Function of community pharmacy, Organization and structure of retail and wholesale drug store, Legal requirement for establishment, Maintenance of records
Introduction to clinical pharmacy, Concept and Objectives of clinical pharmacy, Function and responsibilities of clinical pharmacist, Clinical Pharmacy services.
Pharmacy and therapeutic committee, PTC, Organization of PTC, Functions of PTC, Automatic stop order, Emergency drug list, ADR and safety monitoring, Role of Pharmacy and therapeutic committee
Function of community pharmacy, Organization and structure of retail and wholesale drug store, Legal requirement for establishment, Maintenance of records
Introduction to clinical pharmacy, Concept and Objectives of clinical pharmacy, Function and responsibilities of clinical pharmacist, Clinical Pharmacy services.
Pharmacy and therapeutic committee, PTC, Organization of PTC, Functions of PTC, Automatic stop order, Emergency drug list, ADR and safety monitoring, Role of Pharmacy and therapeutic committee
Drug Information Services, Drug information Sources, Illegal DIC, Drug Information Bulletin, Classification of scientific literature, services offered bu drug information services
Role of pharmacist in interdepartmental communication and community health ed...akankshasrivastava121
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Drug Information Services, Drug information Sources, Illegal DIC, Drug Information Bulletin, Classification of scientific literature, services offered bu drug information services
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Definition, Types of drug distribution systems, Dispensing of drugs to ambulatory (outdoor) patients, Distribution of controlled drug, Novel drug distribution methods
Discussed the Basic Rationale for medicine supplies management;
Overview of the medicines & supplies' management cycle
• Why manage medicines & supplies(Financial objectives, Operational objectives, Customer service objectives, Health objectives
• Benefits of efficient medicines & supplies management system to patients and facility
• Implications of inefficient medicine supply management system
• Components of a medicine supply management system, (Selection, Procurement, Distribution, Use, Policy or legal framework, Management support)
Material management is a scientific technique, concerned with Planning, Organizing &Control of flow of materials, from their initial purchase to destination.
Pharmacology I pharmacokinetics (Biotransformation and Elimination of drug)Subhash Yende
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Transport of drug across cell membrane; Absorption- bioavailability, Bioequivalence; Distribution: Plasma protein binding, Physiological barrier, Apparent volume of distribution, redistribution
Preclinical experimentation: An overviewSubhash Yende
Description of Preclinical pharmacology, laboratory animals, handling technique and route of administration, legal regulation, in vivo & in vitro experimentation
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
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Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
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Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
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We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
the IUA Administrative Board and General Assembly meeting
Community Pharmacy Management
1. COMMUNITY PHARMACY MANAGEMENT
Dr. Subhash R. Yende
Asst. Professor,
Gurunanak College of Pharmacy, Nsagpur
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Dr.SubhashR.Yende,GNCP,Nagpur
2. COMMUNITY PHARMACY MANAGEMENT
Financial Management
Financing is required to set up
a new community pharmacy in
order to maintain the medicines
stock and cover the expenses.
Purpose of Finance:
To purchase land, building, machinery and
equipment.
To purchase raw materials and other materials.
To pay salaries, wages and incidental charges.
To maintain stock and supply products.
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Dr.SubhashR.Yende,GNCP,Nagpur
3. Types of finance:
Fixed capital: Fixed/Tangible assets that are free from
financial obligation or debts.
Invested in permanent assets such as land and building, plant
and machinery, furniture etc
Working capital: required for purchase and for meeting day
to day expenses such as wages, salary, rent, taxes etc.
It is either fixed or variable
Sources of Finance:
Owned finance: generated by owner, partner or
shareholders. As long as business run it remains and surplus
is returned to the shareholders.
Loan (Burrowed) Finance: The capital is generated from
bank or other financial institutions. Interest is paid periodically
at a fixed rate, can be obtained against mortgage or pledge of
the property.
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Dr.SubhashR.Yende,GNCP,Nagpur
4. Material Management
Material Management is the planning, directing,
controlling and coordinating the activities concerned
with material and inventory requirements from the point
of their inception to their introduction into the
manufacturing process.
It includes
Procurement of material;
Maintenance of stock;
Issuing, handling and transport
disposal of material
Stocking and coding are important aspect of material
management 4
Dr.SubhashR.Yende,GNCP,Nagpur
5. Stocking
Functions of stocking
Receiving, handling and speedy issue of material
Custodian of goods in store against damage
To establish regular supply of materials
Physical stocking and its checking.
Efficient utilization of store space.
To provide service to the organization in most economic way.
Proper identification and easy location of items.
Stocking of Drugs in Drug Store
According to manufacturer
According to pharmacological action
Alphabetical order
As per old stock and date of expiry
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Dr.SubhashR.Yende,GNCP,Nagpur
6. Coding or Codification
Advantages of codification
It helps in easy identification of items.
It helps in grouping the similar items together.
The ambiguity in description of the materials can be avoided.
It helps in avoiding duplication of items.
It helps in physical counting.
It helps in inspection of the materials.
The coding helps in maintaining the secrecy of the items.
6
Dr.SubhashR.Yende,GNCP,Nagpur
7. Methods of codification
Alphabetical order method/Letter code
Mnemonic method
Numerical method/ sequence system method
Combination method or alphanumerical method
Location coding
(a) Fixed location
(b) Random location
(c) Zonal location
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Dr.SubhashR.Yende,GNCP,Nagpur
8. Staff Management
The process of hiring and developing the required personnel
to fill in various positions in the organization.
It involves the scientific and systemic procurement,
allocation, utilization, conversation and development of
human resources.
Importance of staffing
Staffing helps to build up a healthy organization in which the
job performance and satisfaction of every employee can be
high.
Staffing injects life into the organization by providing right
person for every job. The effectiveness of directing and
control functions also depends upon staffing.
Employees in the organization are the most valuable asset of
an organization. The quality of human assets largely
determines the success and growth of the organization. 8
Dr.SubhashR.Yende,GNCP,Nagpur
9. Infrastructure requirements
1. Selection of Pharmacy location
The site available must be most suitable
one available in the city.
Site of the pharmacy should be at the centre of the population
to be served to ensure accessibility and convenience.
Factors to consider:
Population characteristics such as population size, growth
rate, occupation trend, income distribution, prescription buying
power etc
Competitive characteristics such as number of competitor,
distribution, location and growth trend
Physician availability such as number and types of physician
Financing such as requirement and sources of fund
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Dr.SubhashR.Yende,GNCP,Nagpur
10. 2. Premises
Well built, well ventilated and with sufficient storage capacity
for goods material
Neat and clean environment
Easily identified by the public
Maintained with SOP
Separate dispensing unit and waiting area
Telephone service and constant supply of electricity
Drinking water facility
Displays of information leaflets/materials
Separate counseling area
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Dr.SubhashR.Yende,GNCP,Nagpur
11. 3. Furniture and fixture
Neat, well placed shelves for storage of medicine
protected from moisture, heat and light
Well furnished counseling area with table, chair and
cabinets for storage of records
4. Equipments
Refrigerator storage facility
Computer and software
Counseling room equipped with reference material,
charts, basic instruments like weighing balance, height
meter, glucometer, sphygmomanometer, stethoscope,
thermometer etc
List of equipment reported in Schedule N of D&C act. 11
Dr.SubhashR.Yende,GNCP,Nagpur
12. Reference
AB Budhrani, R. Usman, M Sharma, P Kumar.
Concise Course in Pharmacy Practice. S. Vikas
and Company.
RA Ahirrao, MR Patel, SP Pawar, A textbook of
Pharmacy Practice, S. Vikas and Company.
https://www.slideshare.net/BikashAdhikari26/manag
ement-of-community-pharmacy
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Dr.SubhashR.Yende,GNCP,Nagpur