The document provides an overview of power system operation and control, emphasizing the importance of ensuring good quality power supply to meet customer demands while maintaining reliability and economic efficiency. Key topics include load forecasting, governor control, economic dispatch control, and system voltage control, all aimed at optimizing power system operations. Additionally, it highlights the need for monitoring and decision-making processes to manage system stability and respond to abnormal conditions.

1. POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL
TOPIC: Overview of POWER SYSTEM operation AND
CONTROL
Dr.G.Kannayeram
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR/EEE Department,
SRIT

2. POWER SYSTEM OPERATIONS & CONTROL
Power System Operations:
•To ensure the supply of good quality of
power whenever the customer demands.
•Power System should able to supply the ever changing load demand.
•Power delivered should be economical & reliable.
•Power System can be operated at the desired
operating level by maintaining frequency voltage & load flow
configurations.
Control:
•The Problems of dynamic & transient stability, steady state stability
voltage and frequency regulation, power optimization need to be
properly analysed.
•A methodology of overall system control is to be devised.

3. An Overview of Power system Operation &
Control

5. PLANT LEVEL AND SYSTEM LEVEL
CONTROL

6. BASIC P-F and Q-V CONTROL
LOOPS

7. BASIC P-F and Q-V CONTROL
LOOPS

8. POWER SYSTEM OPERATION
POWER SYSTEM OPERATION
(i)Load Forecasting,
(ii)Unit Commitment and
(iii)Load Scheduling.
Load forecasting
The load on their systems should be estimated in advance. This
estimation in advance is known as load forecasting. Load
forecasting based on the previous experience without any
historical data.

9. CLASSIFICATION OF LOAD FORECASTING

10. Need for load forecasting
• To meet out the future demand.
• Long term forecasting is required for preparing maintenance schedule of
the generating units, planning future expansion of the system.
• For day to day operation, short term load forecasting
demand and for maintaining the required spinning reserve.
• Very short term load forecasting is used for generation and distribution.
That is, economic generation scheduling and load dispatching.
• Medium term load forecasting is needed for predicted monsoon acting
and hydro availability and allocating.

11. FACTORS AFFECTING LOAD FORECASTING

12. FORECASTING METHODOLOGY

13. Governor Control
Governor is a device used to control the speed of a prime mover.
A governor protects the prime mover from overspeed and keeps
the prime mover speed at or near the desired revolutions per minute.
When a prime mover drives an alternator supplying electrical power
at a given frequency, a governor must be used to hold the prime
mover at a speed that will yield this frequency.
An unloaded diesel engine will fly to pieces unless it is under
governor control.

14. Economic dispatch control
1. When load distribution between a number of generator units considered
optimum schedule affected when increase at one replaces a decreases at
other.
2. Optimum use of generators at each station at various load is known as
economic dispatch control.

15. System voltage control
Control the voltage within the tolerable limits. Devices used are.
1. Static VAR compensator
2. Synchronous condenser
3. Tap changing transformer
4. Switches
5. Capacitor
6. Reactor

16. Automatic voltage regulator
1. Regulate generator voltage and output power
2. Terminal voltage & reactive power is also met

17. Load frequency control
1. Sense the bus bar frequency &power frequency
2. Difference fed to the integrator & to speed changer
3. Tie line frequency maintained constant

18. Security control
1. Monitoring & decision
2. Control
Monitoring & decision:
1. Condition of the system continuously observed in the control cente
rs by relays.
2. If any continuous severe problem occurs system is in abnormal con
dition.

19. Security control
1. Control:
1. Proper commands are generated for correcting the abnormality in protecti
ng the system
2. If no abnormality is observed, then the normal operation proceeds for nex
t interval.
3. Central controls are used to monitor the interconnected areas

20. Security control
1. Control:
4. Inter connected areas can be tolerate larger load changes with smaller fre
quency deviations
5. Central control centre monitors information about frequency, generating
unit outputs and tie line power flows to interconnected areas.
6. This information is used by automation load frequency control in order to
maintain area frequency at its scheduled value.

21. THANK YOU