The document discusses the key factors affecting India's climate such as the Himalayas, surrounding seas, relief features, and distance from the sea. It describes the seasonal variations in climate across winter, summer, the southwest monsoon, and retreating monsoon seasons. Spatial variations in rainfall across India are also summarized, from very heavy to scanty rainfall regions. Effects of climate change such as rising sea levels submerging coastal areas are also briefly outlined.

3. ► Familiarize students with the terms, key
concepts and basic principles associated with
the climate of India.
► Provide them idea about the mechanism of
Indian monsoon.
► Study the climate of India through the
understanding and analysis of local climate.
► Explore the causative factor of the spatial
variations in the climate of the country.
► Understand and analyze the variation of climatic
phenomenon in the cycle of seasons.
► Make students aware of the change in climate
(global warming) at local level to understand it
at national and global level.

4. Variations In Climate
Varied land forms features

5. FACTORS AFFECTING INDIAN CLIMATE
•The Himalayan Mt.
•Surrounding Seas
•Relief Features
•Distance from Sea

6. Factors Affecting Climate of India
The Himalayas
• In winters act as a
barrier against the
bitterly cold winds
from the Arctic .
• In summer they trap
the monsoon winds
and bring rain to
India.

7. Cold
Wav
e
Cold
Wav
e
Cold
THE HIMALAYAS- CLIMATIC BARRIER
Wav
e
Cold
Wav
e
d
Win
oon
M ons d
n Win
soo
Mon d
Win
on
nso
Mo d
Win
on
nso
Mo

8. RELIEF
W estern
Receives high
rainfall Western slopes of
Ghat M
the Western Ghats
get very heavy
t.
rain fall.
d
Places to the East
in
so
on
W
W
in
d
d
Receives low receive low rain
n n in
M
o
o ns
oo
o n
W rainfall fall.
M so
on
M

9. DISTANCE FROM SEA
SIMLA
DELHI
KOLKOTA
MUMBAI
CHENNAI
Coastal areas have moderate climate where as
Interior parts have extreme climate.

10. RHYTHM OF SEASONS
HOT WEATHER
HOT WEATHER
RETREATING MONSOON
RETREATING MONSOON
COLD WEATHER SOUTH WEST MONSOON
SOUTH WEST MONSOON

11. Winter Season
► It extends from December to
February.
► Average temperature in the
Northern Plains is between 10° C
and 15°C
► North India experiences intense
cold.
► .There is light rainfall during
winter.
► This is caused by Cyclonic
storms which originate from the
Mediterranean sea and Travel
towards India These winds are
WESTERN DISTURBANCE
► Occasional tropical cyclone visit
eastern coast in this season.
• They cause heavy snowfall in
the Himalayas and rain in the
plains.

12. WIND DIRECTION- WINTER
No
r the
rn
Pl
ain
Ganga
Delta
Tropical cyclone

13. WINTER RAINFALL
RAINFALL DUE
TO WESTERN
DISTURBANCES
RAINFALL DUE
TO NORTH EAST
WIND

14. The Summer Season
 Summmer starts from April and
lasts till June.
Northern Plains record highest
temperature.
Deccan is comparatively cooler
The hot dry wind LOO blows
over Northern Plains.
Kalbaisakhi Occurs in West
Bengal and Assam.
Mango showers occur in
Karnataka and Kerala

15. SOUTH WEST MONSOON
SEASON
► It extends from June
to September.
► Intense heating in
north west India
creates low pressure HIGH TEMPERATURE
LOW PRESSURE
region.
► Low pressure attract
the wind from the
surrounding region.
► After having rains for
a few days sometime
monsoon fails to
occur for one or more
weeks is known as
break in the monsoon.

16. MONSOON WIND
Arabian sea
Bay of Bengal
Branch Branch
EQUATOR
e
ad
e
e
e
ad
ad
ad
Tr
Tr
Tr
Tr
SE
SE
SE
SE

17. ONSET OF SW MONSOON
e
Jun
15 th
y
Jul
y
th
Jul
15
1 st
e
Jun
th
10
ne
th Ju ne
5 st Ju
1

18. RETREATING MONSOON SEASON
► It extends from
October to November.
► In October the
temperature starts
dropping there is LOW
PRESSURE ZONE in LOW PRESSURE
Northern India and
cannot attract
monsoon winds.
► The south -west
winds retreat
gradually.
► They blow from land to
sea.
► They do not cause any
rain except in
Tamilnadu.

19. DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL
► Broadly ,India
can be divided
into Four rainfall
regions
► Very heavy
rainfall
► heavy rainfall > 200cm
► moderate
100-200cm
rainfall
► scanty rainfall 50-100 cm
< 50cm

20. Very heavy rainfall Heavy rainfall regions
regions:more than 200cm :between 100to 200cm
Of rain in a year. of rain in a year.
• the Western Coastal • The Ganga plains in
Plains Bihar and West Bengal.
• The western slopes of • The Himalayan region.
theWestern Ghats. • The Northwestern part of
• Most of the northeastern the Peninsular Plateau
states. • Parts of the Western
Ghats.
• The east coast and the
north east India

21. Moderate rainfall region: Scanty rainfall region
Annual rainfall between 50— lessthan 50 cm
100cm
• The upper Ganga plain • Western Rajasthan
• Eastern Rajasthan Southern Punjab and
Punjab Haryana and Northern Gujarat.
Soutern Kashmir • Eastern slopes of the
• Parts of the Deccan Western Ghats.
Plateau –Karnataka, • Northern Parts of
Andhra Pradesh& Kashmir.
Tamilnadu.

22. HOT WEATHER SEASON
May 480C
April 380C
March 300C

23. STORMS IN HOT WEATHER SEASON
FAQ
BARDOLI
CHHEERHA
LOO
KALBAISAKHI
MANGO
SHOWER
BLOSSOM
SHOWER
Rhythm of Seasons

24. TEMPERATURE- JULY
250C
20 0C
300C 25
0
C
20
0
C
30
0
C
30 0C

25. CLIMATE CHANGE & INDIA
► India has long coast line
► India has long coast line
and rise of sea level will
and rise of sea level will
submerge large area.
submerge large area.
► A population of 7.1
► A population of 7.1
million living in coastal
million living in coastal
areas will be affected.
areas will be affected.
► Production of crops like
► Production of crops like
wheat, rice etc will
wheat, rice etc will KOLKOTA
decrease.
decrease. MUMBAI
► The natural disasters
► The natural disasters
like cyclone, floods and
like cyclone, floods and CHENNAI
drought will increase in
drought will increase in
frequency as well as
frequency as well as
intensity.
intensity.

32. Let’sEvaluate
• Mention the Three factors which affect India’s climate.
• Why are the Himalayas important in determinig India’s climate
• Give the four Major seaons of India.
• What are western disturbances in which area do they cause rain?
• Which months are known for the retreating monsoon?
• Which is the rain shadow area?
• Name the four rainfall regions.
• Which region receives the the least amount of rainfall.