORG

2. AUTOMATED TESTING
• Most software applications today are web-based applications running on a
web browser
• Test automation means using a software tool to run repetitive tests using
different, pre-defined test cases on the system under test (SUT)
• Advantages:
• Cheaper and Efficient
• Although developing automation may take time, the code can be executed for unlimited amount
of times
• Speed of execution and percentage of test coverage is better than that of a human tester
• Running tests 24/7
• Tests can be scheduled to run over night to return results in the morning

3. ADVANTAGES OF AUTOMATED TESTING
• Reusability
• No need redo all the steps or change the code every time
• In some cases, it is independent of the OS or browser
• Same test can be used for other applications / scenarios of same application
• Multilingual applications
• Consistency
• Since it is not prone to human-error
• All screens/features are not ignored
• Volume
• Run on thousands of devices/platforms simultaneously
• Perform unlimited amount of test cases
• Example: Creating thousands of users, each with different parameters

4. LIMITATIONS OF AUTOMATED TESTING
Manual Testing may be more appropriate if:
• User Interface is prone to change constantly in the near
future
• Any automation would need to be rewritten anyway
• Time Restriction
• Automation scripting takes time
• If project is within a tight deadline, and there is no test automation
available then the priority is to get testing done rather than automating it
and carrying it out repeatedly
• Exploratory Testing
• Need to creative use of the application

5. https://youtu.be/RbSlW8jZFe8?t=5s

6. LET’S NARROW IT
DOWN A LITTLE…

7. SELENIUM
• A software testing framework for web
applications
• Suite of tools used to automate
• many web browsers
• across different operating systems
• controlled by many programming
languages and testing frameworks
• Open-source
• Free to use

8. SELENIUM
Selenium
Grid
Selenium
WebDrive
r
Selenium
Remote
Control
Selenium
IDE

9. SELENIUM IDE
Selenium
IDE
• An Integrated Development environment for Selenium
tests
• A Firefox Add-On for Firefox 2.0+
• Allows recording, editing, monitoring and debugging tests
• Records and processes commands automatically, supports
manual editing complete with support for auto completion
and moving around

10. SELENIUM IDE
Selenium
IDE
DEMO

11. SELENIUM GRID
Selenium
Grid
• Runs multiple tests on different machines using
different browsers in parallel
• Two reasons to opt for Selenium Grid:
1. To run your cross-browser compatibility tests
against multiple browsers, multiple versions
of browser, and browsers running on different
operating systems.
2. To reduce the time it takes for the test suite to
complete a test pass
One same test case for 100 different
environments

12. SELENIUM REMOTE CONTROL
Selenium
Remote
Control
• A client/server system written in
Java
• Accepts commands via HTTP for
the browser
• There are client libraries to write in
any language from PHP, Python,
Ruby, .NET, Perl and Java.
• Thanks to a test domain-
specific language, Selenese

13. Selenium
Grid
Selenium
Remote
Control

14. SELENIUM WEB DRIVER
Selenium
WebDrive
r
• Accepts commands (in Selenese or via Client API)
and processes them to automate the browser
• Implemented through browser-specific driver
• Unlike Selenium Remote Control, WebDriver does
not need a special server to execute tests therefore
making it faster
• WebDriver uses native operating system level
control rather than browser-based JavaScript
commands to drive the browser
• Handles popups, alerts, multiple windows, AJAX,
Drag-and-drop

15. SELENIUM WEB DRIVER
Selenium
WebDrive
r
WebDriver
Java
C#
JavaScript
PHPPerl
Python
Ruby

16. SELENIUM WEB DRIVER
Selenium
WebDrive
r
WebDriver
Firefox
Internet
Explorer
Edge
Google
Chrome
Safari
Opera

17. WEBDRIVER CLIENTS
• Download zip file from:
http://docs.seleniumhq.org/download
/
• One should have:
• 2 .jar files
• Changelog
• ‘libs’ folder

18. WEBDRIVER CLIENTS
• …or just use a build tool like Maven:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>2.53.0</version>
</dependency>

19. WEBDRIVER CLIENTS
• Also important, import JUnit test framework
• JUnit is a Java test framework
• Alternatives are TestNG and, for C#, NUnit
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.4</version>
</dependency>

20. WEBDRIVERS
• Download the driver according to your web browser
• ChromeDriver For Chrome:
https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/downloads
• GeckoDriver (version Marionette) for Firefox:
https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases

21. WEBDRIVERS
WebDriver driver;
@Before
public void setup() {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"/users/Samuel/Downloads/chromedriver.exe");
driver = new ChromeDriver();
}

22. WEBDRIVER COMMANDS
• driver.navigate().to(“http://google.com”);
• driver.navigate().back();
• driver.navigate().refresh();
• driver.sendKeys(“test”);
• driver.click();
• driver.getText();
• driver.getCssvalue();
• driver.close();

23. WEBDRIVER COMMANDS – TYPES OF LOCATORS
driver.findElement(By.id(“ElementID”));

24. WEBDRIVER COMMANDS - XPATH
driver.findElement(By.xpath(“/html/body/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div/table/tbody/tr[2]/td[1]”)).getText();

25. WEBDRIVER COMMANDS
FINDING ELEMENTS USING XPATH
• For Firefox:
• FirePath (https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/firepath/)
• Requires FireBug Add-On !
• WebDriver Element Locator (https://addons.mozilla.org/en-
us/firefox/addon/element-locator-for-webdriv/)
• For Chrome:
• XPath Helper (https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/xpath-
helper/hgimnogjllphhhkhlmebbmlgjoejdpjl?hl=en)

26. WEBDRIVER COMMANDS – FURTHER INFORMATION
• driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
• promptAlert .accept();
• // Create new WebDriver wait
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
// Wait for Alert to be present
Alert myAlert =
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent());

27. WEBDRIVER COMMANDS – FURTHER INFORMATION
WebElement From = driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id='userChecklists']/li[1]/a/span"));
WebElement To = driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id='userChecklists']/li[4]/a/span"));
Actions builder = new Actions(driver);
Action dragAndDrop = builder.clickAndHold(From)
.moveToElement(To)
.release(To)
.build();
dragAndDrop.perform();

28. TESTNG FRAMEWORK - TESTNG
• Ability to produce HTML Reports, after execution
• Results of test cases
• Annotations to organize methods and for the framework
to execute accordingly
• Testing methods in parallel is possible
• Test cases can be grouped and prioritised easily
• Ability to pass parameters

29. AUTOMATION FRAMEWORKS
TESTNG ANNOTATIONS
Annotation Description
@BeforeSuite The annotated method will be run only once before all tests in this suite have run.
@AfterSuite The annotated method will be run only once after all tests in this suite have run.
@BeforeClass The annotated method will be run only once before the first test method in the current class is
invoked.
@AfterClass The annotated method will be run only once after all the test methods in the current class have
run.
@BeforeTest The annotated method will be run before any test method belonging to the classes inside the
<test> tag is run.
@AfterTest The annotated method will be run after all the test methods belonging to the classes inside the
<test> tag have run.
@BeforeGroups The list of groups that this configuration method will run before. This method is guaranteed to run
shortly before the first test method that belongs to any of these groups is invoked.
@AfterGroups The list of groups that this configuration method will run after. This method is guaranteed to run
shortly after the last test method that belongs to any of these groups is invoked.
@BeforeMethod The annotated method will be run before each test method.
@AfterMethod The annotated method will be run after each test method.
@Parameters Describes how to pass parameters to a @Test method.
@Test Marks a class or a method as a part of the test.

30. AUTOMATION FRAMEWORKS – DATA DRIVEN APPROACH

31. AUTOMATION FRAMEWORKS – DATA DRIVEN APPROACH
1. Download Apache POI Jar files
1. Apache POI is a Java API for Microsoft Documents access
2. Add Jar files to project library
3. Place an Excel file in the package location
4. Set location using setExcelFile()
5. Use FileInputStream() to open Excel file and read
1. Declare XSSFWorkbook()
2. .getSheet() to access Excel sheet
More information: http://toolsqa.com/selenium-webdriver/data-driven-testing-
excel-poi/

32. AUTOMATION FRAMEWORKS – DATA DRIVEN APPROACH

33. ONE MORE SLIDE…

34. REFERENCES
• http://www.seleniumhq.org/docs/
• http://toolsqa.com/selenium-webdriver/
• https://www.tutorialspoint.com/software_testing_dictionary/automated_softwa
re_testing.htm
• tps://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/s
• https://testobject.com/blog/2015/07/top-10-benefits-of-automated-
testing.html
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DO8KVe00kcU
• http://www.slideshare.net/pekkaklarck/introduction-to-test-automation
• https://poi.apache.org/

35. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
ANY QUESTIONS?
:)