Comparison between training function trainbfg and trainbr in modeling of neural network for predicting the value of specific heat capacity of working fluid libr h2 o used in vapour absorption refrigeration syst
This document compares two training functions, TRAINBFG and TRAINBR, for modeling a neural network to predict the specific heat capacity of a working fluid (LiBr-H2O) used in vapor absorption refrigeration systems. The neural network model contains one input layer with two nodes (vapor quality and temperature), one hidden layer, and one output layer (specific heat capacity). Both training functions are evaluated based on error metrics like relative error and root mean square error. The results and discussion section will analyze which training function produces the best neural network model for this prediction task based on the error analysis.
A self affine 8-shaped fractal multiband antenna for wireless applications-2IAEME Publication
The document describes the design of an 8-shaped self-affine fractal multiband antenna. It is constructed using an iterated function system to scale a rectangle in different factors horizontally and vertically. The antenna is designed up to the second iteration using IE3D simulation software. Simulation results show the antenna resonates at 2.421GHz, 3.35GHz and 3.763GHz with VSWR below 1.16. The antenna size is reduced by 24.88% compared to a conventional rectangular patch antenna, providing multiband performance for wireless applications.
The document presents Mamdani and Sugeno fuzzy inference system models for calculating the resonant frequency of rectangular microstrip antennas. Two types of fuzzy inference system models - Mamdani and Sugeno - are used to compute the resonant frequency. The parameters of the fuzzy inference system models are determined using various optimization algorithms. The Sugeno fuzzy inference system model trained with the least-squares algorithm provided the best results, with the resonant frequency predictions being in very good agreement with experimental results from literature.
This document discusses the calculation of elastic constant norms and norm ratios for various intermetallic compounds. It analyzes the anisotropy of these compounds based on how close the norm ratios are to 1, with values closer to 1 indicating more isotropic behavior. The document finds that UCd11 is the most isotropic intermetallic compound studied, while Ni3Al is the most anisotropic. It also analyzes differences in anisotropy for other material groups.
The document summarizes the spectral characterization and antibacterial investigation of a complex of Se4N3Br with Co(II). Key findings include:
1) U.V., E.P.R., and X-R.D. spectra reveal the complex is paramagnetic with an octahedral structure and tetragonal molecular packing.
2) The complex exhibits conductivity and has a 3d7 electronic configuration.
3) Testing showed the complex inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli bacteria.
This document summarizes research quantifying microstructural features and linking them to mechanical properties in aging Al6061 alloy. Optical microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize precipitates, particles, and grain structure at different length scales. Properties like yield strength and tensile strength were measured. Principal component analysis was performed on the microstructural data to reduce dimensions and identify relationships between microstructure and properties. Future work involves higher throughput experiments, measuring local properties and microstructure, and including more microstructural statistics in the analysis to better understand structure-property-processing linkages.
STUDIES ON INTEGRATED BIO-HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PROCESS-EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELINGArghya_D
In the project “Studies on integrated biohydrogen production process-Experimental and Modeling”,a co-culture (mixture of two microorganisms in a single reactor) study of a dark fermentative and photofermentative microorganism was done to assess its hydrogen production performance. For modeling purpose, Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm has been used as a stochastic technique. The optimized data from batch study was successfully used to run a photobioreactor in continuous mode. A mechanistic model was developed for a continuous co-culture setup using data from literature and solved using MATLAB.
2 d qsar model of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) inhibitors with activity in ...Prasanthperceptron
The document describes a 2D-QSAR model developed to predict the biological activity of dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors in Toxoplasma gondii and Lactobacillus casei. 31 inhibitors with known activity values were used to generate the model, with 16 molecules in the training set and 15 in the test set. The model relates biological activity to various molecular descriptors including surface area, logP, molecular weight, polarizability, and refractivity. The model was able to accurately predict activity for many compounds in both the training and test sets, demonstrating its ability to quantify structure-activity relationships for this class of inhibitors.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
A self affine 8-shaped fractal multiband antenna for wireless applications-2IAEME Publication
The document describes the design of an 8-shaped self-affine fractal multiband antenna. It is constructed using an iterated function system to scale a rectangle in different factors horizontally and vertically. The antenna is designed up to the second iteration using IE3D simulation software. Simulation results show the antenna resonates at 2.421GHz, 3.35GHz and 3.763GHz with VSWR below 1.16. The antenna size is reduced by 24.88% compared to a conventional rectangular patch antenna, providing multiband performance for wireless applications.
The document presents Mamdani and Sugeno fuzzy inference system models for calculating the resonant frequency of rectangular microstrip antennas. Two types of fuzzy inference system models - Mamdani and Sugeno - are used to compute the resonant frequency. The parameters of the fuzzy inference system models are determined using various optimization algorithms. The Sugeno fuzzy inference system model trained with the least-squares algorithm provided the best results, with the resonant frequency predictions being in very good agreement with experimental results from literature.
This document discusses the calculation of elastic constant norms and norm ratios for various intermetallic compounds. It analyzes the anisotropy of these compounds based on how close the norm ratios are to 1, with values closer to 1 indicating more isotropic behavior. The document finds that UCd11 is the most isotropic intermetallic compound studied, while Ni3Al is the most anisotropic. It also analyzes differences in anisotropy for other material groups.
The document summarizes the spectral characterization and antibacterial investigation of a complex of Se4N3Br with Co(II). Key findings include:
1) U.V., E.P.R., and X-R.D. spectra reveal the complex is paramagnetic with an octahedral structure and tetragonal molecular packing.
2) The complex exhibits conductivity and has a 3d7 electronic configuration.
3) Testing showed the complex inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli bacteria.
This document summarizes research quantifying microstructural features and linking them to mechanical properties in aging Al6061 alloy. Optical microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize precipitates, particles, and grain structure at different length scales. Properties like yield strength and tensile strength were measured. Principal component analysis was performed on the microstructural data to reduce dimensions and identify relationships between microstructure and properties. Future work involves higher throughput experiments, measuring local properties and microstructure, and including more microstructural statistics in the analysis to better understand structure-property-processing linkages.
STUDIES ON INTEGRATED BIO-HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PROCESS-EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELINGArghya_D
In the project “Studies on integrated biohydrogen production process-Experimental and Modeling”,a co-culture (mixture of two microorganisms in a single reactor) study of a dark fermentative and photofermentative microorganism was done to assess its hydrogen production performance. For modeling purpose, Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm has been used as a stochastic technique. The optimized data from batch study was successfully used to run a photobioreactor in continuous mode. A mechanistic model was developed for a continuous co-culture setup using data from literature and solved using MATLAB.
2 d qsar model of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) inhibitors with activity in ...Prasanthperceptron
The document describes a 2D-QSAR model developed to predict the biological activity of dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors in Toxoplasma gondii and Lactobacillus casei. 31 inhibitors with known activity values were used to generate the model, with 16 molecules in the training set and 15 in the test set. The model relates biological activity to various molecular descriptors including surface area, logP, molecular weight, polarizability, and refractivity. The model was able to accurately predict activity for many compounds in both the training and test sets, demonstrating its ability to quantify structure-activity relationships for this class of inhibitors.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document introduces ammonia-water vapor absorption refrigeration systems. It discusses how ammonia is the refrigerant and water is the absorbent in these systems. Compared to water-lithium bromide systems, ammonia-water systems can be used for both refrigeration and air conditioning but have a more complex design due to the smaller boiling point difference between ammonia and water. The document then discusses properties of ammonia-water mixtures including composition, vapor pressure, and vapor-liquid equilibrium using pressure-temperature-concentration and enthalpy-temperature-concentration charts. It explains concepts such as bubble point, dew point, and how bubble point and dew point lines are determined for ammonia-water mixtures at different
The document discusses the properties of ideal refrigerants and absorbents for absorption refrigeration systems. An ideal refrigerant should boil between 2-10°C and condense above 40°C with a large latent heat of vaporization. An ideal absorbent should have a greater affinity for the refrigerant and release minimal heat during absorption with a high boiling point and chemical stability. Commonly used combinations are ammonia-water and lithium bromide-water which are described and compared in terms of their operating pressures and temperatures.
This document is a presentation about solar refrigerators by Ganesh Kushwaha. It defines a solar refrigerator as one powered by solar energy and lists benefits like saving electricity, money, and keeping food fresh longer. It describes the main components as a solar panel, battery, controller, and refrigerator. Solar refrigerators can be chargeable, with a rechargeable battery, or non-chargeable, running directly from the solar panel. Features include high efficiency, ability to work continuously for a year, ice pack freezing, rapid cooling, and portability without needing electricity. The concept of solar refrigerators was developed in the 1880s as an alternative to kerosene and gas refrigerators.
Development of vapour absorption refrigeration system in vehiclesAshish Singh
This document discusses the development of a vapor absorption refrigeration system for use in vehicles. It begins with an introduction that explains vapor absorption and vapor compression refrigeration systems. The objectives are to lower the vehicle's temperature using waste heat from the engine. Literature on previous related projects is reviewed. The proposed system would use a generator heated by exhaust gases to power the vapor absorption cycle. Performance is analyzed considering temperatures and heat transfer. Components are specified and costs are estimated. A timeline is provided. The vapor absorption system could utilize otherwise wasted engine heat to provide cooling, reducing fuel costs compared to vapor compression.
This document provides an overview of solar refrigeration systems. It discusses the basic principles of refrigeration using the vapor compression cycle. It then explains how solar energy can be used to power refrigeration through photovoltaic, solar thermal, or absorption refrigeration systems. The key components and operating principles of each solar refrigeration method are described, including diagrams of typical system layouts. Design considerations for matching the solar energy collection and storage to the refrigeration system requirements are also covered.
This document describes a solar refrigeration system that uses solar energy to power a vapor absorption refrigeration system (VARS). VARS uses pairs like ammonia-water or lithium bromide-water and works by absorbing and decompressing vapor to produce cooling. The solar energy heats the generator of the VARS, producing vapor without electricity. Calculations are provided for collector area, heat gain/loss, and equivalent sunny days per month to design a system for a location based on its condenser/evaporator pressures and temperatures.
The document discusses several technologies for solar-powered refrigeration and ice production. It describes how solar ice makers use solar energy to generate ammonia refrigerant during the day, then form ice at night when the generator cools. Another system uses activated carbon impregnated with methanol in a solar collector to adsorb vapor during the day, then desorb it at night to provide cooling in an evaporator and freeze water. A hybrid system is also presented that combines solar water heating with an adsorption refrigeration cycle to power a refrigerator.
The document discusses the history and principles of vapor absorption refrigeration systems. Some key points:
- Vapor absorption was first discovered in 1824 by Michael Faraday and the first machine was built in 1860. It uses a refrigerant (ammonia) that is absorbed into a solvent (water) for compression.
- Unlike vapor compression, it uses heat rather than mechanical energy to change the refrigerant's state. This allows it to be powered by waste heat or solar energy.
- The first domestic refrigerator using this technology was invented in 1925 and used ammonia, hydrogen, and water in a "three-fluid" system to eliminate the need for a pump.
1. The document describes the basic components and working of a simple vapor absorption refrigeration system (VARS). It explains the working of the absorber, generator, condenser, expansion device and evaporator.
2. It then discusses the concept of circulation ratio and provides the steady flow analysis and governing equations for a VARS using the water-lithium bromide pair.
3. It also gives the key equations to calculate the COP, heat input/output of the various components, and provides a sample problem to calculate the COP and total heat rejection of a given VARS system.
Solar refrigeration uses solar energy to power refrigeration systems for food and medicine preservation and comfort cooling. There are three main types of solar refrigeration: photovoltaic operated vapor compression, solar mechanical vapor compression using a Rankine cycle, and absorption refrigeration. Absorption refrigeration replaces the compressor with a thermal compression system using ammonia as the working fluid and a generator powered by solar collectors to desorb the ammonia, providing refrigeration without large mechanical energy inputs. While solar refrigeration has benefits of being environmentally friendly and not relying on power grids, its high initial costs and low coefficient of performance currently limit widespread adoption.
The document discusses vapour absorption refrigeration systems. It describes a simple vapour absorption system using ammonia and water, and a practical system. It defines the coefficient of performance (COP) of an ideal absorption system and lists properties desired in ideal refrigerants and absorbents. The document also discusses the domestic Electrolux refrigerator, which uses ammonia, hydrogen and water, and operates entirely through gravity flow without pumps. Key advantages of absorption systems over compression include having no moving parts and ability to operate on thermal energy alone.
SOLAR POWER VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEMaj12345ay
USE OF SOLAR POWER IN REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
The power incident from the sun to the earth has very much amount of energy that the present consumption rate of all the commercial and general uses. We utilize only 0.1% of total incident sun energy on the surface of earth. Thus solar energy can fulfill our present as well as future needs of energy. That is a reason it called renewable sources of energy. It is also environmental clean source of energy and available at whole part of world where people live. Using of solar energy in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning system it become very economical.
In our project we provide solar heat in generator for heating purpose of vapor compression refrigeration system.
For past few decades, energy has played a prominent role in the development of technology and economy. Energy has now become inevitable factor for production as well. The objective of this project is to develop an environment friendly vapour absorption system. Vapour absorption system uses heat energy, instead of mechanical energy as in vapour compression system, in order to change the condition of refrigerant required for the operation of the cycle. R 717(NH3) and water are used as working fluids in this system. The basic idea of this project is derived from the solar heating panel to obtain heat energy, instead of using any conventional source of heat energy. In this project various observations are done by varying operating conditions related to heat source, condenser, absorber and evaporator temperatures. The drawback of this system is that, it remains idle in the cloudy weather conditions.
COMPONENTS USED IN SOLAR POWERED AQUA-AMMONIA VAPOUR ABSORPTION SYSTEM
• ABSORBER
• PUMP
• HEAT EXCHANGER
• GENERATOR
• SOLAR PANEL
• CONDENSER
• EXPANSION VALVE
• EVAPORATOR
• DC BATTERY
• FAN
IRJET- Segregation of Machines According to the Noise Emitted by Differen...IRJET Journal
The document discusses clustering machines according to the noise they emit using hierarchical clustering. Noise data was collected from 10 machines using parameters like LAeq, LAV, LAE, and TWA. Hierarchical clustering with Johnson's algorithm was applied using both single-link and complete-link methods. For single-link, the machines clustered into groups of (1,9,7,8,4,6), (2,5), 3, and 10. For complete-link, the clustering resulted in different groupings.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Multi Objective Optimization of PMEDM Process Parameter by Topsis Methodijtsrd
In this study, MRR, SR, and HV in powder mixed electrical discharge machining PMEDM were multi criteria decision making MCDM by TOPSIS method. The process parameters used included work piece materials, electrode materials, electrode polarity, pulse on time, pulse off time, current, and titanium powder concentration. Some interaction pairs among the process parameters were also used to evaluate. The results showed that optimal process parameters, including ton = 20 µs, I= 6 A, tof = 57 µs, and 10 g l. The optimum characteristics were MRR = 38.79 mm3 min, SR = 2.71 m, and HV = 771.0 HV. Nguyen Duc Luan | Nguyen Duc Minh | Le Thi Phuong Thanh ""Multi-Objective Optimization of PMEDM Process Parameter by Topsis Method"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23169.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/manufacturing-engineering/23169/multi-objective-optimization-of-pmedm-process-parameter-by-topsis-method/nguyen-duc-luan
This document summarizes research using artificial neural networks (ANN) for forecasting and interpolation of rainfall data. It describes using ANN software called AI-CFS v1.0 and AI-CIS v1.0 to optimize ANN parameters like number of inputs/hidden layers/neurons, weights, learning rate, and momentum factors. The research aims to develop an optimized backpropagation neural network (OBPN) for chaos forecasting and applies it to rainfall prediction in India. Results show the system can successfully predict rainfall amounts based on astrological and meteorological input data with mean absolute percentage deviations between 8-20% on testing data.
Implimentation of Taguchi method on CNC EDM and CNC WEDMkiranhg
The document discusses using Taguchi methods and design of experiments to optimize CNC EDM and WEDM process parameters. It describes selecting input factors like voltage, current, pulse on time and responses like material removal rate and machining time. Orthogonal arrays are used to design the experiments. Signal to noise ratios are calculated to analyze the experimental results and determine the most influential factors for both processes. The analysis found that voltage has the largest effect on material removal rate for EDM and voltage and current most affect machining time for EDM and WEDM respectively.
Design of a Controller for MIMO System by using Approximate Model Matching (A...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This paper presents the design of a controller for
MIMO systems. Performance analysis and controller design
for SISO systems are easier than that for MIMO systems.
These difficulties are due to the coupling or interactions
between the various inputs and output variables. An input
퐮ퟏ, 퐟퐫퐨퐦 퐭퐡퐞 퐬퐞퐭 퐮퐢
,퐢 = ퟏ, 퐦; not only affects the output
퐲ퟏ, 퐟퐫퐨퐦 퐭퐡퐞 퐬퐞퐭 퐲퐢
,퐢 = ퟏ, 퐩; but may affect all the other
outputs 퐲퐢
,퐢 = ퟐ, 퐩.Similarly, each input 퐮퐣
, may also affect
output 퐲퐤, 퐤 ≠ 퐣.
Application of ibearugbulem’s model for optimizing granite concrete mixeSAT Publishing House
This document presents a mathematical model for predicting the compressive strength of granitic concrete using Ibearugbulem's regression model. 45 concrete cubes were cast using different mix ratios and tested to determine compressive strength. The first 11 mixes were used to determine the regression model coefficients, and the full 15 mixes were used to validate the model. A t-test found the model results adequately predicted the experimental compressive strengths at a 95% confidence level. The developed model can predict compressive strength or mix proportions for granitic concrete given one is known.
Comparative study on different pin geometries of tool profile in friction sti...IAEME Publication
This document presents a comparative study on different pin geometries for tool profiles in friction stir welding using artificial neural networks. An experiment was conducted using AA6061 aluminum alloy plates welded with two different pin profiles (conical and triangular). Tensile strength test results were obtained for 27 welded joints under different welding parameters. Regression and artificial neural network models were developed to predict tensile strength based on the input parameters of tool rotation speed, welding speed, and axial force. The regression model results showed good agreement with experimental data. The artificial neural network model was found to be an effective method for predicting joint performance and identifying optimal welding conditions compared to regression analysis.
Investigating the effect of machining parameters on surface roughnessIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study that used Design of Experiments (DOE) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to investigate the effects of machining parameters on the surface roughness of 6061 aluminum alloy during end milling. The parameters examined were cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed rate. The study found that feed rate had the most significant impact on surface roughness based on ANOVA results. The optimal parameters for a smooth surface were a cutting speed of 500 rpm, depth of cut of 1.2 mm, and feed rate of 15.33 mm/min.
This document introduces ammonia-water vapor absorption refrigeration systems. It discusses how ammonia is the refrigerant and water is the absorbent in these systems. Compared to water-lithium bromide systems, ammonia-water systems can be used for both refrigeration and air conditioning but have a more complex design due to the smaller boiling point difference between ammonia and water. The document then discusses properties of ammonia-water mixtures including composition, vapor pressure, and vapor-liquid equilibrium using pressure-temperature-concentration and enthalpy-temperature-concentration charts. It explains concepts such as bubble point, dew point, and how bubble point and dew point lines are determined for ammonia-water mixtures at different
The document discusses the properties of ideal refrigerants and absorbents for absorption refrigeration systems. An ideal refrigerant should boil between 2-10°C and condense above 40°C with a large latent heat of vaporization. An ideal absorbent should have a greater affinity for the refrigerant and release minimal heat during absorption with a high boiling point and chemical stability. Commonly used combinations are ammonia-water and lithium bromide-water which are described and compared in terms of their operating pressures and temperatures.
This document is a presentation about solar refrigerators by Ganesh Kushwaha. It defines a solar refrigerator as one powered by solar energy and lists benefits like saving electricity, money, and keeping food fresh longer. It describes the main components as a solar panel, battery, controller, and refrigerator. Solar refrigerators can be chargeable, with a rechargeable battery, or non-chargeable, running directly from the solar panel. Features include high efficiency, ability to work continuously for a year, ice pack freezing, rapid cooling, and portability without needing electricity. The concept of solar refrigerators was developed in the 1880s as an alternative to kerosene and gas refrigerators.
Development of vapour absorption refrigeration system in vehiclesAshish Singh
This document discusses the development of a vapor absorption refrigeration system for use in vehicles. It begins with an introduction that explains vapor absorption and vapor compression refrigeration systems. The objectives are to lower the vehicle's temperature using waste heat from the engine. Literature on previous related projects is reviewed. The proposed system would use a generator heated by exhaust gases to power the vapor absorption cycle. Performance is analyzed considering temperatures and heat transfer. Components are specified and costs are estimated. A timeline is provided. The vapor absorption system could utilize otherwise wasted engine heat to provide cooling, reducing fuel costs compared to vapor compression.
This document provides an overview of solar refrigeration systems. It discusses the basic principles of refrigeration using the vapor compression cycle. It then explains how solar energy can be used to power refrigeration through photovoltaic, solar thermal, or absorption refrigeration systems. The key components and operating principles of each solar refrigeration method are described, including diagrams of typical system layouts. Design considerations for matching the solar energy collection and storage to the refrigeration system requirements are also covered.
This document describes a solar refrigeration system that uses solar energy to power a vapor absorption refrigeration system (VARS). VARS uses pairs like ammonia-water or lithium bromide-water and works by absorbing and decompressing vapor to produce cooling. The solar energy heats the generator of the VARS, producing vapor without electricity. Calculations are provided for collector area, heat gain/loss, and equivalent sunny days per month to design a system for a location based on its condenser/evaporator pressures and temperatures.
The document discusses several technologies for solar-powered refrigeration and ice production. It describes how solar ice makers use solar energy to generate ammonia refrigerant during the day, then form ice at night when the generator cools. Another system uses activated carbon impregnated with methanol in a solar collector to adsorb vapor during the day, then desorb it at night to provide cooling in an evaporator and freeze water. A hybrid system is also presented that combines solar water heating with an adsorption refrigeration cycle to power a refrigerator.
The document discusses the history and principles of vapor absorption refrigeration systems. Some key points:
- Vapor absorption was first discovered in 1824 by Michael Faraday and the first machine was built in 1860. It uses a refrigerant (ammonia) that is absorbed into a solvent (water) for compression.
- Unlike vapor compression, it uses heat rather than mechanical energy to change the refrigerant's state. This allows it to be powered by waste heat or solar energy.
- The first domestic refrigerator using this technology was invented in 1925 and used ammonia, hydrogen, and water in a "three-fluid" system to eliminate the need for a pump.
1. The document describes the basic components and working of a simple vapor absorption refrigeration system (VARS). It explains the working of the absorber, generator, condenser, expansion device and evaporator.
2. It then discusses the concept of circulation ratio and provides the steady flow analysis and governing equations for a VARS using the water-lithium bromide pair.
3. It also gives the key equations to calculate the COP, heat input/output of the various components, and provides a sample problem to calculate the COP and total heat rejection of a given VARS system.
Solar refrigeration uses solar energy to power refrigeration systems for food and medicine preservation and comfort cooling. There are three main types of solar refrigeration: photovoltaic operated vapor compression, solar mechanical vapor compression using a Rankine cycle, and absorption refrigeration. Absorption refrigeration replaces the compressor with a thermal compression system using ammonia as the working fluid and a generator powered by solar collectors to desorb the ammonia, providing refrigeration without large mechanical energy inputs. While solar refrigeration has benefits of being environmentally friendly and not relying on power grids, its high initial costs and low coefficient of performance currently limit widespread adoption.
The document discusses vapour absorption refrigeration systems. It describes a simple vapour absorption system using ammonia and water, and a practical system. It defines the coefficient of performance (COP) of an ideal absorption system and lists properties desired in ideal refrigerants and absorbents. The document also discusses the domestic Electrolux refrigerator, which uses ammonia, hydrogen and water, and operates entirely through gravity flow without pumps. Key advantages of absorption systems over compression include having no moving parts and ability to operate on thermal energy alone.
SOLAR POWER VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEMaj12345ay
USE OF SOLAR POWER IN REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
The power incident from the sun to the earth has very much amount of energy that the present consumption rate of all the commercial and general uses. We utilize only 0.1% of total incident sun energy on the surface of earth. Thus solar energy can fulfill our present as well as future needs of energy. That is a reason it called renewable sources of energy. It is also environmental clean source of energy and available at whole part of world where people live. Using of solar energy in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning system it become very economical.
In our project we provide solar heat in generator for heating purpose of vapor compression refrigeration system.
For past few decades, energy has played a prominent role in the development of technology and economy. Energy has now become inevitable factor for production as well. The objective of this project is to develop an environment friendly vapour absorption system. Vapour absorption system uses heat energy, instead of mechanical energy as in vapour compression system, in order to change the condition of refrigerant required for the operation of the cycle. R 717(NH3) and water are used as working fluids in this system. The basic idea of this project is derived from the solar heating panel to obtain heat energy, instead of using any conventional source of heat energy. In this project various observations are done by varying operating conditions related to heat source, condenser, absorber and evaporator temperatures. The drawback of this system is that, it remains idle in the cloudy weather conditions.
COMPONENTS USED IN SOLAR POWERED AQUA-AMMONIA VAPOUR ABSORPTION SYSTEM
• ABSORBER
• PUMP
• HEAT EXCHANGER
• GENERATOR
• SOLAR PANEL
• CONDENSER
• EXPANSION VALVE
• EVAPORATOR
• DC BATTERY
• FAN
SOLAR POWER VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
Similar to Comparison between training function trainbfg and trainbr in modeling of neural network for predicting the value of specific heat capacity of working fluid libr h2 o used in vapour absorption refrigeration syst
IRJET- Segregation of Machines According to the Noise Emitted by Differen...IRJET Journal
The document discusses clustering machines according to the noise they emit using hierarchical clustering. Noise data was collected from 10 machines using parameters like LAeq, LAV, LAE, and TWA. Hierarchical clustering with Johnson's algorithm was applied using both single-link and complete-link methods. For single-link, the machines clustered into groups of (1,9,7,8,4,6), (2,5), 3, and 10. For complete-link, the clustering resulted in different groupings.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Multi Objective Optimization of PMEDM Process Parameter by Topsis Methodijtsrd
In this study, MRR, SR, and HV in powder mixed electrical discharge machining PMEDM were multi criteria decision making MCDM by TOPSIS method. The process parameters used included work piece materials, electrode materials, electrode polarity, pulse on time, pulse off time, current, and titanium powder concentration. Some interaction pairs among the process parameters were also used to evaluate. The results showed that optimal process parameters, including ton = 20 µs, I= 6 A, tof = 57 µs, and 10 g l. The optimum characteristics were MRR = 38.79 mm3 min, SR = 2.71 m, and HV = 771.0 HV. Nguyen Duc Luan | Nguyen Duc Minh | Le Thi Phuong Thanh ""Multi-Objective Optimization of PMEDM Process Parameter by Topsis Method"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23169.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/manufacturing-engineering/23169/multi-objective-optimization-of-pmedm-process-parameter-by-topsis-method/nguyen-duc-luan
This document summarizes research using artificial neural networks (ANN) for forecasting and interpolation of rainfall data. It describes using ANN software called AI-CFS v1.0 and AI-CIS v1.0 to optimize ANN parameters like number of inputs/hidden layers/neurons, weights, learning rate, and momentum factors. The research aims to develop an optimized backpropagation neural network (OBPN) for chaos forecasting and applies it to rainfall prediction in India. Results show the system can successfully predict rainfall amounts based on astrological and meteorological input data with mean absolute percentage deviations between 8-20% on testing data.
Implimentation of Taguchi method on CNC EDM and CNC WEDMkiranhg
The document discusses using Taguchi methods and design of experiments to optimize CNC EDM and WEDM process parameters. It describes selecting input factors like voltage, current, pulse on time and responses like material removal rate and machining time. Orthogonal arrays are used to design the experiments. Signal to noise ratios are calculated to analyze the experimental results and determine the most influential factors for both processes. The analysis found that voltage has the largest effect on material removal rate for EDM and voltage and current most affect machining time for EDM and WEDM respectively.
Design of a Controller for MIMO System by using Approximate Model Matching (A...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This paper presents the design of a controller for
MIMO systems. Performance analysis and controller design
for SISO systems are easier than that for MIMO systems.
These difficulties are due to the coupling or interactions
between the various inputs and output variables. An input
퐮ퟏ, 퐟퐫퐨퐦 퐭퐡퐞 퐬퐞퐭 퐮퐢
,퐢 = ퟏ, 퐦; not only affects the output
퐲ퟏ, 퐟퐫퐨퐦 퐭퐡퐞 퐬퐞퐭 퐲퐢
,퐢 = ퟏ, 퐩; but may affect all the other
outputs 퐲퐢
,퐢 = ퟐ, 퐩.Similarly, each input 퐮퐣
, may also affect
output 퐲퐤, 퐤 ≠ 퐣.
Application of ibearugbulem’s model for optimizing granite concrete mixeSAT Publishing House
This document presents a mathematical model for predicting the compressive strength of granitic concrete using Ibearugbulem's regression model. 45 concrete cubes were cast using different mix ratios and tested to determine compressive strength. The first 11 mixes were used to determine the regression model coefficients, and the full 15 mixes were used to validate the model. A t-test found the model results adequately predicted the experimental compressive strengths at a 95% confidence level. The developed model can predict compressive strength or mix proportions for granitic concrete given one is known.
Comparative study on different pin geometries of tool profile in friction sti...IAEME Publication
This document presents a comparative study on different pin geometries for tool profiles in friction stir welding using artificial neural networks. An experiment was conducted using AA6061 aluminum alloy plates welded with two different pin profiles (conical and triangular). Tensile strength test results were obtained for 27 welded joints under different welding parameters. Regression and artificial neural network models were developed to predict tensile strength based on the input parameters of tool rotation speed, welding speed, and axial force. The regression model results showed good agreement with experimental data. The artificial neural network model was found to be an effective method for predicting joint performance and identifying optimal welding conditions compared to regression analysis.
Investigating the effect of machining parameters on surface roughnessIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study that used Design of Experiments (DOE) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to investigate the effects of machining parameters on the surface roughness of 6061 aluminum alloy during end milling. The parameters examined were cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed rate. The study found that feed rate had the most significant impact on surface roughness based on ANOVA results. The optimal parameters for a smooth surface were a cutting speed of 500 rpm, depth of cut of 1.2 mm, and feed rate of 15.33 mm/min.
IRJET- A Study on the Behaviour of Double Layer Steel Braced Barrel VaultsIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the behavior of double layer steel braced barrel vault structures through finite element modeling and analysis. Four geometric patterns were modeled in STAAD Pro software: square on square, lattice structure, diagonal on diagonal, and square on diagonal. The square on square and lattice structure geometries exhibited minimal nodal deflections and axial forces compared to the other patterns, indicating they are the optimal designs for double layer barrel vaults.
This document discusses the structural analysis of a wound rotor shaft for a 2.1 MW wind turbine operating at various speeds and frequencies. It analyzes a single-piece steel rotor shaft and models its geometry and meshing. It then presents the results of the total deformation, maximum stress, and maximum strain on the shaft material from simulations run at rated speed, over speed, and critical speed for frequencies of 50Hz and 60Hz. The analysis shows the steel material is capable of withstanding the stresses and strains from operating at various speeds and frequencies for the wind turbine application.
This document discusses the structural analysis of a wound rotor shaft for a 2.1 MW wind turbine operating at various speeds and frequencies. It analyzes a single-piece steel rotor shaft and models its geometry and meshing. It then presents the results of the total deformation, maximum stress, and maximum strain from running structural simulations on the rotor shaft at various rated speeds, over speeds, and critical speeds at 50Hz and 60Hz frequencies. The analysis shows the steel shaft material is capable of withstanding the stresses and strains from operating at different speeds and frequencies. The conclusion is this analysis can be used to select the best material for the rotor shaft and ensure its proper design.
Modeling and Analysis of a Manufacturing Plant Using Discrete Event SimulationIJERA Editor
This document describes using discrete event simulation to model and analyze a manufacturing plant. The manufacturing plant produces excentres, which are important components in piston pumps. Data on processing times, setup times, machine breakdowns, and rejections were collected from the various stages of excentre production, including casting, machining, grinding, and inspection. This data was used to build a discrete event simulation model to estimate key performance metrics like work in process, flow time, utilization, and throughput. The simulation results were analyzed to identify bottlenecks and opportunities for improvement in the manufacturing process.
The document discusses modal analysis of a high-speed milling spindle. A finite element model of the spindle is created in ANSYS based on its specifications. Modal analysis of the model yields natural frequencies including 422 Hz. Experimental modal analysis using an FFT analyzer on a manufactured spindle specimen yields frequencies up to 401 Hz. Comparing the finite element and experimental results, 422 Hz is identified as the natural resonance frequency of the spindle, which is above the designed operating speed of 16,000 rpm. The modal analysis shows no resonance will occur during operation.
Process parameters optimization for surface roughness in edm for aisi d2 steelIAEME Publication
This document summarizes an experiment that used response surface methodology to analyze how four machining parameters (discharge current, pulse duration, pulse off time, and gap voltage) affect the material removal rate when machining AISI D2 steel using electrical discharge machining. 31 experimental runs were conducted using a face centered central composite design and response surface modeling was used to analyze the results. The analysis of variance found that discharge current and pulse duration were significant factors influencing the material removal rate.
Finite element analysis and experimental investigationsiaemedu
The document discusses finite element analysis and experimental testing conducted on small wind turbine blades with different profiles and materials. Finite element analysis was performed on blades constructed of glass fiber reinforced with polyester resin, glass fiber with polyester resin and foam core, and glass fiber with epoxy resin and foam core. Modal analysis determined natural frequencies for the first five vibration modes. Harmonic analysis subjected the blades to wind loads to calculate displacement and stress. Experimental load deflection testing applied cyclic loads at the blade root, mid-section, and tip to measure deflection. Testing showed degradation of material properties over cycles. Analysis and testing identified a blade made from glass fiber, epoxy resin, and foam core as the best performing design.
Finite element analysis and experimental investigations on small size wind tu...iaemedu
This document discusses finite element analysis and experimental testing of small wind turbine blades with different material compositions and profiles. Two blade profiles, R21 and R22, were developed using the NACA 63-415 airfoil shape. Three different material compositions were analyzed using finite element analysis: glass fiber reinforced polyester resin, glass fiber polyester with a foam core, and glass fiber epoxy with a foam core. Experimental testing included load deflection tests and cyclic load bench tests of six blade varieties to analyze material degradation over time. Finite element analysis determined displacement, stresses, vibration mode shapes, and harmonic response. Experimental results showed degradation of material properties with more cycles. A better performing blade was identified based on finite element and experimental test results
SPECTRAL-BASED FATIGUE ASSESSMENT OF FSOSUMARDIONO .
The document discusses fatigue analysis of an offshore floating storage vessel (FSO) hull construction using spectral-based fatigue analysis methods. It outlines the objectives to determine long-term wave load characteristics, stress distributions, and fatigue life of critical locations. The methodology involves regular wave load analysis, finite element modeling, spectral analysis of long-term wave loads and stresses, and fatigue analysis to estimate the fatigue life. Critical locations on the hull are identified for further stress analysis and fatigue life estimation.
This document provides an overview of a panel data analysis course, including:
- The schedule, which covers topics like panel data models, endogeneity, time series models, and difference-in-differences.
- An explanation of panel data, which has multiple cross-sections observed over time, and how it can be balanced or unbalanced.
- Examples of how panel data is structured and why it is useful for studying dynamic changes and effects not seen in cross-section or time series data alone.
- Methods for estimating panel data models, ranging from simple pooled OLS to fixed effects and random effects models.
Similar to Comparison between training function trainbfg and trainbr in modeling of neural network for predicting the value of specific heat capacity of working fluid libr h2 o used in vapour absorption refrigeration syst (20)
Tech transfer making it as a risk free approach in pharmaceutical and biotech iniaemedu
Tech transfer is a common methodology for transferring new products or an existing
commercial product to R&D or to another manufacturing site. Transferring product knowledge to the
manufacturing floor is crucial and it is an ongoing approach in the pharmaceutical and biotech
industry. Without adopting this process, no company can manufacture its niche products, let alone
market them. Technology transfer is a complicated, process because it is highly cross functional. Due
to its cross functional dependence, these projects face numerous risks and failure. If anidea cannot be
successfully brought out in the form of a product, there is no customer benefit, or satisfaction.
Moreover, high emphasis is in sustaining manufacturing with highest quality each and every time. It
is vital that tech transfer projects need to be executed flawlessly. To accomplish this goal, risk
management is crucial and project team needs to use the risk management approach seamlessly.
Integration of feature sets with machine learning techniquesiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a novel approach for spam filtering using selective feature sets combined with machine learning techniques. The paper presents an algorithm and system architecture that extracts feature sets from emails and uses machine learning to classify emails and generate rules to identify spam. Several metrics are identified to evaluate the efficiency of the feature sets, including false positive rate. An experiment is described that uses keyword lists as feature sets to train filters and compares the proposed approach to other spam filtering methods.
Effective broadcasting in mobile ad hoc networks using gridiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new grid-based broadcasting mechanism for mobile ad hoc networks. The paper argues that flooding approaches to broadcasting are inefficient and cause network congestion. The proposed approach divides the network into a hierarchical grid structure. When a node needs to broadcast a message, it sends the message to the first node in the appropriate grid, which is then responsible for updating and forwarding the message within that grid. Simulation results showed the grid-based approach outperformed other broadcasting protocols and was more reliable, efficient and scalable.
Effect of scenario environment on the performance of mane ts routingiaemedu
The document analyzes the effect of scenario environment on the performance of the AODV routing protocol in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It studies AODV performance under different scenarios varying network size, maximum node speed, and pause time. The performance is evaluated based on packet delivery ratio, throughput, and end-to-end delay. The results show that AODV performs best in some scenarios and worse in others, indicating that scenario parameters significantly impact routing protocol performance in MANETs.
Adaptive job scheduling with load balancing for workflow applicationiaemedu
This document discusses adaptive job scheduling with load balancing for workflow applications in a grid platform. It begins with an abstract that describes grid computing and how scheduling plays a key role in performance for grid workflow applications. Both static and dynamic scheduling strategies are discussed, but they require high scheduling costs and may not produce good schedules. The paper then proposes a novel semi-dynamic algorithm that allows the schedule to adapt to changes in the dynamic grid environment through both static and dynamic scheduling. Load balancing is incorporated to handle situations where jobs are delayed due to resource fluctuations or overloading of processors. The rest of the paper outlines the related works, proposed scheduling algorithm, system model, and evaluation of the approach.
This document summarizes research on transaction reordering techniques. It discusses transaction reordering approaches based on reducing resource conflicts and increasing resource sharing. Specifically, it covers:
1) A "steal-on-abort" technique that reorders an aborted transaction behind the transaction that caused the abort to avoid repeated conflicts.
2) A replication protocol that attempts to reorder transactions during certification to avoid aborts rather than restarting immediately.
3) Transaction reordering and grouping during continuous data loading to prevent deadlocks when loading data for materialized join views.
The document discusses semantic web services and their challenges. It provides an overview of semantic web technologies like WSDL, SOAP, UDDI, and OIL which are used to build semantic web services. The semantic web architecture adds semantics to web services through ontologies written in OWL and DAML+OIL. Key approaches to semantic web services include annotation, composition, and addressing privacy and security. However, semantic web services still face challenges in achieving their full potential due to issues in representation, reasoning, and a lack of real-world applications and data.
Website based patent information searching mechanismiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper on developing a website-based patent information searching mechanism. It discusses how patent information can be used for technology development, rights acquisition and utilization, and management information. It describes different types of patent searches including novelty, validity, infringement, and state-of-the-art searches. It also evaluates and compares two major patent websites, Delphion and USPTO, in terms of their search capabilities and features.
Revisiting the experiment on detecting of replay and message modificationiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes methods for detecting message modification and replay attacks in ad-hoc wireless networks. It begins with background on security issues in wireless networks and types of attacks. It then reviews existing intrusion detection systems and security techniques. Related work that detects attacks using features from the media access control layer or radio frequency fingerprinting is also discussed. The paper aims to present a simple, economical, and platform-independent system for detecting message modification, replay attacks, and unauthorized users in ad-hoc networks.
1) The document discusses the Cyclic Model Analysis (CMA) technique for sequential pattern mining which aims to predict customer purchasing behavior.
2) CMA calculates the Trend Distribution Function from sequential patterns to model purchasing trends over time. It then uses Generalized Periodicity Detection and Trend Modeling to identify periodic patterns and construct an approximating model.
3) The Cyclic Model Analysis algorithm is applied to further analyze the patterns, dividing the domain into segments where the distribution function is increasing or decreasing and applying the other techniques recursively to fully model the cyclic behavior.
Performance analysis of manet routing protocol in presenceiaemedu
This document analyzes the performance of different routing protocols in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) under hybrid traffic conditions. It simulates a MANET with 50 nodes moving at speeds up to 20 m/s using the AODV, DSDV, and DSR routing protocols. Traffic included both constant bit rate and variable bit rate sources. Results found that AODV had lower average end-to-end delay and higher packet delivery ratios than DSDV and DSR as the percentage of variable bit rate traffic increased. AODV also performed comparably under both low and high node mobility scenarios with hybrid traffic.
Performance measurement of different requirements engineeringiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper that compares the performance of different requirements engineering (RE) process models. It describes three RE process models - two existing linear models and the authors' iterative model. It also reviews literature on common RE activities and issues with descriptive models not reflecting real-world practices. The authors conducted interviews at two Indian companies to model their RE processes and compare them to the three models. They found the existing linear models did not fully capture the iterative nature of observed RE processes.
This document proposes a mobile safety system for automobiles that uses Android operating system. The system has two main components: a safety device and an automobile base unit. The safety device allows users to monitor the vehicle's location on a map, check its status, and control functions remotely. It communicates with the base unit in the vehicle using GPRS. The base unit collects data from sensors, determines the vehicle's GPS location, and can execute control commands like activating the brakes or switching off the engine. The document provides details on the design and algorithms of both components and includes examples of Java code implementation. The goal is to create an intelligent, secure and easy-to-use mobile safety system for vehicles using embedded systems and Android
Efficient text compression using special character replacementiaemedu
The document describes a proposed algorithm for efficient text compression using special character replacement and space removal. The algorithm replaces words with non-printable ASCII characters or combinations of characters to compress text files. It uses a dynamic dictionary to map words to their symbols. Spaces are removed from the compressed file in some cases to further reduce file size. Experimental results show the algorithm achieves better compression ratios than LZW, WinZip 10.0 and WinRAR 3.93 for various text file types while allowing lossless decompression.
The document discusses agile programming and proposes a new methodology. It provides an overview of existing agile methodologies like Scrum and Extreme Programming. Scrum uses short sprints to define tasks and deadlines. Extreme Programming focuses on practices like test-first development, pair programming, and continuous integration. The document notes drawbacks like an inability to support large or multi-site projects. It proposes designing a new methodology that combines the advantages of existing methods while overcoming their deficiencies.
Adaptive load balancing techniques in global scale grid environmentiaemedu
The document discusses various adaptive load balancing techniques for distributed applications in grid environments. It first describes adaptive mesh refinement algorithms that partition computational domains using space-filling curves or by distributing grids independently or at different levels. It also discusses dynamic load balancing using tiling and multi-criteria geometric partitioning. The document then covers repartitioning algorithms based on multilevel diffusion and the adaptive characteristics of structured adaptive mesh refinement applications. Finally, it discusses adaptive workload balancing on heterogeneous resources by benchmarking resource characteristics and estimating application parameters to find optimal load distribution.
A survey on the performance of job scheduling in workflow applicationiaemedu
This document summarizes a survey on job scheduling performance in workflow applications on grid platforms. It discusses an adaptive dual objective scheduling (ADOS) algorithm that takes both completion time and resource usage into account for measuring schedule performance. The study shows ADOS delivers good performance in completion time, resource usage, and robustness to changes in resource performance. It also describes the system architecture used, which includes a planner and executor component. The planner focuses on scheduling to minimize completion time while considering resource usage, and can reschedule if needed. The executor enacts the schedule on the grid resources.
A survey of mitigating routing misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networksiaemedu
This document summarizes existing methods to detect misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It discusses how routing protocols assume nodes will cooperate fully, but misbehavior like packet dropping can occur. It describes several techniques to detect misbehavior, including watchdog, ACK/SACK, TWOACK, S-TWOACK, and credit-based/reputation-based schemes. Credit-based schemes use virtual currencies to provide incentives for nodes to forward packets, while reputation-based schemes track nodes' past behaviors. The document aims to survey approaches for mitigating the impact of misbehaving nodes in MANET routing.
A novel approach for satellite imagery storage by classifyiaemedu
This document presents a novel approach for classifying and storing satellite imagery by detecting and storing only non-duplicate regions. It uses kernel principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality and extract features of satellite images. Fuzzy N-means clustering is then used to segment the images into blocks. A duplication detection algorithm compares blocks to identify duplicate and non-duplicate regions. Only the non-duplicate regions are stored in the database, improving storage efficiency and updating speed compared to completely replacing existing images. Support vector machines are used to categorize the non-duplicate blocks into the appropriate classes in the existing images.
A self recovery approach using halftone images for medical imageryiaemedu
This document summarizes a proposed approach for securely transferring medical images over the internet using visual cryptography and halftone images. The approach uses error diffusion techniques to generate a halftone host image from the grayscale medical image. Shadow images are then created from the halftone host image using visual cryptography algorithms. When stacked together, the shadow images reveal the secret medical image. The halftone host image also contains an embedded logo that can be extracted to verify the integrity of the reconstructed image without a trusted third party.
A self recovery approach using halftone images for medical imagery
Comparison between training function trainbfg and trainbr in modeling of neural network for predicting the value of specific heat capacity of working fluid libr h2 o used in vapour absorption refrigeration syst