Colostomy
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This document discusses colostomies, including definitions, reasons for performing colostomies, how to prepare for and construct colostomies, potential complications, and care of colostomies. It references the history of colostomies and cites several sources on best practices for colostomy management and their use in children with large bowel anomalies.
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This document discusses abdominal wound dehiscence, providing definitions, epidemiology, causes, classification, clinical features, treatment, and prevention. It defines abdominal wound dehiscence as the separation of abdominal wound layers before complete healing. Risk factors include pre-operative issues like malnutrition or post-operative complications like infection. Treatment depends on the severity but may involve resuturing or supportive dressings. Prevention focuses on managing risk factors, using proper surgical techniques like tension-free closure, and avoiding post-op issues like infection.
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SLIDE CASE REPORT NECK FEMUR FRACTURE
- The patient is a 63-year-old woman who fell and injured her right hip one month ago. She felt pain in her right groin that worsened with movement. X-rays showed a Garden type 3 fracture of the right femoral neck.
- The patient was treated with IV fluids, analgesics, skin traction with a 3kg load, and was referred to an orthopedic surgeon. She was diagnosed with a closed, displaced fracture of the right femoral neck.
- Surgical treatment options for femoral neck fractures include closed or open reduction with internal fixation for younger patients or hemiarthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty for elderly patients. Complications can include nonunion, avascular necrosis, and hip
V Bobic - Stem Cells - BKS Cardiff 030217
An overview of orthopaedic stem cell applications presented at the 3rd meeting of the Biological Knee Society, Cardiff, UK, on 3rd February 2017
CONFERENCE ON THE BIOLOGY OF THE HUMAN DENTAL PULP (Classification of pulpal ...
The document discusses the classification of pulpal pathosis. It begins by outlining different factors that can cause changes in the dental pulp, including aging, dental procedures, diseases like caries and periodontitis, and trauma. It then discusses various theories of aging and how aging affects the dental pulp through reductions in size, cellular components and blood vessels/nerves as well as increases in collagen fibers and mineralization. Dentistogenic or procedure-related changes are also outlined, noting how operative procedures can damage odontoblasts and cause reactions in the pulp. The document concludes that classification of pulpal diseases must consider etiology, histopathology, and clinical symptoms.
Osteogenesis imperfecta
This document presents a case of a 5-year-old male brought in with excruciating right arm pain after falling off the couch. Examination revealed swelling and tenderness in the right arm with bruising in various stages on the legs and arms. The differential diagnosis included a right forearm fracture, Type I Osteogenesis Imperfecta, or child abuse. Tests were ordered and a working diagnosis of a proximal radial head fracture with Type I OI was made based on the patient's history of multiple fractures and the father's history of fractures. Treatment options and counseling were discussed, including referral to physical therapy and a geneticist.
Sonographic appearance of endometrial osseous metaplasia
Osseous metaplasia of the endometrium is a rare condition characterized
by the presence of mature or immature bone in the endometrium.[1]
Most cases present with secondary infertility following an abortion or
chronic endometritis. Some patients are asymptomatic, while others
have menstrual irregularities such as menorrhagia or oligomenorrhea.
Various theories have been proposed and the most accepted one is
metaplasia of the stromal cells into osteoblastic cells that produce the
bone.
Initial sonographic examination showing characteristic hyperechoic
pattern of osseous tissue within the uterus helps suggest the diagnosis.
Complete removal of the bony spicules from the endometrial cavity by hysteroscopy under sonographic guidance usually cures the patient.
Bioethics
The document discusses several topics related to bioethics, including stem cell research. It explains that stem cells can repair and replace damaged cells, and have been used to treat conditions like Alzheimer's, heart disease, and spinal cord injuries. However, stem cell research is controversial as it involves the use of embryonic stem cells, which some believe requires the destruction of embryos. Religious views and the debate around what constitutes playing God with human life are also discussed.
V Bobic OrthoBiologics - CKC Nuffield Seminars - 071017
The document discusses developments in orthopaedics moving from traditional surgical techniques towards biological approaches using regenerative medicine and stem cell technologies. It summarizes various surgical options for cartilage repair like microfracture, OATS, and ACI. Recent research suggests stem cells and concentrating bone marrow can improve healing of cartilage defects compared to microfracture alone. The subchondral bone unit is an important new area of focus, and combining osteochondral grafts with bone marrow may provide integrated repair. While stem cell therapies are promising, further research is still needed to demonstrate benefits over placebo. Overall, the field is shifting from mechanical to more biological approaches focused on tissue regeneration.
SURGERY1.pptx for medical students nepal
This journal club discusses a study that compared surgical site infection rates between open and laparoscopic appendectomy. The study reviewed medical records of 749 patients who underwent appendectomy over an 18-month period. It found that the laparoscopic approach resulted in a significantly lower rate of superficial surgical site infections, likely because the surgical wounds avoid direct contact with infected tissues. However, the laparoscopic procedure took longer and had a higher risk of organ/space infections, though the difference was not statistically significant. Overall, the journal club concludes that laparoscopic appendectomy demonstrates reduced risk of superficial infections and has advantages of being minimally invasive.
Recurrent Metatarsal Synostosis Resection and Interposition with Human Alloge...
1) The document presents a case study of a recurrent synostosis between the 4th and 5th metatarsals that was treated with resection and interposition with human allogenic dermal tissue matrix.
2) At a 22-month follow-up, radiographs showed healing of the osteotomy and regrowth of bone between the metatarsals without fusion, indicating the allograft successfully prevented recurrence.
3) The patient reported swelling and discharge from the surgical site for 8 months post-operatively, but ultimately experienced no recurrence with high satisfaction.
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Lipoma of the Small Intestine: A Cause for Intussusception in Adults
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Idiopathic Peritoneal Sclerosis: Case Presentation, And Literature Review
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Stem-cell therapy in medicine–how far we came and what we can expect?
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CONFERENCE ON THE BIOLOGY OF THE HUMAN DENTAL PULP (Classification of pulpal ...
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Sonographic appearance of endometrial osseous metaplasia
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V Bobic OrthoBiologics - CKC Nuffield Seminars - 071017
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Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapy
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
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Fallopian tube blockage may cause female infertility. For treatment, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can be a solution.
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
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Skin Diseases That Happen During Summer.
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LOW BIRTH WEIGHT. PRETERM BABIES OR SMALL FOR DATES BABIES
low birth weight presentation. Low birth weight (LBW) infant is defined as the one whose birth weight is less than 2500g irrespective of their gestational age. Premature birth and low birth weight(LBW) is still a serious problem in newborn. Causing high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. The nursing care provide to low birth weight babies is crucial in promoting their overall health and development. Through careful assessment, diagnosis,, planning, and evaluation plays a vital role in ensuring these vulnerable infants receive the specialize care they need. In India every third of the infant weight less than 2500g.
Birth period, socioeconomical status, nutritional and intrauterine environment are the factors influencing low birth weight
Pollen and Fungal allergy: aeroallergy.pdf
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Pollen and Fungal allergy
Presented by Chaloemchai Chumsaengchotsakul, MD.
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Challenges associated with ageing from a public health perspective
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DECLARATION OF HELSINKI - History and principles
This SlideShare presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the Declaration of Helsinki, a foundational document outlining ethical guidelines for conducting medical research involving human subjects.
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Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine and Antagonist
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
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Colostomy
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- 8. What are the unwanted but possible events that follow Colostomy construction? 0.7
- 9. Care of the Colostomy 0.8
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- 17. Daniel Pring 1.7
- 18. F. T. Paul 1.8
- 19. Goldberg M, Aukett LK, Carmel J, et al. Management of the patient with a fecal ostomy: best practice guideline for clinicians. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2010; 37:596–598. [PubMed: 21076257] 1.9
- 20. S.O. Ekenze, N.E.N. Agugua-Obianyo, C.C. AmahColostomy for large bowel anomalies in children: A case controlled studyInternational Journal of Surgery (2007) 5, 273e277 1.10
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