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Cognitive solutions
- 2. Data can exist in a variety of forms: - numbers or text on pieces of paper - bits and bytes stored in electronic memory - facts stored in a person's mind Data - distinct pieces of information, usually formatted in a special way. In computing, data is information that has been translated into a form that is more convenient to move or process.
- 3. Unstructured data White papers, articles, research studies, blogs, tweets, the body text of email. Structured data Spreadsheets, databases, phonebooks, specification sets.
- 4. 80% of the information or data generated in our world is a dark data. We may reference it to be "unstructured data". by 2020, 1.7 Megabyte of new information will be created every minute for every human being on the planet- that’s 2.4 Gigabyte per day per person Cognitive system!
- 5. Cognitive System Understand Reason Learn Cognition - the mental action of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses. It is a system which can:
- 6. Programmable computing: responds to requests and makes determinations, analyzing data according to predefined parameters. Cognitive systems: interact with humans naturally to interpret data, learning from virtually every interaction and proposing new possibilities through probabilistic reasoning.
- 7. Watson Built on 90 x IBM Power 750 servers 2880 POWER7 cores 15 Terabytes of memory Up to 80 Teraflops 500 GB per sec on-chip bandwidth
- 8. Reading Understanding Prioritizing How does Watson surpass traditional computer systems?
- 9. How to start? Sign in! Put data! Explore!
- 11. Smart data discovery Simplified analysis Accessible advanced analytics Self – service dashboards How it works?
- 13. Watson Oncology is a cognitive computing system designed to support the broader oncology community of physicians as they consider treatment options with their patients. Watson provides clinicians with evidence-based treatment options based on expert training by MSK physicians.
Editor's Notes
- Today we have 80% of the information or data generated in our world is a dark data. We may reference it to be "unstructured data". Think of weather data, sensors in your car, images, photos, videos, songs, speech recording, tweets, posts, locations.... etc. You name it, it is essentially the data generated in our digital world that can't be stored or processed by a database. Currently, only humans can process such data. However, with the explosion of the volume of this dark data (estimated by 2020, 1.7 Megabyte of new information will be created every minute for every human being on the planet- that’s 2.4Gigabyte per day per person), no human will able to process this data in his lifetime. So, we need a system that can process this data like a human but at scale and with very high speed. We need a system that can understand the world through sensing, interacting, reasoning using hypotheses and arguments and learning from experts and through data. 3
- So, a "Cognitive System" is system that can: Understand: Adapt and make sense of all data; “read” text, “see” images and “hear” natural speech with context. Reason: Interpret information, organize it and offer explanations of what it means, with rationale for the conclusions. Learn: Accumulate data and derive insight at every interaction, perpetually to increase the quality of its reasoning and decision process. What is the meaning of word "Cognitive"? Cognition is "the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses. It encompasses processes such as knowledge, attention, memory and working memory, judgment and evaluation, reasoning and "computation", problem solving and decision making, comprehension and production of language, etc. In a nutshell (in other words), it is the way we as humans’ process information to make a decision. So, Cognitive is person or a being that is able to use the Cognition process.
- What is the difference between a Cognitive System and a Programmable System? Programmable computing: responds to requests and makes determinations, analyzing data according to predefined parameters. This means their outcome is designed by the person that programmed it. These systems by design are pre determined based on a rigid set of parameters, defined for specific outcomes. These systems are what we consider deterministic. Cognitive systems: interact with humans naturally to interpret data, learning from virtually every interaction and proposing new possibilities through probabilistic reasoning. They do not give pre- determined responses but are probabilistic, this means they generate hypotheses, reasoned arguments and recommendations, period. Because of this critical variable cognitive systems can make sense of the 80% of dark data that exists in the world and they can scale to keep pace with the complexity and unpredictability of information in the modern world. In this new era, we need to look to a system that has the ability to think and consume data from a breadth of data types, this means relying on programmable systems for back office efforts, but cognitive systems to engage humans differently and critically advance our combined insight through social and physical interactions.
- What is Watson? IBM Watson is a question answering computer system capable of answering questions posed in natural language, Watson was named after IBM's first CEO and industrialist Thomas J. Watson. The computer system was specifically developed to answer questions on the quiz show Jeopardy! Which it won against best human Jeopardy champions. IBM Watson is a technology platform that uses natural language processing and machine learning to reveal insights from large amounts of unstructured data. Watson first needs to learn a new subject before it can answer questions about it.
- Reading Traditional computer systems depend on a knowledge base of structured information. They are limited in the kinds of information they can use, and that information must be analyzed and structured for them before they can use it. In contrast, Watson can read unstructured information and figure out its contents, giving it access to a much larger body of information and allowing it to digest (усваивать) that information with much less pre-processing. Understanding Because we train Watson on a corpus of knowledge rather than programming it, it does not rely solely on rigid decision trees. Instead Watson combines conventional searches with Natural Language Processing to more flexibly and completely understand what we are looking for. Prioritizing Because it works by building hypotheses and testing them, rather than running down rigid decision trees, Watson can show us its work and prioritize its recommendations to help humans make better decisions.
- Watson Analytics is a smart data analysis and visualization service you can use to quickly discover patterns and meaning in your data – all on your own. With guided data discovery, automated predictive analytics and cognitive capabilities such as natural language dialogue, you can interact with data conversationally to get answers you understand. Whether you need to quickly spot a trend or you have a team that needs to visualize report data in a dashboard, Watson Analytics has you covered. Smart data discovery Find the most interesting patterns in your data based on your own words with cognitive capabilities that offer starting points and guide you to answers. Simplified analysis Quickly understand what your data is telling you with automation that does the hard work so you can spend time using new, unexpected insights to drive your business. Accessible advanced analytics Connect to data without taking on complex data refinement or preparation. Accessible advanced analytics remove complexity and time-consuming tasks while backing your decisions with data you can trust. Self-service dashboards Share your insights in a dashboard or infographic you easily build from visualizations you save during data discovery.
- Watson Oncology is a cognitive computing system designed to support the broader oncology community of physicians as they consider treatment options with their patients. Memorial Sloan Kettering clinicians and analysts are partnering with IBM to train Watson Oncology to interpret cancer patients’ clinical information and identify individualized, evidence-based treatment options that leverage our specialists’ decades of experience and research.