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Common+eye+problems+in+children AJAY DUDANI
- 1. I CARE FOREYE CARE Dr Ajay Dudani
- 2. COMMON EYE PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN DrAjay Dudani
- 3. Good vision iskey to a child’s physical development, success in school and overall well-being. If a young child’s eyes cannot send clear images to the brain, his or her vision may become limited in ways that cannot be corrected later in life.
- 4. It is essential tocheck children’s vision when they are first born and again during infancy, preschool and school years.
- 5. The American Academyof Ophthalmology and the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus recommend the following exams: Newborn. An ophthalmologist ,pediatrician, family doctor or other trained health professional should examine a newborn baby’s eyes and perform a comprehensive exam if the baby is premature or at high risk for medical problems for other reasons, has signs of abnormalities, or has a family history of serious vision disorders in childhood. Infant. A second screening for eye health should be done by an ophthalmologist, pediatrician, family doctor between six months and the first birthday. Preschooler. Between the ages of 3 and 3½, a child’s vision and eye alignment should be assessed by a pediatrician, family doctor or ophthalmologist.
- 6. Warning Signs Babydoes not focus or follow objects or do not make eye contact by 3yrs of age. Eyes are constantly watering and are light sensitive Involuntary to and fro movements of the eyes. Redness of eyes for a few days. Child tilts his head or his eyes seem to be intermittently or constantly turned in/out/up/down.
- 7. Eyelids tendto droop Child constantly rubs his eyes White colour in the centre of the iris(dark coloured area) of the eye Child complains of headache or feeling of tiredness while reading. Child holds the book too close or cannot see the words on the board in school.
- 8. Refractive Errors Refractiveerrors are problems in the way the crystalline lens and the cornea focus light on the retina. In order for the eye to send a clear, sharp image to the brain, light rays need to be brought to a point (focused) directly on the retina, and particularly on the center of the retina.
- 9. Myopia Near-sightedness (Myopia) occursin 4% of babies. A person is near-sighted when light rays are focused in front of the retina, rather than on the retina (specifically,light focuses toward the center of the eye rather than on the back of the eye).
- 10. Hyperopia Far-sightedness occurs in20% of babies. A person is far-sighted when the light rays are focused behind the retina, rather than on the retina (specifically, light focuses behind the back of the eye).. Most children can correct for far-sightedness by flexing muscles inside their eyes. This constant flexing can cause headaches, eyestrain, and turning of the eye (strabismus).
- 11. Asigmatism (distortion) occurs in 10%of babies. In this condition, the cornea is football-shaped rather than spherical, and so reflects light in a distorted way. Two perpendicular sets of light rays focus at different points on or near the retina, so the image perceived by the brain is warped. Astigmatism can occur by itself or together with other refractive errors.
- 12. Amblyopia Amblyopia, alsoknown as "lazy eye," occurs in 2% to 3% of babies.In this condition, poor vision in one or both eyes may result in the eyes not pointing in the same direction (misalignment) or in the eyes becoming crossed (strabismus). Amblyopia may be inherited or caused by uncorrected.Refractive error. Amblyopia results when there is a difference in the quality of the images recorded by each eye and sent to the brain. The brain picks the better of the two images sent to it and disregards the blurry or cloudy image. When the brain disregards this image, the visual system develops more slowly for the eye that sent the discarded image than for the eye that sent the good image.
- 13. Parents usuallycannot recognize a lazy eye merely by looking at it, because the problem is in the brain as well as the eye. The brain blocks vision from the lazy eye because the brain is unable to use both eyes together. An infant with normal vision learns to use both eyes together (binocular vision), and the pictures from the left and right eye are then combined (fused) into one picture by the brain. Because binocular vision permits us to tell how far away an object is in relation to other objects (depth perception), children with amblyopia have poor depth perception.
- 14. Warning signs ofamblyopia Most babies with amblyopia show no obvious signs of the condition, which must be diagnosed by an eye doctor. In some infants, however: The weak eye turns The weak eye tends to close. The child squints. The child constantly rubs one eye.
- 15. Treatment Patch therapy:A patch is worn over the good eye so the weak eye will be used and will develop. In this situation, the BabyEyesT DVD can help to stimulate and strengthen vision in the weak eye. Glasses, which help correct poor vision in one or both eyes. Eye surgery may be required in rare cases in which the child is born with a clouded crystalline lens (a congenital cataract), or if amblyopia is combined with strabismus. If amblyopia is not treated before 4 years of age, it can become permanent and untreatable. This is one reason why a visit to the eye doctor before 14 months of age is so important!
- 16. Strabismus Strabismus isthe medical term for "crossed" or "turned" eye. This condition occurs in 2% to 4% of children.
- 17. Crossed eye(esotropia) Walleye (exoptropia) Vertical deviation
- 18. Blocked tear duct Babies often develop a blocked tear duct (nasolacrimal duct obstruction). In this condition, the delicate drainage tube that leads from the eye to the nose is clogged, or the membrane that covers this tube's entryway does not open (as it normally would after birth).
- 19. Signs : Toomuch tearing (tears may even run down the cheeks). Watery or cloudy liquid draining from the eyes. Crusty eyelashes upon awakening. Constant rubbing of the eyes. Treatments for blocked tear duct Mild pressure is applied to the area between the eye and the nose and this area is gently massaged. Antibiotic drops or ointments are applied. Corrective surgery is done if the above
- 20. Ptosis Ptosis involvesa drooping upper eyelid that covers the eye either somewhat or entirely, and so blocks vision.
- 21. Conjunctivitis Conjunctivitis can refer toeither a viral or bacterial infection (both very contagious), or an allergic reaction (not contagious).
- 22. The eyeappears red or pink due to inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin, filmy membrane that covers the inside of eyelids and white part of eye. The eye tears and/or has discharge, and is usually itchy and uncomfortable. When a viral infection is the cause, the child may also have a fever, sore throat and runny nose.
- 23. Causes Reusing handkerchiefsand towels when wiping your face and eyes; forgetting to wash hands often; frequently touching eyes; using old cosmetics, and/or sharing them with other people; and not cleaning contact lenses properly.
- 24. What todo: If the child has (or may have) contagious pink eye, he or she needs to stay home from school or return home to avoid infecting others. Contagious pink eye usually resolves in three to seven days. When the tearing and discharge from the eyes has stopped the child may return to school
- 25. Other infections ofthe eye Chalazion: looks like a small lump on the eyelid, and may occur when a meibomian gland (an oil-secreting gland in the eyelid) becomes clogged. It is not caused by infection. Stye:looks like a red, sore lump near the edge of the eyelid; it is caused by an infected eyelash follicle. Preseptal or Orbital Cellulitis: is an infection related to trauma, an upper respiratory infection or an eyelid infection. What to look for: The tissues around the eye appear red and painfully swollen.The child may have a fever. More serious preseptal or orbital cellulitis infections can cause decreased vision, an inability to move the eye, and the appearance of the eye being pushed forward. What to do: Both forms of cellulitis are serious conditions that require urgent medical attention. Take the child to a primary care doctor or other qualified health professional who will co-manage the child's treatment with an ophthalmologist.
- 26. Computer vision syndrome The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) defines computer vision syndrome (CVS) as "eyestrain associated with prolonged computer use." On an average,children between 11-18 yr spend about 1.5 hrs texting. Children between 8-18yrs spend 7.5 hrs consuming electornic media. Working at a computer requires a number of visual skills. When you are viewing a computer screen, your eyes must easily converge so they point to the exact same spot on the screen. As you read the screen, your eyes must move quickly and accurately for sustained periods. And while maintaining a converged position and moving quickly and accurately across the screen, your eyes must maintain the proper amount of focusing.m
- 27. Studies alsoshow that people don't blink frequently enough when using a computer. Most people normally blink 16 to 20 times per minute. But during computer use, blink rates can drop to only 5 to 7 times per minute. Infrequent and incomplete blinking when using a computer can cause eyes to become dry, red, and irritated. It can also lead to eyestrain and blurred vision. In addition to the stress it causes on our eyes, prolonged computer use involves sitting in one position for long periods of time.Many (if not most) people have poor posture when working at a computer. This may be due to the physical setup of the workstation itself or because the user feels the need to lean closer to the screen over time to see it more clearly. The longer a person works at a computer, the more likely they are to experience stiffness, headaches, neck and shoulder discomfort, backaches, and arm and wrist pain from poor posture or overuse of certain muscles.
- 28. How computer visionsyndrome is treated The first step in relieving computer vision syndrome is to have a complete eye exam. If you use a computer on a routine basis, you should have an annual eye exam. Tell your eye doctor that you use a computer, and explain what type of computer-related symptoms you are experiencing. Let your doctor know as much as you can about your work environment, including the distance from your eyes to your computer screen. Also, let them know whether you typically wear eyeglasses or contact lenses when using a computer. Most people who use a computer for prolonged periods can benefit from eyeglasses prescribed specifically for computer use. These eyeglasses will help your eyes maintain proper focus on your computer screen with less eye fatigue.
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- 48. AMBLYOPIA IN LEFTEYE DUE TO CONGENITAL CATARACT
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