Artificial intelligence pursues creating intelligent machines by understanding, learning, reasoning, and problem-solving like humans. It is relevant to many intellectual tasks and is used in applications such as autonomous vehicles, medical diagnosis, games, search engines, and more. However, AI also presents some challenges. The knowledge it relies on is huge, unorganized, and constantly changing. While AI can help organize and use knowledge efficiently, issues include unemployment if robots replace jobs, humans becoming too dependent on machines and losing abilities, and control and security problems if AI is misused.

3.  A branch of Computer Science named Artificial Intelligence pursues creating the
computers or machines as intelligent as human beings.
 Artificial Intelligence is a way making a computer, a computer-controlled robot, or
a software think intelligently, in the similar manner the intelligent humans think,
learn, decide and work while trying to solve a problem, and then using the
outcomes of this study as a basis of developing intelligent software and systems.
 According to Father of Artificial Intelligence, John McCarthy, it is
“The science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially
intelligent computer programs.”

4.  To create expert systems:
The systems which exhibit intelligent behavior, learn, demonstrate, explain and
advice its users.
 To implement human intelligence in machines:
Creating systems that understand, think, learn, and behave like humans.

5.  AI is relevant to any intellectual task. Modern artificial intelligence techniques are
pervasive and are too numerous to list here. Frequently, when a technique reaches
mainstream use, it is no longer considered artificial intelligence; this phenomenon is
described as the AI effect.
 High-profile examples of AI include autonomous vehicles (such as drones and self-driving
cars), medical diagnosis, creating art (such as poetry), proving mathematical theorems,
playing games (such as Chess or Go), search engines (such as Google search), online
assistants (such as Siri), image recognition in photographs, spam filtering, predicting flight
delays, prediction of judicial decisions, targeting online advertisements, and energy storage.
 With social media sites overtaking TV as a source for news for young people and news
organizations increasingly reliant on social media platforms for generating
distribution, major publishers now use artificial intelligence (AI) technology to post stories
more effectively and generate higher volumes of traffic.
 AI can also produce Deep fakes, a content-altering technology. ZDNet reports, "It presents
something that did not actually occur," Though 88% of Americans believe Deep fakes can
cause more harm than good, only 47% of them believe they can be targeted. The boom of
election year also opens public discourse to threats of videos of falsified politician media.

6.  AI has dominated in many fields such as
Gaming
AI plays crucial role in strategic games such as chess, poker, tic-tac-toe, etc., where
machine can think of large number of possible positions based on heuristic
knowledge.
Natural Language Processing
Interact with the computer that understands natural language spoken by humans.
Expert systems
Some applications which integrate machine, software, and special information to
provide explanation and advice to the users.

7. Vision Systems
Understand, interpret and comprehend visual input on the computer. For example, a spy-plane
takes photographs, which are used to figure out the map of the areas. Doctors use clinical expert
system to diagnose the patient. Police use computer software that can identify criminals with the
stored portrait made by forensic artist.
Speech Recognition
Some intelligent systems are capable of hearing and comprehending the language in terms of
sentences and their meanings besides different accents, slang words, noise in the background,
change in human’s voice due to cold, etc.
Handwriting Recognition
The handwriting recognition software reads the text written on paper by a pen or on screen by a
stylus. It can recognize the shapes of the letters and convert it into editable text.
Intelligent Robots
Robots are able to perform the tasks given by a human. They have sensors to detect physical data
from the real world such as light, heat, temperature, movement, sound, bump, and pressure.
They have efficient processors, multiple sensors and huge memory, to exhibit intelligence. In
addition, they are capable of learning from their mistakes and they can adapt to the new
environment.

8.  The knowledge has some unwelcomed properties in the real world.
> Its volume is huge, next to unimaginable.
> Its not well organized or well formatted.
> It keeps changing constantly.
 AI technique is a manner to organize and use the knowledge efficiently in such a
way that
o It should be perceivable by the people who provide it.
o It should be easily modifiable to correct errors.
o It should be useful in many situations though it is incomplete or inaccurate.
o AI techniques elevate the speed of execution of the complex program it is equipped
with

9.  The huge costs involved in its protection and maintenance.
 Unemployment, if robots begin to substitute human beings in every field.
 Automation can cause human beings stop using their thinking abilities.
 Over dependence on machines can result in losing their mental and physical
capabilities.
 Control of the machines in the wrong hands can cause havoc.
 Fear of robots over ruling humans, who should always be the masters of
machines. But if something goes wrong, would clever machines outsmart us ?

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