This document provides information about various climatic zones and case studies of buildings designed for different climate conditions. It discusses the climatic characteristics of hot and dry, warm and humid, cold and sunny, cold and cloudy, moderate and composite zones. It then outlines the human comfort range for various parameters according to these zones. Finally, it summarizes three case studies - TERI building in Bangalore with a moderate climate, Himurja building in Shimla with a cold and cloudy climate, and Shrujan building in Bhujodi with a hot and dry climate.

1. ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE
AND SERVICES
SEMESTER 8
HARSH A-1112
SIDDHANT B-3312
TEJ B-4612
SAGAR B-5012
VIBHUTI B-5712
MITESH B-3611
AMIT B-4011
SETU B-4311
SNEHAL B-5211

2. CONTENT
• INTRODUCTION
• CLIMATIC ZONES
• HUMAN COMFORT ACCORDING TO ZONES
• CASE STUDIES

3. Reference : National building code 2005 , teri

4. Hot and dry Warm and
humid
Cold and sunny Cold and cloudy Composite Moderate
Solar radiation High direct radiation
from sun.
Usually diffuse
radiation due to cloud
cover or vapor content
of it.
Intense with low
percentage of diffuse
radiation.
Low in winter with high
percentage of diffuse
radiation.
Intense in summer and winter
with low percentage of diffuse
radiation but very low in
monsoon with predominantly
diffuse radiation.
More or less uniformly
moderate all through the
year.
Temperature
Summer mid day
Summer night
Winter mid day
Winter night
Diurnal variation
40*-45*C
20*-30*C
5*-25*C
0*-15*C
15*-20*C
30*-35*C
25*-30*C
25*-30*C
20*-25*C
5*-8*C
17*-25*C
4*-11*C
-7*-(-8*)C
-14*-0*C
25*-25*C
20*-30*C
17*-21*C
4*-8*C
-3*-(-4*)C
5*-15*C
32*-43*C
27*-32*C
10*-25*C
4*-10*C
35*-22*C
30*-34*C
17*-24*C
27*-33*C
16*-18*C
8*-13*C
Relative humidity very low (25-40%) High (70-90%) Consistently low (10-
50%)
Varies between 70 and
80%
In dry periods 20-50% in wet
periods 55-95%
Variable between 30 and
80%
Precipitation Low generally
500mm per year
High generally
1200mm per year
Very low less then
200mm per year
Moderate, distribute
evenly throughout the
year annual total around
1000mm
Variable between 500 to
1300mm
Fairly well distributed total
annual rainfall usually
exceeding 1000mm
Winds Dust laden local
winds in afternoon
Usually 1 or 2
prevailing directions
with velocities ranging
from extremely low.
Occasionally intense Generally intense
especially during rainfall.
Mainly dependent on
topography.
Hot and dusty, during summer,
strong winds in monsoon from
south-east.
Variable, generally high
during winter.
Sky condition Cloudless skies with
high solar radiation
causing glare.
Generally overcast
causing unpleasant
glare.
Fairly throughout the
year with cloud cover
less than 50%.
Overcast for most part of
the year.
Varying overcast and dull in
the monsoon. Clear during
summer and winter.
Mainly clear, occasionally
overcast with dense low
clouds in summer.
Vegetation Scare vegetation
generally consisting
of grass, cacti or
thorny trees.
Relatively flat regions
with abundant
vegetation.
Mountainous regions
with little vegetation.
Highland regions with
abundant vegetation in
summer.
Extremely variable landscape
with rapid seasonal changes in
vegetation.
Generally hilly or high
plateau region with fairly
abundant vegetation.
Reference : climate responsive architecture

5. HUMAN COMFORT RANGE
Moderate
Temperature
21* - 27 * C in summer
20.5 * - 25 * C in winter
Humidity
20 % - 75 % RH in winter &
summer
Radiation
Air movement (wind)
5 to 11 kmph
Day light/ glare
DGP(day light glare probability)
DGP < 35% --- imperceptible
35% <DGP<40% -- perceptible
40% <DGP<45% --disturbing
45% <DGP –intolerance
Precipitation
Hot & dry
Temperature
21* - 27 * C in summer
20.5 * - 25 * C in winter
Humidity
20 % - 75 % RH in winter &
summer
Radiation
Air movement (wind)
5 to 11 kmph
Day light/ glare
DGP(day light glare probability)
DGP < 35% --- imperceptible
35% <DGP<40% -- perceptible
40% <DGP<45% --disturbing
45% <DGP –intolerance
Precipitation
Cold & cloudy
Temperature
21* - 27 * C in summer
20.5 * - 25 * C in winter
Humidity
20 % - 75 % RH in winter &
summer
Radiation
Air movement (wind)
2 to 5 kmph
Day light/ glare
DGP(day light glare probability)
DGP < 35% --- imperceptible
35% <DGP<40% -- perceptible
40% <DGP<45% --disturbing
45% <DGP –intolerance
Precipitation
Reference :Book: climate responsive architecture , www.rnh3bc.wordpress.com, www.iawe.org,
www.utexus.edu, www.energydesigntools&ucla.edu, www.intigrateddesignlab.com

6. CASE STUDIES
TERI (MODERATE) , BANGALORE
HIMURJA BUILDING (COLD & CLOUDY) , SHIMLA
SHRUJAN (HOT&DRY) , BHUJODI
Reference : National building code 2005

7. HIMURJA BUILDING
(COLD & CLOUDY)
SHRUJAN (HOT&DRY)
Rainfall : 323 mm
Climate : hot & dry
Wind speed : max - 45 kmph ,
min - 12 kmph
Temperature : max - 49* C
min - 19.5* C
Humidity : 40% to 55 RH %
Rainfall : 1500 mm
Climate : cold & cloudy
Wind speed : max – 14.76 kmph ,
min – 3.6 kmph
Temperature : Summer max - 28*C
Winter min - 3*C
Humidity : 22% to 73% RH
TERI (MODERATE)
Green cover : 40%
Rainfall : 970 mm
Climate : moderate
Wind speed : max - 34 kmph ,
min – 7 kmph
Temperature : Summer max - 35* C
Winter min - 14* C
Humidity : 50% to 65% RH
Reference : Book: climate responsive architecture ,Book: Energy efficient building in India,
www.climatedata.org

8. Climate of Banglore
North
EastWest
South
May – October
November – March
Solar radiation 19.70 MJ m-2 day-1

9. LVL + 5.65
LVL + 6.0
LVL + 8.0
LVL + 8.3
LVL + 7.2
Rainfall : 970 mm

11. Climatic zone – cold and cloudy
Long winter – October to February
Pleasant summer – may and june
Monsoon with high level of precipitation – july and august
Himurja office building – Shimla
Rainfall : 1500 mm
Climate : cold & cloudy
Wind speed : max – 14.76 kmph ,
min – 3.6 kmph
Temperature : Summer max - 28*C
Winter min - 3*C
Humidity : 22% to 73% RH
Reference : National building code 2005

12. N

13. • Type of material used:-
- corrugated red mud sheeting.
-patent double glazing panels.
-prismatic ratable trombe wall.
-hard plastic and double glazed
windows with proper glazed
sealing to minimize infiltration.
-air heating panels are used in south
wall that effected to gain
heat.
-insulated RCC diaphragm are used in
north wall that prevent to loss heat.
Temperature

14. • Type of system used :-
- two levels solarium that is light
shelf and viewing window is used
at south wall as a air heating panel
to gain heat.
-solar chimney is used with
insulated roof that prevent heat
loss.
-integration of window and light
shelves ensures effective day light
distribution.
-good insulation of 5 cm thick glass
wool and mini fenestration(only in
toilets) on north wall to prevent
heat loss.

16. • Renewable energy system :-
-photovoltaic system of 1.5 kwp meets the energy demand for lightning.
-roof mounted solar hot water system (1000 liter per day) - water is circulated through radiators for space
heating specially in the northern space.
-as January is the coldest month of this place but this building does not need any auxiliary heaters.
-daylight distributions allows good availability of daylight in the working zone – 150 LUX.
-no electrical heating energy for heating, lightning, in daytime, and for hot water – which has achieved
through a solar water heating system.
-”zero energy consuming” during daytime.

17. Shrujan
Rainfall : 323 mm
Climate : hot & dry
Wind speed : max - 45 kmph ,
min - 12 kmph
Temperature : max - 49* C
min - 19.5* C
Humidity : 40% to 55 RH %