Capacity Building for Disaster Risk Management w.r.t. Climate Change and Climate Variability: Project Experiences and Lessons from India. Presentation during World Meteorology Day at Ministry of Earth Sciences, India Meteorological Society, 23 March 2019 at New Delhi

1. Dr Anil K Gupta
Head – Div. of Environment, CC & DRM
NIDM New Delhi
Capacity Building for Disaster
Risk Management

2. Disaster Management
 Paradigm shift from Response & Relief to
Mitigation and Preparedness Centric
 Loss of Life – Reduced substantially but
economic & other “non-economic” losses and
damages continue to increase
 Legal and institutional mechanisms for disaster
Management, Plans and Programmes

3. Key Challenges
 Multi - Hazard Vulnerability Assessment at District /
Sub-district levels
 Understanding of changing risk scenarios with
anthropogenic/developmental and environmental
changes vis a vis climatic uncertainities
 Disaster Management Plans/Strategies
Mainstreaming at Sectoral levels (within Government,
Business and Community)
 Scientific and Systematic Approach to Post-disaster
Assessments
 Valuation of Non-economic impacts, i.e. environmental,
systematic & social impacts of disasters

4. New Policy Paradigm
 Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-30)
 Paris Climate Agreement (2015-30)
 Sustainable Development Goals (2015-30)
 Transition from Hyogo Framework to SFDRR
 Priority 4 of HFA (i.e. Addressing Underlying Factors of
Risk) became Priority 1 in SFDRR ‘Understanding
Disaster Risk’
 Evidence Based and Indicator Based Assessments

5. Environment, Climate & Disasters
 Stockhom 1972
 Rio Summit 1992
 WSSD 2002 (Rio+10)
 UNFCCC (UNEP+WMO)
 4th AR (2007)
 SREX Report 2012 (Asia)
 Paris Climate Agreement
2015
 1.5 Degree Report (2018)
 4x4 Assessment Report
(India)
 Climate change aggravates
hazards
 CC increases vulnerability
(land, people, infrastructure)
 Threefold relations:
 Environmental changes as driver
of disaster risk
 Disasters cause damage / losses
to environment (which further
aggravate disaster risk)
 Environment management
reduce disaster risk & vulnerability

6. Environment, climate-change and disasters

7. Emerging Issues
 Environmental change as risk driver - (i) climate
change, (ii) land-use & landscape, (iii) natural
resource degradation
 Vulnerabilities – governed by (i) environmental (ii)
technological and (iii) behavioural factors
Addressing underlying causes of vulnerability (HFA
Priority 4)
 Understanding Disaster Risk (SFDRR Priority 1)

8. The 2nd Paradigm Shift
 Disaster Management (DM) was relief centric
before 1991
 IDNDR 1991-99 (Focused on “Natural”
Disasters… no attention on underlying causes)
 New Paradigm since HFA 2005-15 (Priority 4)
 Approach of inter-linking CCA –DRR
“Climate Resilience” - central to DRR
 “Ecosystem – Landscapes & Disasters”
 “Pathways & Tools of Mainstreaming DRR”
◙ Turning point ….Sendai Framework 2015-30
(Priority 1)

9. Paradigm Shift in Disaster Management
 Response Centric
 Relief Centric
 Mitigationcentric
 Preparedness centric
 Disaster Centric
 Hazard Centric
 VulnerabilityCentric
 Environment Centric
• From Relief to Risk
Reduction
• From Compartmental
to Integration
• From Ad-hoc to
Organized
• From Single hazard to
multi-hazard
Climate Change
Adaptation
2nd
Paradigm shift

10. Approaches
 Previously …….Response & Relief Centric

11. SFDRR highlights
 Resilience
 Ecosystem Based
Solutions
 Integrating CCA
 Public Health
 Specific goals for DRR
– Monitoring
Four Priorities
1. Understand disaster
risk
2. Strengthen disaster
risk governance
3. Invest in DRR
4. Enhance disaster
preparedness
Emphasis on Recovery

12. Operational Needs
 Translating CCA—
DRR Convergence to
National / sub-
national and local
DRR /Development
frameworks
 Disaster Risk
Management Plans –
National /state, local,
sector specific,
department specific,
etc.

13. Strategies for Mainstreaming:
Pathways & Tools (Projects)
Blended Approach (Addressing Knowledge &
Capacity Gaps)
 Case Studies / Research
 Policies, Plans & Advocacy
 Training Manual / Modules
 Knowledge Based Volumes
 Upcoming Projects – 03.

14. Initiatives/Projects
 Climate Resilient Development & Adaptation 2006-
07 (UNDP/MoEF) Rajasthan, UP, Gujarat.
 Urban Flood Case Studies (8 Cities) 2007-08 UF.
 National Action Plan on Chemical Disasters 2010
MOEF.
 Risk to Resilience 2010: Strategic tools for DRM.
DFID, US-NOAA, ISET, WII, RF, GEAG, IIASA.
 Climate Sensitive DM Planning – Flood Resilient
Uttar Pradesh (CDKN-UK / ISET) 2012-13.
 Drought Vulnerability - Risk & Mitigation Analysis
2011-13 (ICSSR Funded )

15.  Indo-German ekDRM Programme: Environmental
Knowledge for DRM 2011-13. MoEF / GIZ / UNU.
 AdaptCAP- DRR Coastal (AP & TN) EU & GIZ 2014
 Ecosystem Approach to DRR (UN-PEDRR) / UNEP
ecoDRR
 National Human Resource Plan for DRM (2011-12)
as per DM Act 2005. HRP
 National Disaster Management Plan (2013 for NEC
on DM Govt. of India), NDMP Released 2016.
 Perspective Plan of NIDM’s Expansion &
Strengthening 2014. PP
 Prime Minister’s Agenda 10: DM Plan of Sectors /
Ministries at Central Level. PM10

16.  India Heat Wave Study 2015-16.
 Integrating Climate Resilience into DRR (Knowledge &
Training) Govt. of Maharashtra: Case Study
Compendium
 Establishment of ecoDRR Centre under Forest
Academy, Govt. of Maharashtra (DPR)
 Forest Fire…..FFMP
 Peri-urban Ecosystems for Urban Resilience (RF)
 Climate Change and Vulnerability of Children
(UNICEF)
 Policy Volume on Climate Change and Disaster Risk
Management (MoEFCC Sponsored).
 Climate Resilient Development Planning (NKMCC)

17.  Disaster Management Plan of Agriculture Sector
(MOAGFW).
 Disaster Impact Assessment (DIA) Integration
with EIA/Project Appraisal. UNU, PwC)
 Climate Change Adaptation Plan for Health –
Disaster Related Illness. (WHO/NCDC)
 Other documentations/Books.

18. Road Ahead
 Huge gaps in capacities (Knowledge & Professional
Competence)
 Demonstrable Solutions / Pilots / Case Studies
(Showcasing)
 Institutional network (Consortium framework)
 Collaborative programmes with Partner Institutions
 Research and Innovations
 Bridge between Science Institutions, Implementers
and Policy Process.
 Publications of lessons and outcomes.

19. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anil_Gupta15