The document analyzes problems with the dashboard and displays of the Citroen C4, including issues with colors and dials being unclear, information being spread across multiple screens, and warning lights being in poor locations. It proposes a solution to simplify the displays by reducing clutter, improving contrast of colors, consolidating information onto three screens, and moving important warning lights to be more visible to the driver. The proposed changes aim to decrease driver distraction and improve the detection of important information.
LANE CHANGE DETECTION AND TRACKING FOR A SAFE-LANE APPROACH IN REAL TIME VISI...cscpconf
Image sequences recorded with cameras mounted in a moving vehicle provide information
about the vehicle’s environment which has to be analysed in order to really support the driver
in actual traffic situations. One type of information is the lane structure surrounding the vehicle.
Therefore, driver assistance functions which make explicit use of the lane structure represented
by lane borders and lane markings is to be analysed. Lane analysis is performed on the road
region to remove road pixels. Only lane markings are the interests for the lane detection
process. Once the lane boundaries are located, the possible edge pixels are scanned to
continuously obtain the lane model. The developed system can reduce the complexity of vision
data processing and meet the real time requirements.
LANE CHANGE DETECTION AND TRACKING FOR A SAFE-LANE APPROACH IN REAL TIME VISI...cscpconf
Image sequences recorded with cameras mounted in a moving vehicle provide information
about the vehicle’s environment which has to be analysed in order to really support the driver
in actual traffic situations. One type of information is the lane structure surrounding the vehicle.
Therefore, driver assistance functions which make explicit use of the lane structure represented
by lane borders and lane markings is to be analysed. Lane analysis is performed on the road
region to remove road pixels. Only lane markings are the interests for the lane detection
process. Once the lane boundaries are located, the possible edge pixels are scanned to
continuously obtain the lane model. The developed system can reduce the complexity of vision
data processing and meet the real time requirements.
Divide the examined window into cells (e.g. 16x16 pixels for each cell).
2- For each pixel in a cell, compare the pixel to each of its 8 neighbors (on its left-top, leftmiddle,
left-bottom, right-top, etc.). Follow the pixels along a circle, i.e. clockwise or counterclockwise.
3- Where the center pixel's value is greater than the neighbor's value, write "1". Otherwise,
write "0". This gives an 8-digit binary number (which is usually converted to decimal for
convenience).
4- Compute the histogram, over the cell, of the frequency of each "number" occurring (i.e.,
each combination of which pixels are smaller and which are greater than the center).
Artificial intelligence in autonomous vehicleGwenaël C
Présentation réalisé pour le cours d'anglais de la Licence 3 Miashs parcours Miage réalisée l'université de Toulouse Capitole conjointement à l'université Toulouse Paul Sabatier
Digital image processing the statistical and structural approaches and the graph based approach for image recognition with algorithms and examples and applications where graph matching is used in pattern recognition.
The presentation contains the details of Ergonomics along with different difficulties faced by Workers during actual work in industry
It depicts different Sitting positions eye, Color identification,color codes etc
Human factors and ergonomics (HF&E), also known as comfort design, functional design, and systems, is the practice of designing products, systems, or processes to take proper account of the interaction between them and the people who use them.
The field has seen contributions from numerous disciplines, such as psychology, engineering, bio-mechanics, industrial design, physiology, and anthropometry. In essence, it is the study of designing equipment and devices that fit the human body and its cognitive abilities. The two terms "human factors" and "ergonomics" are essentially synonymous
Mapping human behaviour with immersive expereiences by Jon DoddNeil Cooper
How do we develop products, services and websites that provide customers with a rich, immersive and satisfying experience? What are the little peculiar human behaviours that we need to be aware of and tap into?
Jon holds a DPhil. in Visual and Computational Neuroscience from Oxford University. As an academic he researched (amongst other things) how you and your brain judge attractiveness, discern the shapes of shampoo bottles, and make decisions when shown visual illusions (he can also tell you a thing or two about how faces indicate age, gender and trustworthiness and why caricatures work so well).
In 1999 he co-founded Bunnyfoot. The premise was (and still is) to help people create great experiences by applying the brainy bits from science and psychology.
Divide the examined window into cells (e.g. 16x16 pixels for each cell).
2- For each pixel in a cell, compare the pixel to each of its 8 neighbors (on its left-top, leftmiddle,
left-bottom, right-top, etc.). Follow the pixels along a circle, i.e. clockwise or counterclockwise.
3- Where the center pixel's value is greater than the neighbor's value, write "1". Otherwise,
write "0". This gives an 8-digit binary number (which is usually converted to decimal for
convenience).
4- Compute the histogram, over the cell, of the frequency of each "number" occurring (i.e.,
each combination of which pixels are smaller and which are greater than the center).
Artificial intelligence in autonomous vehicleGwenaël C
Présentation réalisé pour le cours d'anglais de la Licence 3 Miashs parcours Miage réalisée l'université de Toulouse Capitole conjointement à l'université Toulouse Paul Sabatier
Digital image processing the statistical and structural approaches and the graph based approach for image recognition with algorithms and examples and applications where graph matching is used in pattern recognition.
The presentation contains the details of Ergonomics along with different difficulties faced by Workers during actual work in industry
It depicts different Sitting positions eye, Color identification,color codes etc
Human factors and ergonomics (HF&E), also known as comfort design, functional design, and systems, is the practice of designing products, systems, or processes to take proper account of the interaction between them and the people who use them.
The field has seen contributions from numerous disciplines, such as psychology, engineering, bio-mechanics, industrial design, physiology, and anthropometry. In essence, it is the study of designing equipment and devices that fit the human body and its cognitive abilities. The two terms "human factors" and "ergonomics" are essentially synonymous
Mapping human behaviour with immersive expereiences by Jon DoddNeil Cooper
How do we develop products, services and websites that provide customers with a rich, immersive and satisfying experience? What are the little peculiar human behaviours that we need to be aware of and tap into?
Jon holds a DPhil. in Visual and Computational Neuroscience from Oxford University. As an academic he researched (amongst other things) how you and your brain judge attractiveness, discern the shapes of shampoo bottles, and make decisions when shown visual illusions (he can also tell you a thing or two about how faces indicate age, gender and trustworthiness and why caricatures work so well).
In 1999 he co-founded Bunnyfoot. The premise was (and still is) to help people create great experiences by applying the brainy bits from science and psychology.
Microcontroller Based Speedo Meter cum OdometerNexus
It is an digital speedometer-odometer which can be installed with a bike.
Digital speedometers are found only in luxury cars and high-end motor bikes.
The circuit uses an AT89C2051 Microcontroller, a 16x2 LCD display, 4N35 optocoupler, 24C02 EEPROM.
It is better alternative to the mechanical speedometer & even beginner with min. skill level.
Second workshop in the IxDA Seattle Social Good Series, led by the founders of Dupla Studios. Learn how to extract meaningful insights from user research, and create design requirements for solutions that will impact lives for the better.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2021/10/challenges-in-vision-based-adaptive-traffic-control-systems-a-presentation-from-sahaj-software-solutions/
Venkatesh Wadawadagi, Solution Consultant at Sahaj Software Solutions, presents the “Challenges in Vision-based Adaptive Traffic Control Systems” tutorial at the May 2021 Embedded Vision Summit.
Adaptive traffic control systems (ATCSs) adjust traffic signal timing based on demand. Wadawadagi begins by presenting the main building blocks of a vision-based ATCS, including pre-processing, vehicle detection, vehicle classification and vehicle tracking.
Next, he examines several of the key technical challenges in developing a computer vision-based ATCS and explores approaches for overcoming these challenges. These challenges stem from the need for an ATCS to perform accurate person and vehicle detection despite a huge variety of vehicle types, occlusion of objects of interest and difficult lighting conditions.
Vehicle Identification and Classification SystemVishal Polley
The VICS system for identification and classification of moving vehicles on the road side from the videos is a great importance today. The main goal of our project is to implement an efficient method for recognizing vehicles in Indian conditions.
How to Make Cars Smarter: A Step Towards Self-Driving CarsVMware Tanzu
We are moving towards the reality of self-driving cars, but we are still years away from fully autonomous vehicles. In the meantime, however, there are a number of things we can do to make cars smarter in order to improve the lives of drivers. We can use data and analytics, for example, to prevent breakdowns and predict problems before they occur. Technology can also help cars achieve better performance in extreme situations like hydroplaning.
The reality is that data collected by car sensors is underused today.
In this webinar, we will examine:
How to detect patterns in massive amounts of connected car data
Use cases for connected car applications, such as predicting failure of parts and subsystems before they occur
How to apply analytics in real time to help drivers avoid dangerous situations
How to leverage independent data sources to increase predictive value
Deep Dive: In the second half of the webinar we will give an actual example of how we apply big data technology to this problem.
Illuminating Roads: A Comprehensive Guide to Automotive Lighting Systems takes you on an enlightening journey through the world of automotive lighting. From the early days of simple lanterns to the advanced LED technology of today, this book explores the evolution, functionality, and importance of lighting systems in vehicles.
How Nielsen Utilized Databricks for Large-Scale Research and Development with...Spark Summit
Large-scale testing of new data products or enhancements to existing products in a research and development environment can be a technical challenge for data scientists. In some cases, tools available to data scientists lack production-level capacity, whereas other tools do not provide the algorithms needed to run the methodology. At Nielsen, the Databricks platform provided a solution to both of these challenges. This breakout session will cover a specific Nielsen business case where two methodology enhancements were developed and tested at large-scale using the Databricks platform. Development and large-scale testing of these enhancements would not have been possible using standard database tools.
Bertrand Fontaine - Deep Learning for driver/passenger detection of car tripsHendrik D'Oosterlinck
Sentiance's Bertrand Fontaine gives a few concrete use-cases for deep learning on sensor data: transport classification, driver/passenger classification, and driver behavior characterization.
Today, lighting control systems are no longer simply a platform for management of public lighting assets. They are a gateway to enable sensors and data analytics and additional value to flow from these assets. As an example, sensor-enabled luminaires can monitor and report on traffic data as well as air quality information, to help better inform our traffic services, city planners, and engaged citizens. Further to this, new technologies and approaches to communications makes realizing and analysing sensor data easier and less complex than ever.
This webinar discusses these topics and more, to help inform about opportunities to enable smart sensors in your city.
Speaker: Adam Chaffey, P.Phys, Technical Director, Smart City Lighting Products at Liveable Cities.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Empowering NextGen Mobility via Large Action Model Infrastructure (LAMI): pav...
Cognitive ergonomics Presentation
1. Design Analysis & Enhancement of
Citroen C4 Dashboard and Displays
Lynne Doran
Hazel Kidney
Orla Shanahan
2. • “ The trend today is to produce automobiles
that have exciting systems which enhance the
users' driving experiences, however, the
distraction potential of these systems has not
fully been considered. “
(Tretten, Garling, & Pettersson, 2008)
3.
4. Introduction to System
• Define boundaries – just the dashboard +
displays
• Existing use scenarios/task
6. Conceptualization of Problem –
Colours and Dials
• Target signal similar to noise due to lack of colour or
contrast -increase in false alarms and misses
• Lower contrast in both colour and size result in driver
taking longer glances (Kim, Dey, Lee & Forlizzi, 2011).
• Displays are cluttered – self-terminating search(Wickens,
1999)
• Rockwell (1988) – when complex displays require glance
durations beyond 2 seconds most drivers will experience
visual workload problems.
7. Conceptualization of Problem –
Colours and Dials
• Darker characters on light background – in contradiction to
UMTRI design guidelines (Green, Levison, Paelke & Serafi,
1994).
• Tachometer –should increase in an upward motion not
horizontally.
• Speedometer is digital – no congruence with mental model
of speed (Wickens, 1999)
• No colour used in temperature or speed gauges
9. Visual Search
• Four different screens
• Dispersal of information and incorporation of
unnecessary information
• The operator has to scan each screen, hindering
efficiency and increasing the time taken in visual
search
• Serial Search
• Target among stimuli model
10. Hazard lights
• Target Among Stimuli Model
• Operator searched through various distracters for
hazard button
• Parallel search; target defined using simple rule;
as experienced driver knew the hazard icon
• Blocked field of vision due to
design of vehicle
• Once attention was directed,
signal was located
13. Conceptualization of problems
• Drivers must have their attention on the outside
of the car rather than on in-vehicle displays (Baber
& Wankling, 1992).
• Signal detection
• Poor location – More important warning lights
further from drivers view
• Symbols not obvious or clear
15. How problems affect drivers
• All of these problems
contribute to driver
distraction, decreased
situation awareness and
increased mental load
• Drivers experience
many distractions on
the road, in vehicle
distractions should be
eliminated
16. Research Design
• Control and Display Survey – car owner, novice
user
• Field Experiment:
Novice user, completed tasks while driving
Dependant Variable – Time taken to complete
task
Testing attention levels
17. • “The dashboard does its primary job if it tells
you with no more than a glance that you
should act. It serves you superbly if it directly
opens the door to any additional information
that you need to take that action.”
Stephen Few
20. Proposed Solution
• Change colours – increase contrast and
introduce pictorial realism
• Reduce clutter – simplify display
• Move hazard lights
• 3 screens –split HDD and HUD dashboard and
CS
• Move information to more appropriate areas
• Move warning lights
21. Solution for Colours and Dials
• Use of light characters on dark background
(Green et al., 1994)
• Increase signal strength by using contrasting
colours and sizes
• Pictorial realism – colour depicting danger on
speedometer and temperature gauges
22. Solution for Colours and Dials
• Adheres to Nielson’s Heuristic Design Principles
(1994)
• Clutter reduced – unnecessary elements
eliminated
• Most commonly used instruments in a salient
position
• System should now be self-evident
23. Solution for Colours and Dials
• Speedometer – keep digital numbers but
include dial around outside – ecological
compatibility
• Analogue tachometer
24. Solution for Location of info
• All important information displayed in HUD –
speed, fuel gauge, engine temp
• Info in HDD – revs, warning lights
• Radio, sat nav, heating, in CS – extras will be in
CS so changes will not distract driver
• Reduces visual search
• Improves signal detection
25. Solution for Screens
• Improve visual search by reducing area
necessary for search – 3 screens, split dash
(HUD, HDD & CF; Primary and secondary
information)
• Change shape of screens improve UFOV
26. Solution for Warning Lights
Study by Tretten, Normark, & Gärling, (2008).
• Warnings for serious failures and mechanical
operation preferred on the HUD.
• Warnings for maintenance/service along with
reminders preferred on the HDD.
• Response times and driving was perceived to be
better when using the HUD.
Signal Detection
• Important warnings moved to HUD.
• Can be detected by a sound.
27. Warning Lights Solution
• Urgent serious warnings = red
• Important warnings = orange.
• Icons with text labels are found to enhance
performance, compared to icons alone.
• Enhance perceptions of usefulness, compared to
text alone Wiedenbeck (1999)
29. References
• Baber, C. and Wankling, J. (1992). An experimental comparison of text and
symbols for in-car reconfigurable displays. Applied Ergonomics,
23(4), 255-262.
• Few, S. (2006). Information dashboard design: the effective visual
communication of data. Publisher: O’Reilly.
• Nielsen, J. (1994). Ten usability heuristics. Retrieved from
http://www.useit.com/papers/heuristic/he uristic_list.html
• Regan, M. A., Lee, J. D. & Young, K. L. (eds.) (2008) Driver distraction:
Theory, effects and mitigation. Florida, USA: CRC Press.
• Tretten, P., Normark, C.J., & Gärling, A. (2008). Warnings and Placement
Positions in Automobiles. Luleå University of Technology.
30. References
• Wiedenbeck, S. (1999). The use of icons and
labels in an end user application program:
An empirical study of learning and
retention. Behaviour & Information
Technology, 18(2), 68-82.
Editor's Notes
The displays in the C4 are cluttered and contain lots of information – in fact the only display which contains relatively little information is the HDD or head down display which as Orla will explain should in fact contain the most important info. Based on the target amongst stimuli model we know that a driver will investigate items one at a time until they find the target, unless the target has some salient feature which the majority of targets in the C4 do not. In the case of the C4 the driver will have to look at a lot of unnecessary information and in more than one location. This will reduce the attention the driver is paying to their primary task of driving and will compromise their performance. In driving a reduced level of performance can have serious consequences with most accidnets being caused by driver distraction. RockwellIn the Citroen c4 there are only 2 colours and very little contrast in size. This means that the driver will have to take their eyes from the road for longer periods of time to find the signal they are looking for – again this brings us back to Rockwell’s 2 second rule. The quicker a driver can find a signal the less distracted they become and the less their driving performance suffers.Drivers may also be less sensitive to signals for 2 reasons – if the signals are constantly occurring or if there is uncertainty about the time the signal will appear (e.g. engine fault light coming on)
Consider the difference between the radio display and the speedometer; the former is generally digital nowadays, but the latter is typically analog. With the radio, it's important to know exactly what frequency you're on in order to set the right station, but once you do that you generally don't need to look at the display very often. In contrast, you look at the speedometer more often, but the exact value isn't as important. The different requirements lend themselves to different types of displays.In something like speed the exact value is not necessary, knowing the approximate value is sufficient The human eye and brain will notice a needle in a different position quickly and that is what you are looking for, "change" if it is all normal, the needles are in their normal position but if things are changing when they are not supposed to, that needs to get your attention applies to tachometer also
Driving is still the primary task and should have the highest priority, the previous design of the car did not allow the driver to carry out this primary task efficiently–as it distracted the drivers attention more than was necessary. Our solutions should help the driver improve their driving performance by removing unnecessary distractions and decreasing mental load.
Green et al., found that light characters on a dark background are more easily distinguishable to the human eye, this will help decrease the time needed to locate a target signal.The digital depiction of speed will be considerably larger than many of the other pieces of information available to the driver as this is one of the most often consulted instruments.Colour will be added to the speedometer, tachometer and temperature gauge. Red has a well established symbolic meaning of danger (Wickens ,1999) and will let the driver know at a glance if they are in troubleThese changes should reduce the time taken to locate a target signal,
By reducing the clutter the design is following Nielsen’s recommendation of simplicity, it will also reduce the distractors around target signalsIf the system is self-evident users will not need any instruction on how to use it
Ecological compatibility – physically speed is changing increasing or decreasing – should be represented by an analogue display not a digital one however, Kim et al., (2011) did find that people responded well to both the dial and the large numbers depicting the speed so incorporate both The tachometer will now be an analogue dial – not necessary for the driver to know the exact value depicted by the tachometerBoth of these changes should increase congruence between the drivers mental model, the physical environment and the interface, thus reducing the mental resources the driver needs when consulting these instruments.
