The comparison on the options to use absorption chiller versus magnetic bearing centrifugal chiller based on Philippine current conditions as of year 2015.
All About HVAC System - Created by MG Cooling SolutionsDr Vijay Gehlot
HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems are used to control indoor air quality by regulating temperature, humidity, and air quality. An HVAC system generally includes a furnace, air conditioner, ducts, vents and thermostat. It can heat or cool spaces through convection, conduction, or radiation and distributes heated or cooled air through ductwork or piping for water systems. Proper ventilation and filtration are also important for improving indoor air quality.
Heat pumps use ambient heat from air, water, or ground as a primary energy source to provide heating and cooling for buildings and industrial processes. They work by transferring heat from one place to another using the refrigeration principle and are more efficient than conventional energy systems. Common applications include space heating/cooling, hot water heating, and industrial processes like sterilization. Case studies show heat pumps provide significant cost savings over electric heating systems and reduce CO2 emissions.
The document discusses various topics related to hydronic system design including:
- Common hydronic system types like primary-secondary and variable flow systems
- Key considerations for piping design like pump sizing, pressure drops, and expansion tank placement
- Examples of specific system designs for chilled water, boiler water, and complex multi-building systems
- Benefits of variable speed pumps for energy efficiency and system controllability
vapor absorption system,three fluid vapor absorption system,water and ammonia vapor absorption system water and lithium bromide vapor absorption system
1. Solar refrigeration has applications in both developing and developed countries for vaccine storage, food preservation, and air conditioning. Previous research on photovoltaic and solar thermal refrigeration systems is reviewed.
2. Research is underway at Warwick University on carbon-ammonia refrigerators driven by steam heat from a thermosyphon heat pipe sourced by solar energy or biomass. A new area of interest is using desiccant wheel technology for solar powered air conditioning.
3. The basic principles of solar absorption refrigeration are described and past experience is assessed. Solar absorption refrigeration shows potential but current systems are still costly.
This document discusses HVAC systems and their energy consumption. It describes how HVAC systems maintain temperature, humidity, and ventilation levels in buildings. HVAC systems circulate air through air handling units, which heat, cool, filter and distribute air to rooms using boilers, chillers, pumps, and other mechanical equipment located in mechanical rooms. The document explains the functions of key HVAC components like AHUs, VAV boxes, economizers and how they work to condition air and ensure thermal comfort. It also notes some differences that can occur between theoretical HVAC diagrams and real-world systems.
Air conditioning works by altering the temperature and humidity of air to more comfortable levels. There are two main types: window units which fit in windows, and split systems which separate the hot and cold components.
Window units contain a compressor, expansion valve, hot and cold coils, fans, and controls. Split systems separate the cold indoor coil from the hot outdoor condensing unit. When powered, the compressor increases the pressure and temperature of the working fluid which then cools as it passes through the condenser.
Solar air conditioning uses solar power through hybrid systems that combine photovoltaics and batteries, or absorption chillers that cool air through evaporation and solar-powered fans. While more environmentally friendly than conventional AC
All About HVAC System - Created by MG Cooling SolutionsDr Vijay Gehlot
HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems are used to control indoor air quality by regulating temperature, humidity, and air quality. An HVAC system generally includes a furnace, air conditioner, ducts, vents and thermostat. It can heat or cool spaces through convection, conduction, or radiation and distributes heated or cooled air through ductwork or piping for water systems. Proper ventilation and filtration are also important for improving indoor air quality.
Heat pumps use ambient heat from air, water, or ground as a primary energy source to provide heating and cooling for buildings and industrial processes. They work by transferring heat from one place to another using the refrigeration principle and are more efficient than conventional energy systems. Common applications include space heating/cooling, hot water heating, and industrial processes like sterilization. Case studies show heat pumps provide significant cost savings over electric heating systems and reduce CO2 emissions.
The document discusses various topics related to hydronic system design including:
- Common hydronic system types like primary-secondary and variable flow systems
- Key considerations for piping design like pump sizing, pressure drops, and expansion tank placement
- Examples of specific system designs for chilled water, boiler water, and complex multi-building systems
- Benefits of variable speed pumps for energy efficiency and system controllability
vapor absorption system,three fluid vapor absorption system,water and ammonia vapor absorption system water and lithium bromide vapor absorption system
1. Solar refrigeration has applications in both developing and developed countries for vaccine storage, food preservation, and air conditioning. Previous research on photovoltaic and solar thermal refrigeration systems is reviewed.
2. Research is underway at Warwick University on carbon-ammonia refrigerators driven by steam heat from a thermosyphon heat pipe sourced by solar energy or biomass. A new area of interest is using desiccant wheel technology for solar powered air conditioning.
3. The basic principles of solar absorption refrigeration are described and past experience is assessed. Solar absorption refrigeration shows potential but current systems are still costly.
This document discusses HVAC systems and their energy consumption. It describes how HVAC systems maintain temperature, humidity, and ventilation levels in buildings. HVAC systems circulate air through air handling units, which heat, cool, filter and distribute air to rooms using boilers, chillers, pumps, and other mechanical equipment located in mechanical rooms. The document explains the functions of key HVAC components like AHUs, VAV boxes, economizers and how they work to condition air and ensure thermal comfort. It also notes some differences that can occur between theoretical HVAC diagrams and real-world systems.
Air conditioning works by altering the temperature and humidity of air to more comfortable levels. There are two main types: window units which fit in windows, and split systems which separate the hot and cold components.
Window units contain a compressor, expansion valve, hot and cold coils, fans, and controls. Split systems separate the cold indoor coil from the hot outdoor condensing unit. When powered, the compressor increases the pressure and temperature of the working fluid which then cools as it passes through the condenser.
Solar air conditioning uses solar power through hybrid systems that combine photovoltaics and batteries, or absorption chillers that cool air through evaporation and solar-powered fans. While more environmentally friendly than conventional AC
Design of HVAC system for commercial buildingjayeshmahajan24
This document summarizes the design of an HVAC system for a commercial building in Aurangabad, India. It includes calculating the building's heat load based on factors like climate conditions, building materials and occupancy usage. A hybrid VRF system is selected that uses both refrigerant and water pipes for efficiency. Indoor air quality is improved through measures like air purifiers, outdoor air treatment and indoor plants. The system aims to achieve IGBC silver certification for benefits like energy efficiency and cost savings. It incorporates innovations like a heat recovery system, solar panels and an electric vehicle charging station.
- Rainwater harvesting involves collecting rainwater from rooftops and landscapes and storing it for later use through passive or active systems.
- Passive systems contour landscapes to slow and spread rainwater runoff without containment, while active systems use tanks, cisterns, and other containers to store rainwater.
- Calculating a property's water budget, including plant water needs and rainfall collection potential, helps determine the best rainwater harvesting approach. Stored rainwater can then offset outdoor water use.
The document discusses vapor-absorption refrigeration systems. It provides a history of vapor-absorption systems dating back to the 1700s. It then describes the basic components and process of vapor-absorption refrigeration systems. Finally, it outlines several types of vapor-absorption refrigeration systems including single-effect, double-effect, absorption heat transformer, and diffusion absorption refrigeration systems.
How Does A Chiller Work? - What Is A Chiller & How To Choose the Best Oneannairdrychilldrychi
Industrial water chillers are used in a variety of applications where chilled water or liquid are circulated through process equipment.
A chiller is a machine that removes heat from a liquid via a vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration cycle. This liquid can then be circulated through a heat exchanger to cool equipment, or another process stream (such as air or process water).
Industrial water chillers are used in a variety of applications where chilled water or liquid are circulated through process equipment. Learn more information on how chillers work, what a chiller is & how to pick the best one for your application
Textbook chapter 2 air conditioning systemsCharlton Inao
This document provides an overview of air conditioning and ventilation systems. It discusses the common basic elements of air conditioning systems, including air handlers and fans, heating sources, refrigeration equipment, pumps, and controls. It describes the major components and functions of a typical commercial air conditioning system, including air handling units, chillers, cooling towers, boilers, and control systems. It also discusses considerations for system design such as zoning, equipment selection and arrangement, and energy transport methods.
Inverter Technology in Air ConditionersAdil Siddiqui
Rising Sales Trend of Inverter technology based Air conditioners in Pakistan.
So what exactly is this Inverter-based air conditioning and how it is different from the existing technology? Let’s examine that:
Technology
Components
Benefits
Savings
Sprężarka stanowi podstawowy element pompy ciepła mający istotny wpływ na efektywność jej pracy. Nowoczesne sprężarki inwerterowe umożliwiają płynną regulację wydajności jej pracy przy zachowaniu wysokiej sprawności pracy. Sprężarki inwerterowe są oferowane w przystępnym koszcie zakupu np. w postaci sprężarek rotacyjnych z podwójnym tłokiem (Twin Rotary Inwerter DC).
The document provides an overview of basic HVAC systems. It defines HVAC as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. It describes the major components of HVAC systems including compressors, condensers, expansion valves, and evaporators. It explains that HVAC systems work using a vapor compression refrigeration cycle consisting of these four components. The document also discusses different types of HVAC systems like split, central, and packaged AC systems. It provides diagrams of typical system designs and components.
This document provides an overview of psychrometry, which is the study of air and water vapor mixtures. It defines important psychrometric properties like dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, humidity ratio, and enthalpy. It explains psychrometric processes like sensible heating, cooling, and humidification. The psychrometric chart is introduced as a tool to represent the thermodynamic properties of moist air. Common psychrometric devices like air washers are also discussed.
The document discusses heat pump systems and compares their costs to traditional heating methods. It provides cost comparisons for heating domestic hot water and swimming pools using electric heaters, gas boilers, solar heaters, and air-to-water heat pump systems. The heat pump systems can cut heating and cooling costs by up to 70% and pay for themselves within 3 years through energy savings. They also provide free cooling and heating of domestic water in addition to primary heating/cooling functions. Installation examples of heat pump systems are shown for various projects in Dubai, the UK, and Spain.
This document discusses different types of HVAC systems and their applications. It provides information on direct expansion systems versus chilled water systems, package units, split units, air handling units, fan coil units, and chilled water systems. Specific HVAC system considerations and requirements are discussed for different building types like hospitals, hotels, and frozen food storage facilities. Key factors in HVAC system selection include temperature and humidity control, air movement and distribution, filtration, and achieving proper indoor environmental conditions for the building type and use.
The document discusses heat pumps and the UK's Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI). It provides information on how heat pumps work by extracting low-grade heat from various sources and concentrating it. It compares the efficiencies and costs of different heat pump and heating systems. It also outlines the RHI scheme which provides long-term financial incentives for renewable heat technologies like heat pumps and solar thermal to encourage switching from fossil fuels.
This report analyzes and compares the performance of a 2-zone VAV and CAV HVAC system using the bin method. The VAV system is more efficient as it varies air volume based on load, avoiding unnecessary reheating. The CAV system runs the chiller year-round and requires reheating for most hours. Adding a heat recovery unit or economizer can improve efficiency for both systems in certain conditions but may also increase loads in others. Future work could explore more complex ducting and controls strategies.
Heating Ventilation & Air Conditioning (HVAC)Joshua Joel
The document provides an overview of HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems. It discusses key components such as furnaces, heat exchangers, evaporator coils, condensing units, ducts, vents, and thermostats. It explains how HVAC systems work to moderate interior temperatures through heating in winter and cooling in summer. Performance metrics for HVAC systems like efficiency, EER, and SEER are also defined.
Download Link (Copy URL):
https://sites.google.com/view/varunpratapsingh/teaching-engagements
Syllabus:
Availability and Irreversibility
Availability Function
Second Law Efficiencies
Work Potential Associated with Internal Energy
Waste Heat Recovery
Heat Losses – Quality vs. Quantity
Principle of Heat Recovery Units
Classification of WHRS on Temperature Range Bases
Commercial Viable Waste Heat Recovery Devices
Benefits of Waste Heat Recovery
Development of a Waste Heat Recovery System
Commercial Waste Heat Recovery Devices
West Heat Recovery Boiler (WHRB)
Recuperators- Regenerative, Ceramic, Regenerative Heat Exchanger
Thermal wheel/ Heat Wheel
Heat Pipe
Economiser
Feed Water
Heat Pump
Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Plate Heat Exchanger
Run-around coil
Direct Contact Heat Exchanger
Advantages and Limitations of WHRD’s
“SEMINAR REPORT ON SOLAR ASSISTED VAPOUR ADSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM”Bhagvat Wadekar
SUMMARY
The range of COP for the Solar VAdRS is 0.2 - 0.7. The development of adsorption system for refrigeration is promising. An overall thermodynamics-based comparison of sorption systems shows that the performance of adsorption systems depends highly on both the adsorption pairs and processes. The technology continues to develop and the cost of producing power with solar thermal adsorption refrigeration is falling. If the costs of fossil fuels, transportation, energy conversion, electricity transmission and system maintenance are taken into account, the cost of energy produced by solar thermal adsorption systems would be much lower than that for conventional refrigeration systems.
The intermittent system has its simplicity and cost effectiveness. However, the main disadvantages such as long adsorption/desorption time have become obstacles for commercial production of the system. Hence, to compete with conventional vapor compression technologies, more efforts should be made in enhancing the COP and SCP. The environmental benefits of this technology and its non-dependence on conventional energy sources makes it highly attractive for further developments and a potential alternative to conventional systems in the future. The future of solar refrigeration and air conditioning seems to be a very good proposition and no doubt will find its place in future industrial applications. The major limiting factor at present is the shape of energy so as to make it available whenever it is required, for example at nights and extended cloudy days when we cannot attain a high enough temperature.
This document summarizes a dissertation on sensorless control of active magnetic bearings. The dissertation studies, simulates, and implements an active magnetic bearing system without position sensors. It uses a self-sensing technique called PWM ripple-based modulation that extracts position information from the amplitude of current ripple imposed by a switching amplifier. The system is first modeled and simulated in Simulink. Then a digital controller is generated from the Simulink model and tested on an FPGA board to control the switching of a power amplifier for the magnetic bearing coils. Tests showed the model provides prompt and strong reaction to support the rotor in a hovering position without sensors.
Design of HVAC system for commercial buildingjayeshmahajan24
This document summarizes the design of an HVAC system for a commercial building in Aurangabad, India. It includes calculating the building's heat load based on factors like climate conditions, building materials and occupancy usage. A hybrid VRF system is selected that uses both refrigerant and water pipes for efficiency. Indoor air quality is improved through measures like air purifiers, outdoor air treatment and indoor plants. The system aims to achieve IGBC silver certification for benefits like energy efficiency and cost savings. It incorporates innovations like a heat recovery system, solar panels and an electric vehicle charging station.
- Rainwater harvesting involves collecting rainwater from rooftops and landscapes and storing it for later use through passive or active systems.
- Passive systems contour landscapes to slow and spread rainwater runoff without containment, while active systems use tanks, cisterns, and other containers to store rainwater.
- Calculating a property's water budget, including plant water needs and rainfall collection potential, helps determine the best rainwater harvesting approach. Stored rainwater can then offset outdoor water use.
The document discusses vapor-absorption refrigeration systems. It provides a history of vapor-absorption systems dating back to the 1700s. It then describes the basic components and process of vapor-absorption refrigeration systems. Finally, it outlines several types of vapor-absorption refrigeration systems including single-effect, double-effect, absorption heat transformer, and diffusion absorption refrigeration systems.
How Does A Chiller Work? - What Is A Chiller & How To Choose the Best Oneannairdrychilldrychi
Industrial water chillers are used in a variety of applications where chilled water or liquid are circulated through process equipment.
A chiller is a machine that removes heat from a liquid via a vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration cycle. This liquid can then be circulated through a heat exchanger to cool equipment, or another process stream (such as air or process water).
Industrial water chillers are used in a variety of applications where chilled water or liquid are circulated through process equipment. Learn more information on how chillers work, what a chiller is & how to pick the best one for your application
Textbook chapter 2 air conditioning systemsCharlton Inao
This document provides an overview of air conditioning and ventilation systems. It discusses the common basic elements of air conditioning systems, including air handlers and fans, heating sources, refrigeration equipment, pumps, and controls. It describes the major components and functions of a typical commercial air conditioning system, including air handling units, chillers, cooling towers, boilers, and control systems. It also discusses considerations for system design such as zoning, equipment selection and arrangement, and energy transport methods.
Inverter Technology in Air ConditionersAdil Siddiqui
Rising Sales Trend of Inverter technology based Air conditioners in Pakistan.
So what exactly is this Inverter-based air conditioning and how it is different from the existing technology? Let’s examine that:
Technology
Components
Benefits
Savings
Sprężarka stanowi podstawowy element pompy ciepła mający istotny wpływ na efektywność jej pracy. Nowoczesne sprężarki inwerterowe umożliwiają płynną regulację wydajności jej pracy przy zachowaniu wysokiej sprawności pracy. Sprężarki inwerterowe są oferowane w przystępnym koszcie zakupu np. w postaci sprężarek rotacyjnych z podwójnym tłokiem (Twin Rotary Inwerter DC).
The document provides an overview of basic HVAC systems. It defines HVAC as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. It describes the major components of HVAC systems including compressors, condensers, expansion valves, and evaporators. It explains that HVAC systems work using a vapor compression refrigeration cycle consisting of these four components. The document also discusses different types of HVAC systems like split, central, and packaged AC systems. It provides diagrams of typical system designs and components.
This document provides an overview of psychrometry, which is the study of air and water vapor mixtures. It defines important psychrometric properties like dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, humidity ratio, and enthalpy. It explains psychrometric processes like sensible heating, cooling, and humidification. The psychrometric chart is introduced as a tool to represent the thermodynamic properties of moist air. Common psychrometric devices like air washers are also discussed.
The document discusses heat pump systems and compares their costs to traditional heating methods. It provides cost comparisons for heating domestic hot water and swimming pools using electric heaters, gas boilers, solar heaters, and air-to-water heat pump systems. The heat pump systems can cut heating and cooling costs by up to 70% and pay for themselves within 3 years through energy savings. They also provide free cooling and heating of domestic water in addition to primary heating/cooling functions. Installation examples of heat pump systems are shown for various projects in Dubai, the UK, and Spain.
This document discusses different types of HVAC systems and their applications. It provides information on direct expansion systems versus chilled water systems, package units, split units, air handling units, fan coil units, and chilled water systems. Specific HVAC system considerations and requirements are discussed for different building types like hospitals, hotels, and frozen food storage facilities. Key factors in HVAC system selection include temperature and humidity control, air movement and distribution, filtration, and achieving proper indoor environmental conditions for the building type and use.
The document discusses heat pumps and the UK's Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI). It provides information on how heat pumps work by extracting low-grade heat from various sources and concentrating it. It compares the efficiencies and costs of different heat pump and heating systems. It also outlines the RHI scheme which provides long-term financial incentives for renewable heat technologies like heat pumps and solar thermal to encourage switching from fossil fuels.
This report analyzes and compares the performance of a 2-zone VAV and CAV HVAC system using the bin method. The VAV system is more efficient as it varies air volume based on load, avoiding unnecessary reheating. The CAV system runs the chiller year-round and requires reheating for most hours. Adding a heat recovery unit or economizer can improve efficiency for both systems in certain conditions but may also increase loads in others. Future work could explore more complex ducting and controls strategies.
Heating Ventilation & Air Conditioning (HVAC)Joshua Joel
The document provides an overview of HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems. It discusses key components such as furnaces, heat exchangers, evaporator coils, condensing units, ducts, vents, and thermostats. It explains how HVAC systems work to moderate interior temperatures through heating in winter and cooling in summer. Performance metrics for HVAC systems like efficiency, EER, and SEER are also defined.
Download Link (Copy URL):
https://sites.google.com/view/varunpratapsingh/teaching-engagements
Syllabus:
Availability and Irreversibility
Availability Function
Second Law Efficiencies
Work Potential Associated with Internal Energy
Waste Heat Recovery
Heat Losses – Quality vs. Quantity
Principle of Heat Recovery Units
Classification of WHRS on Temperature Range Bases
Commercial Viable Waste Heat Recovery Devices
Benefits of Waste Heat Recovery
Development of a Waste Heat Recovery System
Commercial Waste Heat Recovery Devices
West Heat Recovery Boiler (WHRB)
Recuperators- Regenerative, Ceramic, Regenerative Heat Exchanger
Thermal wheel/ Heat Wheel
Heat Pipe
Economiser
Feed Water
Heat Pump
Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Plate Heat Exchanger
Run-around coil
Direct Contact Heat Exchanger
Advantages and Limitations of WHRD’s
“SEMINAR REPORT ON SOLAR ASSISTED VAPOUR ADSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM”Bhagvat Wadekar
SUMMARY
The range of COP for the Solar VAdRS is 0.2 - 0.7. The development of adsorption system for refrigeration is promising. An overall thermodynamics-based comparison of sorption systems shows that the performance of adsorption systems depends highly on both the adsorption pairs and processes. The technology continues to develop and the cost of producing power with solar thermal adsorption refrigeration is falling. If the costs of fossil fuels, transportation, energy conversion, electricity transmission and system maintenance are taken into account, the cost of energy produced by solar thermal adsorption systems would be much lower than that for conventional refrigeration systems.
The intermittent system has its simplicity and cost effectiveness. However, the main disadvantages such as long adsorption/desorption time have become obstacles for commercial production of the system. Hence, to compete with conventional vapor compression technologies, more efforts should be made in enhancing the COP and SCP. The environmental benefits of this technology and its non-dependence on conventional energy sources makes it highly attractive for further developments and a potential alternative to conventional systems in the future. The future of solar refrigeration and air conditioning seems to be a very good proposition and no doubt will find its place in future industrial applications. The major limiting factor at present is the shape of energy so as to make it available whenever it is required, for example at nights and extended cloudy days when we cannot attain a high enough temperature.
This document summarizes a dissertation on sensorless control of active magnetic bearings. The dissertation studies, simulates, and implements an active magnetic bearing system without position sensors. It uses a self-sensing technique called PWM ripple-based modulation that extracts position information from the amplitude of current ripple imposed by a switching amplifier. The system is first modeled and simulated in Simulink. Then a digital controller is generated from the Simulink model and tested on an FPGA board to control the switching of a power amplifier for the magnetic bearing coils. Tests showed the model provides prompt and strong reaction to support the rotor in a hovering position without sensors.
Energy is the backbone of this modern world. Fossil fuel are depleting & causing various environmental problems, As an alternative solar energy is a good ground & is needed to be harvested.
This document describes an absorption chiller system that uses lithium bromide and water as working fluids. It discusses how the main components - the evaporator, absorber, and generator - work and the cycle they go through. Some key points are that lithium bromide has a great affinity for water vapor but they are not completely soluble under all conditions, and the system relies on low pressures and friction losses to reduce the pressure of the water refrigerant between components without an expansion valve. The document also lists assumptions made about the system's operation for analysis purposes.
1. The document describes the basic components and working of a simple vapor absorption refrigeration system (VARS). It explains the working of the absorber, generator, condenser, expansion device and evaporator.
2. It then discusses the concept of circulation ratio and provides the steady flow analysis and governing equations for a VARS using the water-lithium bromide pair.
3. It also gives the key equations to calculate the COP, heat input/output of the various components, and provides a sample problem to calculate the COP and total heat rejection of a given VARS system.
The document provides an introduction to social media. It discusses why organizations use social media, including that it allows them to reach large audiences and build their reputation. It also outlines some best practices for social media use and potential issues like mistakes or hacks that could damage an organization's reputation. The document advocates for creating engaging content tailored to audiences and sharing positive stories and examples from other non-profits to demonstrate effective social media strategies.
Overview of the Judicial reform in Russia (in Russian)Andrey Zelenin
Presentation on the ongoing court reform in Russia prepared and delivered by Sergey Kislov, Counsel at Lidings, at the AEB Legal Committee on 12 March 2014. How will the commercial disputes will be tried in Russia after the Supreme courts merge?
Tech challenges in a large scale agile projectHarald Soevik
1. The document discusses three major technical challenges faced in a large-scale Java project that adopted Scrum methodology: modularization, testing environments, and declaratively representing domain knowledge.
2. For modularization, the project struggled with creating an optimal structure that balanced complexity, coupling, and cohesion across modules. Testing multiple environments provided benefits but also challenges in maintenance and automation.
3. Representing domain knowledge declaratively aimed to separate knowledge from implementation, but specific issues are not discussed in the summary due to a missing portion of the original text.
Co-Creation with Customers-By Aviroop Banik,Rizvi Institute of Management Stu...Aviroop Banik
Co-creation with customers will likely survive as a marketing tool. As competition increases and profit margins shrink, companies must actively engage customers to co-create value. Customers are no longer passive receivers of products but are instead active, connected, and informed co-creators. Companies must focus on co-creating experiences with customers through dialogue, access, risk assessment, and transparency. Co-creation exposes disconnects between what companies think customers want and actual customer thinking.
The document provides three corporate lessons through short stories with morals. The lessons are: 1) One must be in a high position to be idle; 2) While bullshit can get you to the top, it won't keep you there; 3) Not all who help you are friends, and in trouble keep silent. The stories use animals like crows, turkeys and birds to represent corporate lessons about change, ambition and dealing with challenges.
The document discusses enhancing Maven plugins with Groovy. It provides examples of rewriting Java-based Maven plugin code in Groovy, including generating archetypes, writing console output, executing external programs, checking URLs, and testing. The experiences section notes that Groovy allows for more task-oriented and testable code while Java may involve more complex and procedural code with low cohesion. It invites questions and notes job openings are available on the provided website.
After invading Poland in 1939, Germany next invaded France. The Germans used a new rapid military tactic called "Blitzkrieg" or lightning war in Poland. The USSR and Germany signed a non-aggression pact agreeing not to attack each other. In 1940, over 400,000 British and French soldiers were evacuated from Dunkirk back to Britain. The Battle of Britain primarily involved aircraft. Besides Germany, the USSR also invaded Poland in 1939 according to the terms of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact signed by Germany and the USSR.
Modularization, testing and technical debt (in a large agile project)Harald Soevik
This document discusses lessons learned from a large agile project at Computas for a customer consolidating multiple government agencies. It covers challenges with coupling and modularization, the need for robust testing environments with service level agreements, and managing technical debt in an agile process. Prioritizing technical debt remediation work is important to avoid issues with estimates, duplicate code, bugs and developer morale over time. Transparency into technical debt is key along with shared responsibility for remediation.
The document provides information about key events and decisions around the end of World War II, including the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the surrender of Japan, and postwar settlements. It asks multiple choice questions about these topics, such as why Truman decided to use atomic bombs against Japan, where the first bomb was detonated, how many people died as a result of both bombs, and where Japan surrendered.
The document discusses the experience of the Norwegian Food Safety Authority with continuous integration using Hudson. It describes how Hudson was used to manage branches and releases for a large Java project with multiple teams. Hudson provided build servers, testing environments, and tools to monitor code quality and metrics. It helped enable continuous deployment by automating testing and deployment across environments.
The New Deal programs implemented in the 1930s helped lift the United States out of the Great Depression. By 1937, most Americans felt the Depression was ending due to the effects of the New Deal. However, some conservatives felt the New Deal made the government too large and powerful. Liberals also criticized the New Deal for not doing enough to reduce social and economic inequalities. The New Deal's legacy includes programs and agencies that still operate today such as the Securities and Exchange Commission.
President Taft belonged to the Republican party. He busted over a dozen trusts during his presidency, which made him popular among some groups. However, the Payne-Aldrich Tariff and actions taken by Richard Ballinger upset Progressives and contributed to a split between conservative and Progressive Republicans in 1910. This led to the Republicans losing control of the House of Representatives.
PRESENTATION AT MSU CASE STUDIES in CHEMICAL INDUSTRIESJIGNESH PATEL
The document discusses strategies for energy conservation in chemical industries through case studies from GSFC Ltd. It outlines key approaches like improving energy efficiency, utilizing waste heat, optimizing pumping systems, and installing higher efficiency equipment. Specific examples demonstrate trimming impeller sizes, installing new pumps, recovering low pressure steam, and reducing compressor discharge pressures to achieve meaningful energy and cost savings. The document emphasizes that diligent efforts from all stakeholders can significantly reduce industry's energy costs through both small individual measures and collective implementation of best practices.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
OVERVIEW OF COGENERATION OPPORTUNITIES IN NEPALESE SUGAR SECTOR eecfncci
This document provides an overview of cogeneration opportunities in the Nepalese sugar sector. It discusses how cogeneration works by using fuel to generate both steam for industrial processes and electricity. The sugar sector in Nepal is described, including annual sugarcane production and bagasse production. Current practices and configurations in sugar plants are outlined. The document proposes upgrading to higher pressure boilers and turbines to increase power generation potential. Estimates suggest upgrading several plants could generate over 50 MW of surplus power for the grid. Interventions to realize this cogeneration potential are recommended, such as feasibility studies, assessing utility benefits, and developing incentive programs.
Comparison of Thermal Performance of Rankine Cycle, Reheat Cycle, Regenerativ...IRJET Journal
This document compares the thermal performance of four vapor power cycles: the Rankine cycle, reheat cycle, regenerative cycle, and a cycle with one stage of regeneration and reheat. The cycles are modeled and their thermal efficiencies and cycle efficiencies are calculated based on the same initial boiler parameters of 87 bar pressure and 510°C temperature and final condenser parameters of 0.1 bar pressure. The regenerative cycle is found to have the highest thermal and cycle efficiencies of 30.97% and 16.20% respectively, followed by the one stage regeneration and reheat cycle, then the reheat cycle, with the Rankine cycle having the lowest efficiencies. Heat input is lowest for the regenerative cycle and highest
The document discusses power generation economics and cost calculations. It covers:
1) Electricity generation requires a power station to transform fuel into electrical energy at a cost, including plant/equipment, fuel, operating costs, and transmission/distribution costs shared by consumers.
2) Cost of electricity has fixed costs like capital investment and variable costs like fuel that change with generation levels.
3) Methods are described to calculate generation costs factoring in parameters like plant capacity and load factors, fuel costs, efficiency rates, maintenance costs, and more.
The document discusses various energy storage techniques and provides comparisons between them. It describes characteristics like efficiency, capacity, energy density, response time, lifetime, and costs for different storage methods including mechanical storage, electrical storage, thermal storage, and chemical storage technologies. These include pumped hydro, flywheels, capacitors, batteries, fuel cells, and thermal options like cryogenic, latent heat, and sensible heat systems. Comparisons are made between technologies based on these characteristics and their suitability for different applications. The largest existing pumped hydro plant is highlighted as an example system.
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https://doi.org/10.1080/14786451.2019.1649263
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Comparative Energy Cost Analysis of Electric Chiller vs Absorption Chiller
1. COMPARATIVE ENERGY COST ANALYSIS OF
USING ABSORPTION CHILLER VERSUS MAGNETIC BEARING
CENTRIFUGAL CHILLER
IN PHILIPPINE SETTING
ENGR ROBERTO G. ROSALES, MSME
ASHRAE MEMBER, USGBC MEMBER BOMAP MEMBER
2. The objective of comparison are the following:
1. to find out at present if the use of absorption will merit with the current set-
up of the facilities
2. to see the viability of use of absorption chiller versus magnetic bearing
centrifugal chiller
3. to validate if electricity power is cheaper as compared to LPG power
4. Annual Operating Cost for the Mall
absorption chiller magnetic bearing chiller
1. efficiency 0.269 kg/hr/ton 0.54 kw/ton
2. installed capacity 5000 TR 5000 TR
3. running loads 3000 TR 3000 TR
4. gas requirements in kg(3000 TR loads) 808 -
5. power consumption in kw( 3000TR loads) 1620
6. rate of LPG in pesos/kg 62.05
7. rate of power in pesos/kwhr 8.11
8. mall operating time per year, in hours 14,560 14,560
9. annual operating cost, pesos/year 729,622,764.16 191,292,192.00
Annual Operating Cost for the Hotel
absorption chiller magnetic bearing chiller
1. efficiency 0.269 kg/hr/ton 0.54 kw/ton
2. installed capacity 1000 TR 1000 TR
3. running loads at peak 750 TR 750 TR
4. running loads at diversified 500 TR 500 TR
5. gas requirements in kg(750 TR loads) 215 -
6. gas requirements in kg(500 TR loads) 134
7. power consumption in kw( 500 TR loads) 270
8. power consumption in kw( 750 TR loads) 405
9. rate of LPG in pesos/kg 62.05
10. rate of power in pesos/kwhr 8.11
11. hotel operating time per year at peak, in hours 5,824 5,824
12. hotel operating time per year at diversifed loads, in hours 2,912 2,912
13. annual operating cost at peak, pesos/year 77,683,888.93 12,752,812.80
14. annual operating cost at diversified load, pesos/year 24,231,671.78 9,564,609.60
15. total annual operating cost for hotel, pesos/year 101,915,560.71 22,317,422.40
Total ENERGY Cost for Central Plant- mall and hotel 831,538,324.87 213,609,614.40
Ratio of Energy Cost Absorption chiller over electric chiller 4
LPG stock required for one week 13,325,934.693 kg/week
13,325.93 tons/week
Current Mall Tank Farm Storage 10,000kg
5. using 1000 TR Sanyo DE-63 model Absorption chiller using 500 TR Sanyo DE-42 model Absorption chiller
3,003.00 Mcal/h 1,496.00 Mcal/h
1,000.00 1,000.00
3,003,000.00 kcal/h 1,496,000.00 kcal/h
3.96 3.96
11,891,880.00 btu/h 5,924,160.00 btu/h
LPG Heating value (lower heating value) LPG Heating value
44,175.00 Btu/kg as per ISLA 44,175.00 Btu/kg as per ISLA
to get the hourly consumption of LPG to get the hourly consumption of LPG
divide the divide the
11,891,880.00 btu/h 5,924,160.00 btu/h
44,175.00 btu/kg 44,175.00 btu/kg
269 kg/hr gas consumption per hour for 1000 TR 134 kg/hr gas consumption per hour for 500 TR
0.269 kg/hr/ton 0.268 kg/hr/ton
using 800 TR Sanyo DE-61 model Absorption chiller
2,398.00 Mcal/h
1,000.00
2,398,000.00 kcal/h
3.96
9,496,080.00 btu/h
LPG Heating value
44,175.00 Btu/kg as per ISLA
to get the hourly consumption of LPG
divide the
9,496,080.00 btu/h
44,175.00 btu/kg
215 kg/hr gas consumption per hour for 800 TR
0.268706282 kg/hr/ton
6. RESULTS OF STUDIES
In the Philippine Setting and the current set-up of chiller facilities
1. Use magnetic bearing chiller is viable as compared to absorption chiller in
Philippines setting
2. In the Philippines, electric energy is cheaper as compared to LPG or gas
energy based on this comparative analysis
3. Annual energy cost of electric chiller is four times cheaper with absorption
chiller in the Philippines