This document outlines common emergency situations and treatments including minor burns, major burns, dog bites, and choking. It provides detailed first aid instructions for each such as running cool water over minor burns, wrapping major burns, cleaning and dressing dog bites, and performing back slaps or abdominal thrusts to treat choking. Key steps are summarized for each emergency like elevating burned areas, preventing infection from dog bites with immunoglobulins, and performing CPR if choking is severe.

1. Common emergencies

2. Common emergencies are
•
•
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Minor burns
Major burns
Dog bites
Choking

3. Minor burns

4. Minor burns
1. If the skin is unbroken run cool
water over the area of the burn
or soak it in a cool water bath.
Keep the area submerged for at
least 5 minutes.
2. Calm and reassure the person.
3. Cover the burnt area with a dry
sterile bandage or clean
dressing.
4. Protect the burn from pressure
and friction.
5. Administer analgesics.
6. Give TT Injection if the person
has not received it within last 5
years.

5. Major burns

6. Major burns
• Wrap the person on fire using a thick material
to smother the flame. Douse the person with
water.
• Assess & Maintain breathing. If no breathing
initiate rescue breathing or CPR.
• Cover the burn area with a dry sterile bandage
or clean cloth.
• If fingers or toes have been burned, separate
them with dry, sterile non-adhesive dressing.

7. • Elevate the body part, that is burned, above
the level of the heart.
• Take steps to prevent shock. Lay the person
flat, elevate the feet about 12 inches and
cover the person with a blanket.
• Monitor the vital signs until medical aid
arrives.

8. Do Not’s of major burn management
• Do not apply
ointment, butter, ice, medications, cream, oil
spray, or any household remedy to a severe
burn.
• Do not breathe blow or cough on the burn.
• Do not disturb blisters or dead skin.
• Do not remove clothing that is stuck to the
skin.

9. • Do not give the person anything by mouth, if
there is a severe burn.
• Do not immerse a severe burn in cold water.
Because this can cause shock.
• Do not place a pillow under the person’s head
if there is an airway burn. This can obstruct
the airways due to congestion.

10. Dog bites

11. Dog bites
• Clean the wound to remove its saliva
completely.
• Wash the wound under running water using
soap.
• Do not close the puncture wounds with
dressing.
• Cover the cut or laceration using dry dressing.
• Administer TT inj.
• Start post exposure prophylaxis against rabies
• Passive immunization using immunoglobulins.

12. Post exposure prophylaxis against
rabies
• Rabivir is the commonly used vaccine.
• 5 doses at 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days
• For people with poor immune system an extra
dose is given on 90th Day.

13. Choking

14. Choking
• Choking is the mechanical obstruction of the
flow of air from the environment into the
lungs.
• Causes:
– Respiratory diseases leading to respiratory
obstruction
– Compression of the laryngopharynx, larynx or
trachea.
– Foreign objects in respiratory tract

15. Clinical manifestations of choking
• Universal sign of distress
• Difficulty to speak or cry.
• Breathing, if possible, will be
laboured, wheezing and gasping will be noted.
• Violent involuntary cough, gurgle or vomiting
noise

16. CHOKING ADULT

17. CHOKING CHILD

19. Treatment
• Heimlich maneuver / Abdominal thrust
• Self treatment with Abdominal thrust using
chair
• Back slaps 5-20
• Modified chest thrusts for obese and pregnant
• CPR
• Finger sweeping
• Direct vision removal

20. Thank you