A full teaching learning slides on climate of Pakistan aimed for the support of 0 level students and teachers in the subject Environment of Pakistan 2059/2

1. Climate Of Pakistan
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2. WEATHER
 Weather is an atmospheric condition that is
constantly changing. It is not predictable nor will it
repeat itself in the same sequence
 Weather does not repeat itself in the same manner
like the climate does, e.g. seasons are climatic
conditions; therefore summer, winter, autumn will
come and repeat itself around same time and within
same conditions.
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THE WEATHER INSTRUMENTS

4. RECOGNISE THE WEATHER INSTRUMENTS
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5. CLIMATE
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 Climate is the generalised condition that will follow
a specific sequence (It will repeat itself and
maintain the average weather for long periods like
the whole summer will be hot with varying
atmospheric conditions just like whole winter will
be cold weather etc
 Climate takes hundreds, thousands, even millions
of years to change e.g. climate change happening
..............
 We are witnessing changes as specific weather
conditions like raised temperature, harsh winds,
limited rain etc. till one day it will manifest as the
climate!

6. CLIMATIC ZONES
There are four diverse climatic zones in Pakistan
due to the varying topographical features
The Climatic Zones are
1. Highland Zone Climate
2. Lowland Zone Climate
3. Coastal Zone Climate
4. Arid Zone Climate
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7. c
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8. CLIMATIC ZONE LOCATIONS
Highland
Zone
Low Land Zone Coastal Zone Arid Zone
North , North
Western
mountains and
Western
Mountains
The whole Indus
plain - Both
Upper and
Lower
Whole
Coastal line
Makran Coast
Karachi Coast
South eastern
deserts and
South western
parts of
Balochistan
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CLIMATIC ZONES – LOCATION

9. MARITIME INFLUENCE
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10. NIGHT AND DAY BREEZES
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MARITIME INFLUENCE : Day & Night

11. SEASONS & PREVAILING CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
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SEASONS OF PAKISTAN

12. WORKSHEET ON SEASONS – Refer Fig 2.8 page 31
Fill in the information – 20 marks
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Seasons Effect seen on Climatic
Zones
Why ( refer to the factors
affecting temperature
Winter
Mid Dec - March
Summer
April – June
Monsoon
July - September
Post Monsoon
Oct –Mid Dec

13. FACTORS AFFECTING TEMPERATURE
1. Latitudinal Effect
2. Continental Effect
3. Altitude and Temperature
4. Cloud Cover and temperature
5. Latitude and angle of sun
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15. RAINS Of PAKISTAN
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16. THE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE
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17. Hydrological/ Water Cycle
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Evaporation
Vapour & Clouds
Transport
Condensation
Precipitation
What happens then
1. Run off Absorption river flow
2. Run off infiltration percolation
Groundwater

18. Sources of Rainfall in Pakistan
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1. Monsoon Rains
2. Western Depressions
3. Convectional Currents causing Thunder
storms
4. Relief rainfall
5. Tropical Cyclones

19. Monsoon RAINS or SEASONAL RAINS
Summer are South west winds
Winter are North east winds
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20. MONSOON RAINFALL
June to September
 Monsoon winds develop when the sun heats up the
tropical continents much faster then the oceans
around . Warm air rising creates low pressure
which attracts cool moist air from the sea therefore
the rain bearing winds come inland and bring rain
 Starts from the Bay of Bengal crosses Bangladesh
and north India entering Northern east Pakistan
 Weak winds blow from Arabian sea but at times
they merge making an over active monsoon in
Karachi
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21. MONSOON BENEFITS THE EAST
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The winds start to blow
from June by July it
reaches Pakistan and
enter Northern part of
Pakistan
Punjab Majority
rainfall and lowering
winds come to Sindh in
the eastern part of
Pakistan

22. MONSOON RAINS – RECOGNISE THE WINDS
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23. IMPORTANCE OF MONSOON RAIN
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1. The rainy season, or monsoon season, is the time of
year when most of a region's average annual rainfall
occurs.
2. Summer monsoon season in Pakistan is of
great importance for its agricultural, economic and
social purposes.
3. These rains are not only used for water needs of
plants in agricultural sector but also to kill the
insects by physical beating.

24. WESTERN DEPRESSIONS
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Journey begins from the Mediterranean sea to
Afghanistan and Iran
Enters North Western part of Pakistan such as
Peshawar and by the time it reaches south
western parts – Baluchistan they are drained
off the moisture

25. THE WESTERN DEPRESSIONS
December to March
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26. CONVECTIONAL CURRENTS - THUNDER STORMS
 Extreme heat in the summer will make the hot
moisture air to rise ( May & June)
 Mainly in the highland zone like northern
Punjab and KPK
 Other then the regular rains
 Usually manifest itself as thunderstorm –
strong winds and dust
 Southern Pakistan is deprived of convectional
rainfall due to the temperature inversion layer
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27. INVERSION LAYER
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Inability of the water vapor to condense due to the
warm winds that do not allow the vapor to move up

28. RELIEF RAINFALL
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NO RAIN
RAIN

29. RELIEF RAIN
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 Relief Rainfall is when the wind is forced to cool as it is getting
higher because it is hitting high mountainous areas and then
as it starts to lower again.
 This is called relief rainfall because the cloud is being relieved
of the weight of the vapour

30. TROPICAL CYCLONES
1. Few hours of heavy rain and destructive
winds to the coastal areas .
2. They originate from Arabian sea
3. Does not happen often or regularly but it can
happen once in a few years
4. This type of rain can happen at anytime near
the coastland
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31. Difference Between
Thunder storms & Tropical Cyclones
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Thunder storms are strong charged winds that blow
aggressively . They contain dust and other
atmospheric particles. They can occur during the early
summer pre-monsoon time
Whereas
Tropical cyclones bring few hours of heavy rains and
destructive winds to the coastal areas . They originate
from Arabian sea frequently but very rarely able to
reach the coast . These cyclones every few years and
cannot be easily predicted

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33. EFFECTIVENESS OF RAINFALL
1. The two major rains of Pakistan are the Monsoon and
The Western depressions.
2. These rains are not always reliable they differ in
amount, timing and distribution
3. This is why not always reliable for agriculture
especially when the hot summers from June to
September leading to higher degree of evapo-
transpiration
4. Heavy showers is not very affective for agriculture
because it has aggressive run –off
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34. Factors affecting the differences in Climate
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1. High temperature due to the Latitudinal effect
2. Relief rain fall in high altitude areas like the north and
northwestern mountains
3. Monsoon winds /Summer rains to Indus plains and northern
Pakistan
4. Maritime influence at the coastal areas – low temperature and
high humidity because the coastal winds keep the temperature
comparatively low in summer and high in winter
5. Western Depressions benefit the western part during winter
Also known as the winter rains
6. Convectional currents are other than regular rains
7. Convectional currents do not happen in southern Pakistan due
to the Inversion layer
8. Central Pakistan is warmer due to the continental effect
9. Tropical cyclone bring destructive winds from the Arabian sea

35. PRACTICE QUESTION # 1
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36. PRACTICE QUESTION # 2
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1. Name the areas of
High rainfall A & B (2)
2. Name the body of
water that is the
source of moisture for
each of the monsoon
winds X and Y (2)

37. PRACTICE QUESTION # 3
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