Clopidogrel is a potent oral antiplatelet medication used to reduce the risk of stroke and heart attack in patients with coronary and cerebrovascular diseases. It works by blocking the P2Y12 receptor to inhibit platelet aggregation and is commonly administered as a 75 mg oral tablet under various brand names. Adverse reactions may include chest pain, fatigue, and dyspepsia, and it may interact with other medications like aspirin and warfarin.

1. Clopidogrel
(Anti platelet)

2. Introduction:
Clopidogrel is a potent oral antiplatelet agent often used in
the treatment of coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular
disease, and cerebrovascular disease.
 Clopidogrel is used for: Reducing the risk of stroke or heart
attack in patients who have already had a heart attack or
stroke, or have other circulatory problems due to narrowing
and hardening of the arteries

3. Systematic (IUPAC) name:
Methyl 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(6,7-
dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-5(4H)-
yl)acetate
 Formula C16H16ClNO2S
 Mol. Mass 321.82 g/mol

4. Brand name:
Brands available in Pakistan
• Lowplat 75 mg Pharmevo -(PVT)
• Clopid 75 mg Ferozsons (LAB LTD)
• Noclot 75 mg CCL Pharmaceutical
• Ogrel Plus-81 75mg Bosch Pharmaceutical
LTD

5. Dosage forms and administration:
Clopidogrel bisulfate (clopidogrel hydrogen
sulfate), most commonly under the trade names
Plavix, as 75 mg oral tablets.

6. History:
is marketed by Bristol-Myers Squibb and Sanofi-
Aventis under the trade names Iscover and Plavix
respectively, by Sun Pharmaceuticals under the
trade name Clopilet and by Ranbaxy Laboratories
under the trade name Ceruvin. It works by
blocking a receptor called P2Y12.

7. Clinical trials:
 Recent Myocardial Infarction (MI), Recent Stroke or
Established Peripheral Arterial Disease
Plavix Aspirin
• Patients 9599 9586
• IS (fatal or not) 438 (4.6%) 461 (4.8%)
• MI (fatal or not) 275 (2.9%) 333 (3.5%)
• Other vascular death 226 (2.4%) 226 (2.4%)
• Total 939 (9.8%) 1020 (10.6%)

8. Clinical pharmacology:
Mechanism of Action
 Clopidogrel is an inhibitor of platelet aggregation.
Clopidogrel selectively inhibits the binding of adenosine
diphosphate (ADP) to its platelet receptor and the
subsequent ADP-mediated activation of the glycoprotein
GPIIb/IIIa complex, thereby inhibiting platelet
aggregation.

9. Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism:
Absorption
Metabolism
Distribution
elimination
Rapidly absorb after oral administration
Highly metabolized in liver & Rapidly
hydrolyzed into its carboxylic acid
derivatives.
Distribute through out the body with peak
plasma level 3 mg/l
Through urine

10. Adverse reaction:
Chest Pain
Fatigue
Edema
Hypertension
Dyspepsia
Neutropenia
Epistaxis
Bronchitis

11. Drug interaction:
 Aspirin
Plavix potentiated the effect of aspirin on collagen
induced platelet aggregation.
 Heparin
Coadministration of heparin had no effect on inhibition of
platelet aggregation
 Warfarin
Because of the increased risk of bleeding, its
administration should be undertaken with caution