The document outlines common upper and lower extremity disorders including bursitis, tendonitis, impingement syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome, ganglion cysts, Dupuytren's contracture, calluses, and corns. Each condition is defined, with symptoms, common locations, risk factors, and treatment options discussed. The information highlights the importance of proper care and preventative measures for these disorders.

1. COMMON UPPER &
LOWER EXTREMITY
DISORDERS

2. BURSITIS
Inflammation of the fluid-filled pads (bursae) that act
as cushions at the joints.
The most common locations for bursitis are in the
shoulder, elbow and hip. But also bursitis in knee,
heel and the base of big toe also identified.
Bursitis often occurs near joints that perform
frequent repetitive motion.
Treatment typically involves resting the affected joint
and protecting it from further trauma.
In most cases, bursitis pain goes away within a few
weeks with proper treatment, but recurrent flare-ups
of bursitis are common.

5. Tendonitis
A condition in which the tissue connecting muscle to bone
becomes inflame
tendon — the thick fibrous cords that attach muscle to bone.
The condition causes pain and tenderness just outside a
joint.
While tendinitis can occur in any of the tendons, it's most
common around shoulders, elbows, wrists, knees and
heels.
Most cases of tendinitis can be successfully treated with
rest, physical therapy and medications to reduce pain. If
tendinitis is severe and leads to the rupture of a tendon,
surgery is indicated.

7. Impingement syndrome
Shoulder pain caused by connective tissue (a tendon)
rubbing on a shoulder blade.
Shoulder impingement syndrome is
a syndrome involving tendonitis (inflammation of tend
ons) of the rotator cuff muscles as they pass through
the subacromial space, the passage beneath
the acromion.
It is particularly associated with tendonitis of
the supraspinatus muscle.
This can result in pain, weakness, and loss of
movement at the shoulder.
Oral anti-inflammatory medications -- such
as aspirin, naproxen, or ibuprofen, remain the most
common treatment for impingement syndrome.

9. Carpal tunnel syndrome
 Carpal tunnel syndrome, also called median nerve compression, is
a condition that causes numbness, tingling, or weakness in hand.
 It happens because of pressure on median nerve, which runs the
length of arm, goes through a passage in wrist called the carpal
tunnel, and ends in hand. The median controls the movement and
feeling of thumb and the movement of all fingers except pinky.
 Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a medical condition due to
compression of the median nerve as it travels through the wrist at
the carpal tunnel.
 The main symptoms are pain, numbness and tingling in the thumb,
index finger, middle finger and the thumb side of the ring finger.
 Symptoms typically start gradually and during the night.
 Pain may extend up the arm.
 Weak grip strength may occur, and after a long period of time
the muscles at the base of the thumb may waste away. In more than
half of cases, both hands are affected.

11. Risk factors include obesity, repetitive wrist
work, pregnancy, genetics, and rheumatoid
arthritis.
 There is tentative evidence
that hypothyroidism increases the risk.
Being physically active can decrease the risk of
developing CTS.
Symptoms can be improved by wearing a wrist
splint or with corticosteroid injections.
Surgery to cut the transverse carpal ligament is
effective with better results at a year compared to
non-surgical options.

12. UNTREATED CTS

18. GANGLION
 A non-cancerous lump, often on the tendons or joints of
wrists and hands. Drain the cyst with a needle or removing
the cyst surgically will be an treatment option

19. Dupuytren's contracture
 Dupuytren's contracture is a condition in which one or more fingers
become permanently bent in a flexed position.
 It usually begins as small, hard nodules just under the skin of the palm,
then worsens over time until the fingers can no longer be straightened.
 Causes : Unknown
 Risk factors :Family history, alcoholism, smoking, thyroid
problems, liver disease, diabetes, epilepsy
 Treatment : Steroid injections, clostridial collagenase injections, surgery

20. CALLUS
A callus is an area of thickened skin that forms as a
response to repeated friction, pressure, or other
irritation. Since repeated contact is required, calluses
are most often found on feet because of frequent
walking and poorly fitting footwear.

22. CORNS
 Thick, hardened layers of skin caused by friction and
pressure.
 Overgrowth of horny layer of epidermis