This document provides information about the climate of India for a geography class. It outlines the key points that will be covered, including the concepts of weather and climate, climatic diversity in India, factors affecting the Indian climate, the mechanism of the monsoon, and the seasons of India. The document then goes on to define these terms and concepts in more detail and provide examples to illustrate climatic variations and phenomena within India. It concludes with evaluation questions and map activities for students.

2. DR. DURGESH NANDINI BISWAL
PGT, KIIT INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
Subject: Geography
Class: IX

3. ►Familiarize students with the terms, key concepts and
basic principles associated with the climate of India.
►Provide them idea about the mechanism of Indian
monsoon.
►Study the climate of India through the understanding
and analysis of local climate.
►Explore the causative factor of the spatial variations in
the climate of the country.
►Understand and analyze the variation of climatic
phenomenon in the cycle of seasons.
►Make students aware of the change in climate (global
warming) at local level to understand it at national and
global level.

4. POINTS TO BE COVERED
CONCEPT OF WEATHER AND
CLIMATE
CLIMATIC DIVERSITY
FACTORS AFFECTING INDIAN
CLIMATE
MECHANISM OF MONSOON
SEASONS OF INDIA

5. WEATHER

6. CLIMATE

7. Let us examine…
Why does weather change
spatially & temporally?

8. 550C temperature
in June
Tawang 190C in
June
Drass -450C in
December night
Tiruvanantapuram &
Chennai 200C in
December night
Kerala Diurnal
range of
temperature 80C
Thar desert
Diurnal range of
temperature 300C
Cherrapunji &
Mawsynram have
1080cm rain
MONSOON REGIME IS THE UNITY OF INDIA
Jaisalmer receives
9cm rainfall

9. FACTORS AFFECTING INDIAN CLIMATE
RELATED TO LOCATION
& RELIEF
RELATED TO AIR
PRESSURE & WIND
•Latitude
•The Himalayan Mt.
•Distribution of Land & water
•Distance from Sea
•Altitude
•Relief
Surface pressure & wind
Upper air circulation
Western cyclones
FAQ

10. EQUATORIAL REGION
LATITUDE
High Temp
Low range
High range
of Temp
FAQ

11. ARABIAN
SEA
BAY OF
BENGAL
INDIAN OCEAN
DISTRIBUTION OF LAND & WATER
HIGH PRESSURE
IN WINTER
FAQ

12. MUMBAI
CHENNAI
KOLKOTA
DELHI
SIMLA
DISTANCE FROM SEA
Coastal areas have equable climate where as Interior
parts have extreme climate.

13. AGRA
160C in Jan DARJEELING
40C in January
ALTITUDE
HIGH ALTITUDE
LOW ALTITUDE
Temperature decreased
from low to high altitude
FAQ

14. Receives high
rainfall
Receives low
rainfall
RELIEF
FAQ

15. THE HIMALAYAS- CLIMATIC BARRIER

16. PRESSURE AND WINDS
 PRESSURE AND SURFACE WINDS
UPPER AIR CIRCULATION
WESTERN CYCLONIC
DISTURBANCES AND TROPICAL
CYCLONES

18. NORTH-EAST
TRADE WIND
SOUTH-EAST
TRADE WIND
INTER TROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE
SUB TROPICAL HIGH PRESSURE
SUB TROPICAL HIGH PRESSURE
SUB TROPICAL LOW PRESSURE
SUB TROPICAL LOW PRESSURE
POLAR HIGH
POLAR HIGH
SURFACE WIND

21. WESTERN CYCLONIC DISTURBANCE

22. DIFFERENTIAL HEATING AND COOLING OF LAND AND
WATER
SHIFT OF ITCZ IN SUMMER OVER GANGA PLAIN
PRESENCE OF HIGH PRESSURE AREA TO THE EAST OF
MADAGASCAR
TIBETAN PLATEAU GETS INTENSELY HEATED DURING
SUMMER
MOVEMENT OF WESERLY JET STREAM TO THE NORTH OF
HIMALAYAS & EASTERLY JET STREAM OVER THE INDIAN
PENINSULA
THE CHANGE IN THE PRESSURE CONDITIONS OVER
SOUTHERN OCEANS

25. INTER TROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE
EQUATOR
SHIFT OF ITCZ IN SUMMER
Arabian sea
Branch
Bay of Bengal
Branch

27. TIBETAN PLATEAU GETS INTENSELY HEATED UP

28. TIBET
JET STREAM IN WINTER

29. JET STREAM IN SUMMER

30. Homboldt Cold
Current
EL-NINO EFFECTS
1990
Delay in
Monsoon
Equatorial Warm
Current
El-Nino
FAQ

31. Darwin
Tahiti
SOUTHERN OSCILLATION

32. RHYTHM OF SEASONS
COLD WEATHER
RETREATING MONSOON
HOT WEATHER
SOUTH WEST MONSOON
Let us discuss each of them individually

33. COLD WEATHER SEASON
► It extends from
December to February.
► Vertical sun rays shift
towards southern
hemisphere.
► North India experiences
intense cold where as this
season is not well defined
in south India.
► Light wind blow makes
this season pleasant in
south India.
► Occasional tropical
cyclone visit eastern coast
in this season.
Tropical Cyclone

34. 250C
250C
200C
200C
200C
150C
200C
100C`
TEMPERATURE- JANUARY

35. WIND DIRECTION- WINTER
Bay of Bengal

36. RAINFALL DUE TO
WESTERN
DISTURBANCES
RAINFALL DUE TO
NORTH EAST
WIND
WINTER RAINFALL

37. HOT WEATHER SEASON
► It extends from March
to May.
► Vertical sun rays shift
towards Northern
hemisphere.
► Temperature rises
gradually from south
to north.
► Highest Temperature
experiences in
Karnataka in March,
Madhya Pradesh in
April and Rajastan in
May.
March 300C
April 380C
May 480C

38. TEMPERATURE- JULY
250C
300C

39. STORMS IN HOT WEATHER SEASON
FAQ
Rhythm of Seasons
LOO
KALBAISAKHI
MANGO
SHOWER
BLOSSOM
SHOWER

40. SOUTH WEST MONSOON SEASON
► It extends from June to
September.
► Intense heating in
north west India
creates low pressure
region.
► Low pressure attract
the wind from the
surrounding region.
► After having rains for a
few days sometime
monsoon fails to occur
for one or more weeks
is known as break in
the monsoon.
HIGH TEMPERATURE
LOW PRESSURE

41. ONSET OF SW MONSOON

42. ► It extends from October
to November
► Vertical sun rays start
shifting towards
Northern hemisphere.
► Low pressure region shift
from northern parts of
India towards south.
► Owing to the conditions
of high temperature and
humidity, the weather
becomes rather
oppressive. This is
commonly known as the
‘October heat’
RETREATING MONSOON SEASON
LOW PRESSURE

43. WITHDRAWAL OF MONSOON

44. EVALUATION
1. Differentiate between weather and climate.
2. What do you understand by the term ‘Monsoon’?
3. Which wind is responsible for the rainfall along the Malabar coast?
4. What are the factors affecting the climate of India?
5. Explain how latitude affects the India’s climate.
6. Why most of the world’s deserts are located in the western margins of continents
in the subtropics?
7. Explain the mechanism of monsoon.
8. Why does Tamil Nadu coast receive winter rainfall?
9. Why parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and leeward side of the Western Ghats are
drought-prone?
10. Define the following terms:
 Coriolis force
 Jet stream
 Mango shower
 Mahawat
 Kaal Baisakhi
 Loo
 Western cyclonic disturbance
 Breaks in Rainfall
 Burst of monsoon
 ENSO
 October Heat

45. ACTIVITIES
MAP SKILL :
GROUP-A : MARK AND LABEL THE DIRECTION OF SOUTH-WEST MONSOON.
GROUP-B : SHADE THE AREAS OF WINTER RAINFALL IN INDIA.
GROUP-C : MARK AND LABEL THE DIRECTION OF RETREATING MONSOON.
GROUP-D : SHADE THE COAST OF INDIA THAT GETS WINTER RAINFALL.
GROUP- E : SHADE THE AREAS AFFECTED BY LOO.

46. A. TWO RAINIEST STATIONS
B. TWO STATIONS MOSTLY
INFLUENCED BY ARABIAN
BRANCH OF SOUTH-WEST
MONSOON.
C. TWO STATIONS MOSTLY
INFLUENCED BY BAY OF
BENGAL BRANCH OF
SOUTH-WEST MONSOON.
D. TWO STATIONS RECEIVING
WINTER SHOWER FROM
WESTERN DISTURBANCE.
E. TWO STATIONS WITH MOST
EQUABLE CLIMATE.