This document describes the successful rehabilitation of degraded forest land in Wanagama, Indonesia over several decades. It began in 1964 with 10 hectares of bare land that was severely eroded. Through social, technical, and biological approaches including terracing, manure and compost application, and planting pioneer species, the land was restored. These efforts established 600 hectares of forest used for education, research, and sustainable community benefits like fuelwood and fodder. Wanagama now demonstrates best practices in agroforestry, endangered species conservation, forest genetics, and provides environmental education and eco-tourism opportunities. The restoration has positively impacted the community through development of local wood industries and improved livelihoods.

1. SUCCESS STORY
OF
CRITICAL LAND REHABILITATION
WANAGAMA EDUCATION FOREST
(Wanagama 1)

2. WANAGAMA
Wana : Forest
Gama : Universitas Gadjah Mada
: Wana & Gama
A forest managed by Faculty of
Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada

3. The Objectives
1. To provide a place for Faculty of Forestry
lecturers and students to carry out three-
part of functions: teaching, extension and
research
2. To conduct outreach programs for college
students, primary and high school students as
well as individuals interested in learning about
forest and environment

4. Forest area in Wanagama was critical
- bareland (no tree vegetation)
- soil was severely eroded (scarce soils
between rocks)
Background
Challenge for Prof.
Oemi Haniin to
conduct
rehabilitation

5. Rehabilitatation constrain:
• Physical Constrain:
• Social Constrain:
1. soil condition
2. climate
3. topography
1. poor people
2. less education
3. depend on forest
(long dry season)

6. Wood for houses
Villagers use forest
resources to meet their
needs
Fodder for cattle
Firewood for cooking

7. Establishment of Morus sp
plantation and cultivation of
Bombix mori (silk-worm) to
financing rehabilitation program
in Wanagama 1 House of Bombix mori
cultivation in Wanagama 1
Cocoon production
Financial Constrain

8. 2. Technical Approach
• Terracing
• Dung application
1. Social Approach
REHABILITATION STRATEGY
Soil development
3. Biological Approach
Vegetation succession
• Pioneer Legumes
• Extension
• Allowing benefits Fodder, firewood,
crops, wages

9. Extension & ZakatExtension & Zakat
1. Social Approach
• Traditional ceremony
Leather puppet
“Merti desa”
- Extension
• Religious event
Eid Mubarok Zakat
“Merti desa” is a ceremony to
warship God for successful farming

10. Social approaches ……. (continued)
- Firewood: dead twigs and branches
- Labor
- Fodder Dung and manures
returned to forest
- Terrace construction
- Seed collection
- Nursery activities
- Etc.

11. Social approaches ……. (continued)
Agroforestry system
- Grow crops
Alley cropping
Trees along border

12. 2. Technical approaches
Dung applicationTerracing
• Terracing
• Dung application

13. Acacia villosa Gliricidia sepium
Planting pioneer vegetation (Acacia villosa, Gliricidia
sepium and Leucaena leucocephala)
3. Biological approach
- Soil development
- Micro environment improvement Vegetation succession
Pioneer vegetation played important roles in the early
establishment of Wanagama 1
Leucaena leucocepkala
Multi purpose tree

14. - Started in 1964/1966
- In 10 ha area at compartment 5
- From a bare-land
Rehabilitation in Wanagama 1
Five spirits /
commitments to
develop Wanagama:
Spirits of Hard Work,
Smart Work, Sincere
Work, Collaboration
Work and Total Work

15. Base camp Survey location
Early condition of Wanagama 1

16. Leucaena, 1972 Teak, 1972
, 1973
Forest condition at
early establishment
(1972-1973)

17. AreaArea DevelopmentDevelopment
 1964 -1968 (Compartment 5, size: 10 ha)1964 -1968 (Compartment 5, size: 10 ha)
 1968 -1983 (Compartment 5, size: 79,9 ha)1968 -1983 (Compartment 5, size: 79,9 ha)
 1983 - present (8 compartments, total area 600 ha)1983 - present (8 compartments, total area 600 ha)
Compartment 5 : 79,9 haCompartment 5 : 79,9 ha
6 : 51,3 ha6 : 51,3 ha
7 : 77,7 ha7 : 77,7 ha
13 : 88,1 ha13 : 88,1 ha
14 : 90,7 ha14 : 90,7 ha
16 : 72,0 ha16 : 72,0 ha
17 : 64,0 ha17 : 64,0 ha
18 : 76,2 ha18 : 76,2 ha
600 ha

18. Map of Wanagama 1 :

19. Wanagama at the present timeWanagama at the present time . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
Planted in 1969

20. I. Grass & pioneer legume speciesI. Grass & pioneer legume species
Vegetation Succession inVegetation Succession in
WanagamaWanagama
II. Species trials of more commercial treesII. Species trials of more commercial trees
III. Commercial plantationIII. Commercial plantation

21. Intensive Silviculture ofIntensive Silviculture of
TeakTeak
Jati Mega Wanagama

22. Services in Wanagama 1

23. Facilities:
DormitoryDormitoryDining roomDining room
HallHallClass roomClass room
MosqueMosque
Wanagama as a Center for
Forestry education and Training

24. Wanagama as demonstration plots forWanagama as demonstration plots for
genetic and silvicultural trialsgenetic and silvicultural trials
Tectona grandis
Intensive Silviculture of Tectona grandis
- Improved planting material
- planting distance
- planting hole
- fertilization
- pruning, etc
Progeny test of
E. pellita

25. Ex-situ conservation of endangered tree
species
Sandal wood (Santalum album)
introduced in 1968
Ebony (Dyospiros celebica)
introduced in 1996

26. Wanagama as objects for
agroforestry research
Trees along border Alley planting (taungya)

27. Wanagama as objects for environment
education and eco-tourism
Natural regeneration & growth of various trees: Podocarpus,
Mahogany, Santalum album, Eboni, Legaran, Delonix, etc
Natural breed of
fauna, such as
birds, deers,
lizard (biawak),
snakes, etc
Waterfall & springs
Wanagama Outbond

28. Impact following success story of
Wanagama 1

29. Community forest develop in Gunung Kidul
(2012)
- Community forest: 35.400,7 Ha
State own forest: 13.000 Ha
Teak surrounding the houses and along path side

30. Local wood industry develop
Furniture Handy craft

31.  Grass collection from Wanagama forest area
175175 xx peper dayr day averageaverage 26 kg26 kg / person/ person
On footOn foot BikeBike (onthel)(onthel)
MMotorotor bikebikeCarCar
4.5504.550 kgkg (4,55 ton) / day(4,55 ton) / day
 Cattle farming (cows) develop