This document discusses organizational communication and defines key concepts. It is divided into several sections: 1) It defines communication and its main functions within organizations as conveying information, persuasion, motivation, and emotional expression. 2) It describes the communication process including encoding, messaging, channels, decoding, feedback. 3) It outlines different directions of communication flow within organizations including downward, upward, and lateral. 4) It discusses interpersonal communication methods like oral, written, and nonverbal communication. 5) It examines organizational networks, the informal grapevine, and electronic communication methods. 6) Finally, it briefly mentions managing information and barriers to effective communication.

1. Organizational Behavior
Chapter No 11
Communication
Presented By
Md. Sazol Ahmmed
Lecture, Department of IPE,
RUET.

2. Definition
The sharing of information
between two or more
individuals or groups to reach
a common understanding.

3. Functions of Communication
Communication serves four major
functions within a group or
organization.
70% of day spent
Communicating

4. Here are the functions of
communications
Functions
of
Communication
Information
Persuasion
Or
Motivation
Emotional
Expression
Control

5. Information

6. Communication within the group is a fundamental mechanism
by which members show their satisfaction and frustrations.
Communication, therefore, provides for the emotional expression
of feelings and fulfillment of social needs.
Emotional
Expression
Communication acts to control individual’s behavior in organization.
Organization have authority hierarchies and follow guidelines
employees are required to follow.
Control

7. Communication Process
Before communication can take place it needs a purpose, a
message to be conveyed between a sender and a receiver. The
sender encodes the message
(converts it to a symbolic form) and passes it through a medium
(channel) to the receiver, who decodes it. The result is transfer of
meaning from one person to another

8. Communication Process
The keys parts of communication
process are:
SENDER: The sender initiates a message by
encoding a thought.
Encoding: Encoding is the production of a message.
The Message: The message is the actual product of the sender’s
encoding
The Channel: Channel is the medium through which the
message is travel.

9. Communication Process
Decoding: The decoding of a message is how an
audience member is able to understand and interpret the
message
The Receiver: Receiver is the person to whom the
message is directed.
Noise: Noise represents communication barriers that
distort the clarity of the message.
Feedback: Feedback is the check on

10. Directions of
Communication
Communication can flow vertically or laterally . We
further subdivide the vertical direction dimensions into
downward and upward direction.
Downward Communication:
• Downward communication is the flow of information
and messages from higher level inside an
organization to a lower one.
• One study found employees were twice as
likely to be committed to changes when the
reasons behind them were fully explained.

11. • Managers might think that sending a
message one time is enough to get
through to lower level employees most
research suggests managerial
communications must be repeated
several times and through a variety of
different media to be truly effective.

12. Upwards Communication
• Upward communication is the process of
information flowing from the lower levels of
a hierarchy to the upper levels.
• This type of communication is becoming more
popular in organizations as traditional forms
of communication are becoming less popular.
• Upward communication keeps managers aware
of how employees feel about their jobs, co-
workers,

13. Lateral Communication
• When communication takes place among
members of the same work group,
members of work groups at the same
level, managers at the same level, or any
other horizontally equivalent workers, we
describe it as lateral communication.
• Lateral co d
facilitates
mmunication saves time an
coordination.

14. Interpersonal
Communication
• Interpersonal communication is the process
by which people exchange information,
feelings, and meaning through Oral
Communication, Written Communication
and Nonverbal Communication.
• It is face-to-face communication.

15. 1. Oral Communication:
• Oral communication is the process of
expressing information or ideas by word of
mouth.
Major Advantages:
• We can convey a verbal message and
receive a response in minimal time.
• Best way of getting information to and
from employees.
• If the receiver is unsure of the message,
rapid feedback allows the sender to
quickly detect and correct it.

16. Major Disadvantages:
• The more people, the greater the potential
distortion.
• Each person interprets the message in his
or her own way.
2. Written Communication
Written communications include
memos, letters, fax transmissions, e-mail,
instant messaging, notices placed on
bulletin boards (including electronic ones),
and any other device that transmits via
written words or symbols.

17. • Both the sender and the receiver have record
communication; and message can be stored for
indefinite period.
• If there are questions about its content, the
message is physically available for later
reference.
• This feature is particularly important for complex
and lengthy communications.
• People are usually forced to think more thoroughly
about
what they want to convey in a written message
than in a spoken one.

18. Drawbacks
• They are time consuming. It take more time
in writing as compared to speak in oral
communication.
• Oral communication allows to receiver to
respond more quickly, but emailing a memo
or sending an instant message provides no
assurance it has been received that the
recipient will interpret it as the sender intended.

19. 3. Nonverbal Communication
nonverbal communication=communication without
words
•Nonverbal communication is a process of
communication through sending and receiving
wordless messages.
• facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, posture
include in nonverbal communication.

20. Organizational Communication
ree common small group Network
• Organizational communication, as a field,
is the consideration, analysis, and criticism
of the role of communication in
organizational contexts. Its main function is
to inform, persuade and promote goodwill.
• Th s

21. 1) Formal Small Group Networks
nd all channel.
lows the formal ch
• Formal organizational networks can be very
complicated, including hundreds of people and a
half-dozen or more hierarchical levels. To simplify
our discussion, we’ve condensed these networks
into three common small groups of five people
each: chain, wheel, a
i. The chain rigidly fol ain of
command.

22. ii. The wheel relies on a central figur
as the conduit for all the group’s com
e to act
munication
ll group
th each
ii. The all-channel network permits a
members to actively communicate wi
other

23. The Grapevine
d the grapevine.
and
ugh
ole of
• The informal communication network in a group or
organization is calle
•Although the rumors
gossip transmitted thro
the grapevine.
•Its still an important r
Information.

24. • One survey found it’s where 75 percent of
employees hear news first. When one executive
decided to resign to enter the insurance business, 81
percent of the others knew about it, but only 11
percent told someone else.
Electronic Communication
E-mail: E-mail uses the Internet to transmit and
receive computer-generated text and documents.
• Now a days it is the one of the best ways of
communication.
• It can be stored or recorded easily.
• It can be distributed to one person or thousands

25. • Drawbacks of e-mail:
 Time Consuming
 Don’t Check e-mail in morning
 Difficult to find one e-mail from thousand of mails.
 Limited expression of emotions
 Privacy concerns when e-mail monitored
 Can’t always trust the recipient of e-mail to keep it
confidential.

26. • Instant messaging and Text messaging
• Social networking
• Blogs
• Video Conferencing
Managing Information
• Dealing with information overload
• Threats to information Security

27. Barriers to Effective communication
• Filtering Data
• Information Overload
• Emotions
• Language
• Silence
• Lying
• Cultural Barriers
Reduce it with Cultural Guide