This document defines communication and discusses its key elements and nature. Communication is defined as the exchange of ideas, opinions, and information between two or more people. The main elements of communication are encoding by the sender and decoding by the receiver. Effective communication requires clarity of messages, two-way exchange, multiple channels, good listening, and proper timing. Barriers to communication can occur at the organizational level, such as ambiguous policies or inadequate facilities, or at the personal level, like lack of attention or distrust.

1. COMMUNICATION
NATURE, ELEMENTS, CHANNELS, METHODS,
EFFECTIVE WAYS

2. MEANING OF COMMUNICATION
 Human beings interact with each other through communication
 The word “communication’ is derived from latin work “ Communis”
 It involves exchange or sharing of ideas, opinions and facts between
two or more persons.
 It is the process of conveying written, verbal or gestural messages from
one person to another.
 “Communication is the process of passing information and
understanding from one person to another “

3. NATURE OF COMMUNICATION
 Two-way process involving a sender and a receiver.
 Message should be interpreted by the receiver in the same way as intended
by the sender.
 It should contain information or ideas
 Pervasive function – used by managers at all levels.
 On-going process – must be continuous interchange of messages.
 Does not mean mere oral or written messages – includes everything done
to convey the meaning.
 Speaking, writing, acting, listening, reading, observing, watching..

4. ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
ENCODING
DECODING

6. IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION
 Improves managerial performance
 Facilitates leadership
 Increases job satisfaction
 Reduces time and effort
 Enhances coordination
 Help public relations

7. CHANNELS OF TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION
 FORMAL COMMUNICATION
 DOWNWARD COMMUNICATION
 UPWARD COMMUNICATION
 HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION

8. CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION
 INFORMAL COMMUNICATION / GRAPEVINE
 Powerful medium to transmit messages at great speed
 Transmits confidential information which is unavailable in formal channels.
 Partially replace and often supplement formal channels.
 Preferred according to the nature and importance of messages.
 Proves to be more effective as it is more human and personal.
 May carry inaccurate information and spread rumours.

9. METHODS OF COMMUNICATION
ORAL
• Face to face contacts
• Mechanical devices
• Helps to interchange feelings and attitudes
• Lectures, group discussions, committee meetings, social gatherings.
• On spot queries to clear doubts
WRITTEN
• Written words
• letters, circulars, memos, bulletins, manuals, handbook
• Issue orders and instructions to the subordinates
GESTURAL
• Through gestures and postures
• Convey feelings, emotions and attitudes
• Waving or shaking hands, movement of eyes, pat
• Gestures by the receiver indicates response

10. ORAL COMMUNICATION
 Economical
 Personal touch
 Speed
 Flexibility
 Quick response
 Lack of record
 Time consuming
 Lengthy messages
 Physical distance
 Misunderstanding

11. WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
 Effectiveness
 Lengthy messages
 Economical
 Repetition
 Permanent record
 Better response
 Time consuming
 Expensive
 Inflexibility
 Little secrecy
 Lack of personal touch
 Misunderstanding

12. COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
CIRCLE, CHAIN, WHEEL, FREE FLOW

13. ORGANISATIONAL
AMBIUOUS POLICIES,
RULES
STATUS PATTERNS
LONG CHAIN OF
COMMAND
INADEQUATE
FACILITIES
MECHANICAL
OVERLAODING
SEMANTIC BARRIES
NOISE
PERSONAL
LACK OF ATTENTION
OR INTEREST
FAILURE TO
COMMUNICATE
HASTY CONCLUSION
DISTRUST OF
COMMUNICATOR
LOVE FOR STATUS
QUO
IMPROPER STATE OF
MIND

14. GATEWAYS TO EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
 Sound organisation structure
 Clear messages
 Two-way communication
 Multiple channels
 Good listening
 Effective control
 Modern instruments
 Human relations attitude

15.  ESSENTIALS OF GOOD
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
 Clarity of message
 Completeness of message
 Consistency of message
 Proper timing
 Credibility
 Empathy
 Follow-up
 Economy