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Common laboratory animals
The document outlines common laboratory animals, their characteristics, biological names, and experimental uses. It covers a variety of species including mice, rats, guinea pigs, frogs, rabbits, hamsters, monkeys, cats, gerbils, dogs, pigs, chickens, and pigeons. Each animal's unique qualities facilitate specific types of research and experimentation in areas like pharmacology, toxicology, and genetics.
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Common laboratory animals
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- 2. Laboratory animals arethose animals that can be bred and reared in laboratory under suitable conditions. Most common- rat, mice, hamster, guinea pig, rabbit Large animals- dog, cat, monkey, frog, pigeon, etc. Depending upon the special characteristics of animal and the study to be carried out animal is selected. The animal which is phylogenetically closer to men considered for the experiment Laboratory animals
- 3. MOUSE Biological Name :Mus musculus Strains -C57BL/6 mice -Balb/C mice -swiss albino mice(most commonly used) Adult weight : 20-25gm Suitable age for experiments : 1 month Balb/C mice
- 4. Characteristics -smallest -cheap -easy to handle Advantages -shortgestation period -short lifespan -small size -low maintenance cost C57BL/6 mice
- 5. Experimental uses • toxicologicalstudies(acute & subacute) • teratogenicity studies • bioassay of insulin • screening of analgesics & anticonvulsants • screening of chemotherapeutic agents • studies related to genetics and cancer research • study of drugs acting on central nervous system
- 6. RAT Biological Name :Rattus norvegicus Strains -Albino -Sprague-Dawley -Wistar Kyoto -Long evans Adult weight : 200-250gm
- 7. Characteristics • small insize • warm-blooded rodent • vomiting centre is absent, so oral drugs can be given • gall bladder & tonsil are absent • greater sensitivity to most drugs • because of the absence of gall bladder, there is a continuous flow of bile into the intestine used to study of drugs acting on bile, cholesterol reabsorption, etc. • pancreas is diffuse difficult to produce pancreactomy • clear lining between fundus & pylorus gastric acid secretion is continuous
- 8. Two inbred originalstrains of albino rats used Wistar rat Sprague Dawley rat • Wide head • Long ear • Tail length is lesser than body length • Resistant to infections • Longer & narrow head • Tail is longer than body length • Rapidly growing
- 9. Long Evans rat blackhooded rat cross between female albino & wild animal Spontaneous hypertensive rat For hypertension study and CVS disease study
- 10. Experimental uses • Psychopharmacologicalstudies • Study pf analgesics and anticonvulsants • Bioassay of various hormones such as insulin, oxytocin, etc. • Study of estrus cycle, mating behaviour & lactation • Study on isolated tissue preparation • Chronic study on blood pressure • Gastric acid secretion studies • Study of hepatotoxic compound • Acute & chronic toxicity studies • Study on mast cells • Rat brain tissue is extensively employed in radio-receptor studies
- 11. GUINEA PIG Biological Name: Cavia porcellus Strains -Dunkin Hartley -Starin-13 Adult weight : 400-600gm
- 12. Characteristics • Docile animal •Herbivores • Requires exogenous ascorbic acid in diet • Warm blooded rodent • Sensitive cochlea • Highly susceptible to tuberculosis & anaphylaxis • Highly sensitive to histamine & penicillin
- 13. Experimental uses •Evaluation ofbronchodilators •Anaphylactic & immunological studies •Study of histamines & antihistamines •Bioassay of digitalis •Study of tuberculosis & ascorbic acid metabolism •Evaluation of local anaesthetics •Hearing experiments •Study on isolated tissues like ileum, trachea, vas deferens
- 14. FROG Biological Name :Rana tigrina Strains -Rana esculenta -Rana pipiens -Rana temporaria Adult weight : 50-100gm
- 15. Characteristics • Cold bloodedamphibian • 3 chambered heart two atrium & one ventricle • Highly permeable skin(breathe largely through their skin) • Camouflage defensive mechanism Experimental uses • Screening of certain drugs like anaesthetics • To study the effect of drug acting on CNS, neuromuscular junction & heart • Study of isolated tissue like rectus, abdominis muscle, heart, sciatic nerve preparation, etc.
- 16. RABBIT Biological Name :Oryctolagus cuniculus Strains -New Zealand white(commonly used) -Himalayan black Adult weight : 1.5-3kg
- 17. Characteristics • Docile animal •Large ears • Big eyes • Warm blooded mammalian • Some strains are resistant to effective of atropine because they have higher concentration of atropinase enzyme in their blood • Skin is sensitive to irritation • Can’t vomit • Sensitive to histamine • Secretion of leutenising hormone(LH) in female New Zealand white rabbit
- 18. Experimental uses • Pyrogentesting • Bioassay of antidiabetic and sex hormones • Irritancy tests • Study of drug used in glaucoma • Pharmacokinetic studies • To test toxic effects of cosmetics • Good model for the production of antibodies & antiserum • Screening of agents affecting capillary permeability Himalayan black rabbit
- 19. HAMSTER Biological Name :Mesocriceius auratus & Cricetulus griseus Species -Golden or Syrian hamster -Chinese hamster -Winter white hamster
- 20. Characteristics • Short body •Short legs and tail • Loose skin & skin covered with dense short soft fur • Cheeks pouches are prominent & extend upto shoulder region • Cheeks pouches don’t have lymphatic drainage ideal site for tissue transplants
- 21. Experimental uses • Researchon diabetes mellitus • Bioassay of prostaglandins • Research related to virology, immunology & implantation studies • Research on carcinogenic & mutagenic agents(Armenian hamster) • For highly concentrated & prolonged smoke inhalation studies( European hamster) • Chinese hamsters have low chromosome number making it useful for cytological investigations, genetics, tissue culture & radiation research
- 22. MONKEY Biological Name :Macaca mulatta Characteristics • Structurally & functionally similar to men • Uterus resembles human & exhibiting regular menstrual periods Experimental uses • Psychopharmacological studies • Pharmacokinetic studies • Primate model to study drug metabolism • Study of drugs acting on CNS, CVS, GIT & fertility
- 23. CAT Biological Name :Felis catus Characteristics • Has distinct nictitating membrane Experimental uses • Used in cardiovascular, behavioural & biomedical research • Used in screening of ganglionic drugs • Studying the transmission of vitamins & minerals to foetus & newborn • Used in neuropharmacology, toxicology, oncology & chromosomal abnormality studies
- 24. GERBIL Biological Name :Meriones unguiculatus Also known as “sand rat” & “jirds” Have length between mice & rats Characteristics • Easy to handle • Mild and quite nature • Hearing curve similar to human Experimental uses • Used in stroke, epilepsy, auditory studies • Used in bacterial infections, lipid metabolism, heart disease studies
- 25. DOG Biological Name :Canis familiaris Characteristics • Small alimentary tract • Easily get trained Experimental uses • Study of anti-arrhythmic, cardiovascular & autonomic drugs • Good model for diabetes mellitus, reproduction, ulcerative colitis, open heart surgery, organ transplantation, CNS
- 26. Mongrel dog Beaglesdog This both dogs are most preferred for experimental purpose due to • Manageable size • Moderate length of hair coat • Docile nature • Easy to handle • Stomach & intestinal tract resembles human
- 27. PIG Biological Name :Sus scrofa domestica Characteristics • Less hairy skin • Susceptible to bronchitis & pneumonia Experimental uses • Study of skin related studies • Important model in cardiovascular research such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, etc.
- 28. CHICKEN Biological Name :Gallus domesticus Characteristics • Ease of availability Experimental uses • Study on toxicology & pharmacology behaviour • Studying avian diseases • Important models developed in chicken are chick comb method, chicken blood pressure measurement, heart rate, EEG, etc.
- 29. PIGEON Biological Name :Columbia livia Experimental uses • Study of antiemetics • Used for standardization of cardiac glycosides • Bioassay of prolactin • Used for screening on intravenous anaesthetics
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