This document contains the syllabus for the subject "Client Server Computing" taught in the third semester of a bachelor's degree program. It includes 5 units covering introductions to client server concepts, client/server operating systems, the client, the server, and the relationship between client server and the internet. For each unit, it lists the topics that will be covered in 9 lecture hours. It also provides the textbook and reference books for the course, along with sample key notes and a question bank.
This document provides an introduction to databases. It defines what a database is, the steps to create one, and benefits such as fast querying and flexibility. It describes database models like hierarchical, network, entity-relationship, and relational. Key database concepts are explained, including entities, attributes, primary keys, and foreign keys. Finally, it outlines database management system components, common users, and introduces Microsoft Access.
The document discusses physical database design, including:
- Designing fields by choosing data types, coding techniques, and controlling data integrity.
- Denormalizing relations through joining tables or data replication to improve processing speed at the cost of storage space and integrity.
- Organizing physical files through sequential, indexed, or hashed arrangements and using indexes to efficiently locate records.
- Database architectures including legacy systems, current technologies, and data warehouses.
This document provides an overview of databases and database management systems (DBMS). It discusses how databases evolved from file systems to address flaws in data management. It describes what a DBMS is and its functions in managing the database structure and controlling data access. The document also summarizes different database models including hierarchical, network, relational, entity-relationship, and object-oriented models. It highlights advantages and disadvantages of each model.
This document discusses client-server technology and its evolution. It defines client-server computing as a network architecture where the server accepts requests from client systems and returns results to the clients. It then describes how hardware trends like increasing processor speeds, memory, and storage drove the evolution of client-server systems. Software trends like graphical user interfaces and relational databases also contributed. Networking trends allowed different systems to communicate using common protocols. Overall, client-server computing provides advantages like connectivity, sharing of devices, flexibility, centralized control, and faster delivery of systems and applications.
This presentation tries to explain basics of virtualization, what is server virtualization ? why is it important ? how it is done ? What are the limitations and risks associated with it ?
● Distributed Database Management Systems Advantages and Disadvantages.
● Characteristics of Distributed Database Management Systems.
● Levels of Data and Process Distribution.
● Distributed Database Transparency Features.
● Transaction Performance and Failure Transparency.
Este documento analiza las ventajas y retos de las bases de datos distribuidas. Entre las ventajas se encuentran que permiten el crecimiento proporcional de las organizaciones, reducen la sobrecarga de comunicación al almacenar datos locales, y mejoran el rendimiento a través del paralelismo. Entre los principales retos aún por resolver se encuentran la colocación óptima de los datos, los problemas de escalabilidad cuando los sistemas crecen, y los desafíos planteados por las fallas en la red.
1) The document discusses different types of database users and the role of the database administrator. There are four types of database users: naive users, application programmers, sophisticated users, and specialized users.
2) The database administrator is responsible for defining the database schema, storage structure, granting access authorizations, and performing routine maintenance like backups and monitoring performance.
3) The roles and responsibilities of each user type and the database administrator are outlined. Naive users interact through simple programs, application programmers create interfaces, sophisticated users use query languages, and specialized users build custom applications.
This document provides an introduction to databases. It defines what a database is, the steps to create one, and benefits such as fast querying and flexibility. It describes database models like hierarchical, network, entity-relationship, and relational. Key database concepts are explained, including entities, attributes, primary keys, and foreign keys. Finally, it outlines database management system components, common users, and introduces Microsoft Access.
The document discusses physical database design, including:
- Designing fields by choosing data types, coding techniques, and controlling data integrity.
- Denormalizing relations through joining tables or data replication to improve processing speed at the cost of storage space and integrity.
- Organizing physical files through sequential, indexed, or hashed arrangements and using indexes to efficiently locate records.
- Database architectures including legacy systems, current technologies, and data warehouses.
This document provides an overview of databases and database management systems (DBMS). It discusses how databases evolved from file systems to address flaws in data management. It describes what a DBMS is and its functions in managing the database structure and controlling data access. The document also summarizes different database models including hierarchical, network, relational, entity-relationship, and object-oriented models. It highlights advantages and disadvantages of each model.
This document discusses client-server technology and its evolution. It defines client-server computing as a network architecture where the server accepts requests from client systems and returns results to the clients. It then describes how hardware trends like increasing processor speeds, memory, and storage drove the evolution of client-server systems. Software trends like graphical user interfaces and relational databases also contributed. Networking trends allowed different systems to communicate using common protocols. Overall, client-server computing provides advantages like connectivity, sharing of devices, flexibility, centralized control, and faster delivery of systems and applications.
This presentation tries to explain basics of virtualization, what is server virtualization ? why is it important ? how it is done ? What are the limitations and risks associated with it ?
● Distributed Database Management Systems Advantages and Disadvantages.
● Characteristics of Distributed Database Management Systems.
● Levels of Data and Process Distribution.
● Distributed Database Transparency Features.
● Transaction Performance and Failure Transparency.
Este documento analiza las ventajas y retos de las bases de datos distribuidas. Entre las ventajas se encuentran que permiten el crecimiento proporcional de las organizaciones, reducen la sobrecarga de comunicación al almacenar datos locales, y mejoran el rendimiento a través del paralelismo. Entre los principales retos aún por resolver se encuentran la colocación óptima de los datos, los problemas de escalabilidad cuando los sistemas crecen, y los desafíos planteados por las fallas en la red.
1) The document discusses different types of database users and the role of the database administrator. There are four types of database users: naive users, application programmers, sophisticated users, and specialized users.
2) The database administrator is responsible for defining the database schema, storage structure, granting access authorizations, and performing routine maintenance like backups and monitoring performance.
3) The roles and responsibilities of each user type and the database administrator are outlined. Naive users interact through simple programs, application programmers create interfaces, sophisticated users use query languages, and specialized users build custom applications.
Normalization is a technique for designing relational database tables to minimize duplication of data and ensure data integrity. It involves organizing data into tables and establishing relationships between tables based on their attributes. There are several normal forms like 1NF, 2NF and 3NF that provide rules for table design to reduce anomalies and inconsistencies. Functional dependencies define relationships between attributes in a table, and normalization aims to remove non-key attributes that are functionally dependent on other attributes.
The document provides an introduction to database management systems (DBMS). It can be summarized as follows:
1. A DBMS allows for the storage and retrieval of large amounts of related data in an organized manner. It removes data redundancy and allows for fast retrieval of data.
2. Key components of a DBMS include the database engine, data definition subsystem, data manipulation subsystem, application generation subsystem, and data administration subsystem.
3. A DBMS uses a data model to represent the organization of data in a database. Common data models include the entity-relationship model, object-oriented model, and relational model.
The document discusses database management systems. It defines a database as an organized collection of stored data that can be accessed electronically. A database management system (DBMS) is software that allows users and applications to capture, analyze, and interact with a database. A DBMS performs tasks like data definition, updates, retrieval, and administration. It stores data on dedicated database servers for security, reliability, and high-performance access and management of the stored data. A DBMS provides multiple logical views of the database data for different user groups and roles.
The document discusses database design and relational database management systems. It covers key concepts like normalization, primary keys, foreign keys, and relationships between tables. Normalization is the process of organizing data to eliminate redundancy and ensure data is stored correctly. There are five normal forms with third normal form being sufficient for most applications. Tables are related through primary and foreign keys and different types of relationships can exist between tables like one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many.
This document provides an overview of database transactions. It defines transactions and discusses their key concepts and states. It describes ACID properties including atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability. It discusses implementation of atomicity and durability using shadow databases. It also covers concurrent execution, serializability, recoverability, and how transactions are defined in SQL.
El documento describe la arquitectura cliente-servidor, incluyendo sus componentes principales como el cliente, el servidor y las comunicaciones entre ellos. El cliente interactúa con el usuario y el servidor maneja los recursos compartidos como bases de datos. Existen diferentes tipos de clientes y servidores según la distribución de funciones y carga de procesamiento. La arquitectura cliente-servidor permite la interacción distribuida entre máquinas de manera escalable.
This document discusses different types of virtualization technologies. It begins by defining virtualization and describing its benefits such as standardization, rationalization, and improved efficiency. It then categorizes various virtualization types including server/platform, desktop, software, system resources, data, and network virtualization. For each type, it provides details on sub-types and discusses opportunities and challenges. The document aims to help consultants, administrators and decision makers understand and evaluate different virtualization options for their organizations.
Advance Database Management Systems -Object Oriented Principles In DatabaseSonali Parab
This document provides an overview of object-oriented database management systems (OODBMS), which combine object-oriented programming principles with database management. It discusses how OODBMSs support encapsulation, polymorphism, inheritance and ACID properties while allowing for complex objects, relationships, and queries of large amounts of data. The document also lists advantages and disadvantages of OODBMSs compared to relational database systems and examples of both proprietary and open-source OODBMSs.
Cuarta forma normal y quinta forma normalMemo Wars
La cuarta forma normal (4NF) asegura que las dependencias multivaluadas independientes estén correctamente representadas en un diseño de base de datos y es el siguiente nivel de normalización después de la forma normal de Boyce-Codd (BCNF). La quinta forma normal (5NF) es un nivel de normalización destinado a reducir la redundancia al aislar semánticamente relaciones múltiples relacionadas y una tabla está en 5NF si está en 4NF y cada dependencia de unión está implicada por las claves candidatas.
Michael Joseph is giving a presentation on database normalization. He begins by explaining the importance of properly structuring data across database tables and the problems that can arise from poor database design, such as redundancy, inaccuracy, and consistency issues. He then describes database normalization as a process that organizes data to minimize redundancy by decomposing relations and isolating data in separate, well-defined tables connected through relationships. Different levels of normalization are discussed, with third normal form being sufficient for most applications. Examples are provided to illustrate how normalization progresses from first to third normal form. Potential issues with highly normalized databases are also outlined.
Data can be defined as raw facts and figures that can be organized later on. Database is the collection of coherent meaningful data. The full form of DBMS is Database Management System. It is the grouping of related data, records whereas management system is the collection of programs for saving and retrieving the data records. DBMS can be defined as collection of programs which are required to store as well as access the data in efficient and easy way. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Database Management System:- http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/computer-science/database-management-system.aspx
Este documento describe los modelos fundamentales de los sistemas distribuidos, incluyendo el modelo de interacción, el modelo de fallos y el modelo de seguridad. Explica que el modelo de interacción trata sobre la comunicación entre elementos del sistema, el modelo de fallos clasifica los posibles fallos, y el modelo de seguridad clasifica los tipos de ataques. Además, introduce conceptos clave como relojes locales, ordenación de eventos, modelos síncronos y asíncronos.
The document discusses different types of database systems. It describes single user and multi user database management systems (DBMS), which are categorized based on the number of users. It also outlines centralized, distributed, parallel, and client-server database systems, which are classified based on the location of the site. Each type has distinct characteristics regarding the number and location of users, computers, and storage of data.
The DBMS manages the database, providing an interface between users and applications and the underlying data. It handles data storage and retrieval, concurrency control, security, and other database management functions. Popular DBMS types include relational, hierarchical, network, object-oriented, and NoSQL systems. The relational model, implemented in systems like Oracle and SQL Server, remains dominant despite challenges from newer technologies.
The document discusses normalization of database tables. It covers normal forms including 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF and 4NF. The process of normalization reduces data redundancies and helps eliminate data anomalies. Normalization is done concurrently with entity-relationship modeling to produce an effective database design. In some cases, denormalization may be needed to generate information more efficiently.
The document discusses database normalization. It defines normalization as organizing data to eliminate redundancy and ensure data dependencies. The document outlines several normal forms including 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and BCNF. It provides examples to demonstrate transforming a database from an unnormalized form to higher normal forms through removing anomalies and redundancies.
This document provides an introduction to database management systems (DBMS) and relational database management systems (RDBMS). It defines a database as a collection of related data organized for easy access, management, and updating. A DBMS is software that allows users to create, define, and manipulate databases. It provides protection and security. RDBMS introduced the relational model, using relationships between tables via primary keys, foreign keys, and indexes. This made data fetching and storage faster compared to earlier navigational models. RDBMS is widely used by enterprises for complex, large datasets.
This document discusses different types of integrity constraints in databases including domain, entity, referential, and foreign key integrity. Domain integrity ensures attributes have the proper data type and valid values. Entity integrity requires primary keys cannot be null. Referential integrity maintains consistency between related tables by restricting deletions or changes that impact other rows. Foreign key integrity extends referential integrity by allowing cascading updates or deletions between tables.
The document discusses different methods of organizing computer files, including heap files, sequential files, indexed-sequential files, inverted list files, and direct files. It provides details on each method, such as how records are stored and accessed, their advantages and disadvantages, and examples. Key aspects covered include unordered storage in heap files, ordered storage and efficient sequential access in sequential files, indexed access for both sequential and random access in indexed-sequential files, and direct calculation of record locations in direct files.
Client/server computing involves separating tasks between client and server machines. The client makes requests that are processed by the server, which returns results to the client. Key elements are the client, server, and network connecting them. Major focus is on the software handling tasks like the user interface, application logic, and data management between client and server. Different types of servers specialize in files, data, computing tasks, databases, and communication between networks.
The document discusses various components of client/server applications, including client services, server services, remote procedure calls (RPC), window services, print/fax services, and other interprocess communication (IPC) methods like Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) and Object Linking and Embedding (OLE). It describes how clients can request services from remote servers using RPC, how windowing services allow applications to display windows across machines, and how utilities provide common functions to clients.
Normalization is a technique for designing relational database tables to minimize duplication of data and ensure data integrity. It involves organizing data into tables and establishing relationships between tables based on their attributes. There are several normal forms like 1NF, 2NF and 3NF that provide rules for table design to reduce anomalies and inconsistencies. Functional dependencies define relationships between attributes in a table, and normalization aims to remove non-key attributes that are functionally dependent on other attributes.
The document provides an introduction to database management systems (DBMS). It can be summarized as follows:
1. A DBMS allows for the storage and retrieval of large amounts of related data in an organized manner. It removes data redundancy and allows for fast retrieval of data.
2. Key components of a DBMS include the database engine, data definition subsystem, data manipulation subsystem, application generation subsystem, and data administration subsystem.
3. A DBMS uses a data model to represent the organization of data in a database. Common data models include the entity-relationship model, object-oriented model, and relational model.
The document discusses database management systems. It defines a database as an organized collection of stored data that can be accessed electronically. A database management system (DBMS) is software that allows users and applications to capture, analyze, and interact with a database. A DBMS performs tasks like data definition, updates, retrieval, and administration. It stores data on dedicated database servers for security, reliability, and high-performance access and management of the stored data. A DBMS provides multiple logical views of the database data for different user groups and roles.
The document discusses database design and relational database management systems. It covers key concepts like normalization, primary keys, foreign keys, and relationships between tables. Normalization is the process of organizing data to eliminate redundancy and ensure data is stored correctly. There are five normal forms with third normal form being sufficient for most applications. Tables are related through primary and foreign keys and different types of relationships can exist between tables like one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many.
This document provides an overview of database transactions. It defines transactions and discusses their key concepts and states. It describes ACID properties including atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability. It discusses implementation of atomicity and durability using shadow databases. It also covers concurrent execution, serializability, recoverability, and how transactions are defined in SQL.
El documento describe la arquitectura cliente-servidor, incluyendo sus componentes principales como el cliente, el servidor y las comunicaciones entre ellos. El cliente interactúa con el usuario y el servidor maneja los recursos compartidos como bases de datos. Existen diferentes tipos de clientes y servidores según la distribución de funciones y carga de procesamiento. La arquitectura cliente-servidor permite la interacción distribuida entre máquinas de manera escalable.
This document discusses different types of virtualization technologies. It begins by defining virtualization and describing its benefits such as standardization, rationalization, and improved efficiency. It then categorizes various virtualization types including server/platform, desktop, software, system resources, data, and network virtualization. For each type, it provides details on sub-types and discusses opportunities and challenges. The document aims to help consultants, administrators and decision makers understand and evaluate different virtualization options for their organizations.
Advance Database Management Systems -Object Oriented Principles In DatabaseSonali Parab
This document provides an overview of object-oriented database management systems (OODBMS), which combine object-oriented programming principles with database management. It discusses how OODBMSs support encapsulation, polymorphism, inheritance and ACID properties while allowing for complex objects, relationships, and queries of large amounts of data. The document also lists advantages and disadvantages of OODBMSs compared to relational database systems and examples of both proprietary and open-source OODBMSs.
Cuarta forma normal y quinta forma normalMemo Wars
La cuarta forma normal (4NF) asegura que las dependencias multivaluadas independientes estén correctamente representadas en un diseño de base de datos y es el siguiente nivel de normalización después de la forma normal de Boyce-Codd (BCNF). La quinta forma normal (5NF) es un nivel de normalización destinado a reducir la redundancia al aislar semánticamente relaciones múltiples relacionadas y una tabla está en 5NF si está en 4NF y cada dependencia de unión está implicada por las claves candidatas.
Michael Joseph is giving a presentation on database normalization. He begins by explaining the importance of properly structuring data across database tables and the problems that can arise from poor database design, such as redundancy, inaccuracy, and consistency issues. He then describes database normalization as a process that organizes data to minimize redundancy by decomposing relations and isolating data in separate, well-defined tables connected through relationships. Different levels of normalization are discussed, with third normal form being sufficient for most applications. Examples are provided to illustrate how normalization progresses from first to third normal form. Potential issues with highly normalized databases are also outlined.
Data can be defined as raw facts and figures that can be organized later on. Database is the collection of coherent meaningful data. The full form of DBMS is Database Management System. It is the grouping of related data, records whereas management system is the collection of programs for saving and retrieving the data records. DBMS can be defined as collection of programs which are required to store as well as access the data in efficient and easy way. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Database Management System:- http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/computer-science/database-management-system.aspx
Este documento describe los modelos fundamentales de los sistemas distribuidos, incluyendo el modelo de interacción, el modelo de fallos y el modelo de seguridad. Explica que el modelo de interacción trata sobre la comunicación entre elementos del sistema, el modelo de fallos clasifica los posibles fallos, y el modelo de seguridad clasifica los tipos de ataques. Además, introduce conceptos clave como relojes locales, ordenación de eventos, modelos síncronos y asíncronos.
The document discusses different types of database systems. It describes single user and multi user database management systems (DBMS), which are categorized based on the number of users. It also outlines centralized, distributed, parallel, and client-server database systems, which are classified based on the location of the site. Each type has distinct characteristics regarding the number and location of users, computers, and storage of data.
The DBMS manages the database, providing an interface between users and applications and the underlying data. It handles data storage and retrieval, concurrency control, security, and other database management functions. Popular DBMS types include relational, hierarchical, network, object-oriented, and NoSQL systems. The relational model, implemented in systems like Oracle and SQL Server, remains dominant despite challenges from newer technologies.
The document discusses normalization of database tables. It covers normal forms including 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF and 4NF. The process of normalization reduces data redundancies and helps eliminate data anomalies. Normalization is done concurrently with entity-relationship modeling to produce an effective database design. In some cases, denormalization may be needed to generate information more efficiently.
The document discusses database normalization. It defines normalization as organizing data to eliminate redundancy and ensure data dependencies. The document outlines several normal forms including 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and BCNF. It provides examples to demonstrate transforming a database from an unnormalized form to higher normal forms through removing anomalies and redundancies.
This document provides an introduction to database management systems (DBMS) and relational database management systems (RDBMS). It defines a database as a collection of related data organized for easy access, management, and updating. A DBMS is software that allows users to create, define, and manipulate databases. It provides protection and security. RDBMS introduced the relational model, using relationships between tables via primary keys, foreign keys, and indexes. This made data fetching and storage faster compared to earlier navigational models. RDBMS is widely used by enterprises for complex, large datasets.
This document discusses different types of integrity constraints in databases including domain, entity, referential, and foreign key integrity. Domain integrity ensures attributes have the proper data type and valid values. Entity integrity requires primary keys cannot be null. Referential integrity maintains consistency between related tables by restricting deletions or changes that impact other rows. Foreign key integrity extends referential integrity by allowing cascading updates or deletions between tables.
The document discusses different methods of organizing computer files, including heap files, sequential files, indexed-sequential files, inverted list files, and direct files. It provides details on each method, such as how records are stored and accessed, their advantages and disadvantages, and examples. Key aspects covered include unordered storage in heap files, ordered storage and efficient sequential access in sequential files, indexed access for both sequential and random access in indexed-sequential files, and direct calculation of record locations in direct files.
Client/server computing involves separating tasks between client and server machines. The client makes requests that are processed by the server, which returns results to the client. Key elements are the client, server, and network connecting them. Major focus is on the software handling tasks like the user interface, application logic, and data management between client and server. Different types of servers specialize in files, data, computing tasks, databases, and communication between networks.
The document discusses various components of client/server applications, including client services, server services, remote procedure calls (RPC), window services, print/fax services, and other interprocess communication (IPC) methods like Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) and Object Linking and Embedding (OLE). It describes how clients can request services from remote servers using RPC, how windowing services allow applications to display windows across machines, and how utilities provide common functions to clients.
This document discusses different types of client-server computing. It describes three categories of clients: non-GUI clients like ATMs that require minimal human interaction; GUI clients that use graphical user interfaces; and OOUI clients that allow direct manipulation of objects. It also outlines the needs of clients from an operating system, including communication with servers, multitasking capabilities, and secure execution of mobile code. Trends are discussed as well, such as the growing diversity of client devices and the rise of application servers.
This document provides a table of contents for a book on client/server computing. The book covers topics such as the business opportunity of client/server computing, advantages of the model, components of client/server applications including clients, servers and connectivity, development considerations for both software and hardware, as well as service/support, training and the future of client/server computing. Appendices include case studies, details on an IBM/Apple joint venture, and electronic document management standards.
The document provides an overview of client/server architecture. It discusses the introduction and vision of client/server computing, characteristics of clients and servers, and merits and demerits compared to peer-to-peer networks. It also covers different types of servers like file servers and database servers. Key aspects of client/server architecture include separating functions between clients and servers, centralized data storage and management on servers, and communication through message passing.
The document discusses different client/server database architectures including file server, database server, and three-tier architectures. It describes how processing logic can be distributed between the client and various servers. Key advantages of the three-tier architecture include scalability, flexibility, improved performance, and balanced workloads. The document also covers database middleware, query processing in parallel environments, and using ODBC and JDBC to connect applications to external databases.
This document discusses client-server architecture. It defines clients as workstations that rely on servers for resources like files, devices, and processing power. Servers are dedicated computers that manage disk drives, printers, or network traffic. In a client-server model, applications are split into client and server components, with clients accessing services provided by servers. There are two main types: 2-tier, with clients and a single server, and 3-tier, with separate servers for the interface, logic, and data layers, allowing for better scalability. Thin clients rely fully on servers, while fat clients run some application logic locally.
The document provides information on commonly used programming languages, functions of an operating system, input devices, mainframe computer systems, the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), output devices, data encryption, database management systems (DBMS), data mining, database query languages, computer-aided software engineering (CASE), data dictionaries, system software, types of printers, the role of a database administrator, advantages and disadvantages of databases, and operating systems. It covers these topics at a high level, providing definitions and brief explanations of each.
This document discusses concepts related to client-server computing and database management systems (DBMS). It covers topics such as DBMS concepts and architecture, centralized and distributed systems, client-server systems, transaction servers, data servers, parallel and distributed databases, and network types. Key points include the definitions of centralized, client-server, and distributed systems. Transaction servers and data servers are described as two types of server system architectures. Issues related to parallelism such as speedup, scaleup, and factors limiting them are also covered.
This document provides an overview of management information systems. It discusses the differences between data and information, and describes the functions and dimensions of information systems. It also covers different levels of management and common requirements for information systems, such as software and business skills. The document then examines different types of information systems including transaction processing systems, management information systems, and decision support systems. It provides examples of these systems and how they are integrated within an organization.
The document discusses the evolution of client computing from mainframe computers to personal computers and client-server models. It describes the key aspects of mainframe-based computing including its inflexibility and high costs. The rise of personal computers and file sharing networks is outlined. Client-server computing is introduced as having multiple tiers including clients, servers, and middleware to connect them. Common architectures like two-tier, three-tier, and n-tier models are summarized. The benefits of distributed computing models as well as future directions are highlighted.
kelan nyo isubmit yung assignment no. 7 and 8 nyo nasa slides yun ng stats. isubmit nyo sa akin sa lunes during electromagnetism kasi kukulangin yung class participation nyo sa stats.
This document outlines a project on client-server communication for a computer networks course. It includes sections on literature review, types of networks, peer-to-peer and client-server modes, the client and server models, data flow diagrams, how client-server communication works, future applications, advantages like centralized access control, and limitations such as single point of failure if the server crashes. The conclusion indicates the project on client-server communication was successfully completed.
The document discusses the client-server architecture, including its definition, timeline, types of servers, tiers, protocols, and future directions. The client-server model involves clients sending requests to servers which process and return responses. It has evolved from mainframe computers to today's multi-tier architectures with web, application, and database servers. Protocols like HTTP, TCP/IP, and FTP are used to facilitate communication between clients and servers. Cloud computing is presented as the future direction rather than traditional client-server systems.
This document provides a teaching guide for a Statistics and Probability course for senior high school students. It begins with an introduction that discusses the importance of statistics and data analysis. It then outlines the structure and goals of the teaching guide, which includes sections on introduction, instruction, practice, enrichment, and evaluation. The guide is meant to help teachers facilitate student understanding, mastery of concepts, and a sense of ownership over their learning. It also discusses aligning the guide with DepEd and CHED standards to prepare students for college. The preface provides additional context on statistics as a discipline and its growing importance.
Office automation systems (OAS) are configurations of networked computer hardware and software that automate and integrate business functions like publishing, communication, collaboration, imaging, and office management. OAS make office work more efficient by allowing tasks to be performed electronically and shared over a local area network. Common functions of OAS include word processing, email, faxing, videoconferencing, document management, and scheduling.
This document provides an overview of traction in orthopedics. It discusses the history and types of traction, including skin traction and skeletal traction. Various traction methods are described for different body parts, including Buck's traction for the femur, olecranon traction for the humerus, and Gardner tongs for spinal traction. Both advantages and disadvantages of traction are reviewed. Key aspects like pin placement, weight limits, and complications are covered.
This webinar discusses multi-tenant business intelligence in a cloud computing environment. It defines multi-tenancy as a single software instance serving multiple client organizations. The webinar examines four approaches to multi-tenant BI and the benefits of each. It also outlines the steps to onboard a new client for each approach. Finally, it discusses considerations for choosing a multi-tenant BI solution and promotes the unique combination of innovations from SwiftKnowledge.
Client/server computing is a model where processing is distributed between clients and servers. A client is a process that requests services, while a server provides requested services. This chapter discusses the evolution of client/server systems from mainframes to today's networked computing environments. It also covers client/server architecture, including the roles of clients, servers, middleware, and standards. Implementation issues like managing costs, infrastructure, and cultural changes are also addressed.
The document discusses challenges facing today's enterprises including cutting costs, driving value with tight budgets, maintaining security while increasing access, and finding the right transformative capabilities. It then discusses challenges in building applications such as scaling, availability, and costs. The document introduces the Windows Azure platform as a solution, highlighting its fundamentals of scale, automation, high availability, and multi-tenancy. It provides considerations for using cloud computing on or off premises and discusses ownership models.
Scaling Databricks to Run Data and ML Workloads on Millions of VMsMatei Zaharia
Keynote at Scale By The Bay 2020.
Cloud service developers need to handle massive scale workloads from thousands of customers with no downtime or regressions. In this talk, I’ll present our experience building a very large-scale cloud service at Databricks, which provides a data and ML platform service used by many of the largest enterprises in the world. Databricks manages millions of cloud VMs that process exabytes of data per day for interactive, streaming and batch production applications. This means that our control plane has to handle a wide range of workload patterns and cloud issues such as outages. We will describe how we built our control plane for Databricks using Scala services and open source infrastructure such as Kubernetes, Envoy, and Prometheus, and various design patterns and engineering processes that we learned along the way. In addition, I’ll describe how we have adapted data analytics systems themselves to improve reliability and manageability in the cloud, such as creating an ACID storage system that is as reliable as the underlying cloud object store (Delta Lake) and adding autoscaling and auto-shutdown features for Apache Spark.
This document discusses database as a service and cloud computing. It introduces concepts like software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and infrastructure as a service (IaaS). It also covers topics like virtualization, multi-tenancy, service level agreements, storage models, distributed storage, replication, and security in the context of database as a service. The document will be covering these topics in more depth throughout the seminar.
1) Client-server networks have dedicated servers that store data and resources while clients access these servers.
2) They enable efficient sharing of resources, scalability, security, data management, and collaboration across networks.
3) Servers manage network resources like files, devices, and processing power while clients rely on servers and run applications like email clients.
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Client server computing_keypoint_and_questions
1. NAME OF FACULTY : Mr. R.MOHANKUMAR
SUBJECT NAME : CLIENT SERVER COMPUTING
SUBJECT CODE : 080250020
YEAR/SEMESTER : III/V
SYLLABUS
CLIENT SERVER COMPUTING LTPMC
3 0 0 100 3
UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9
Client Server Computing, Benefits, Evolution of client server computing, Client Server
Applications, Components, Classes of Client Server Computing – Categories of Client Server
Computing
UNIT II CLIENT/SERVER OPERATING SYSTEMS 9
Dispelling the myths, Obstacles upfront and hidden, open systems and standards, factors needed
for success. Standards setting organizations
UNIT III THE CLIENT 9
Client Hardware and software, Client components, Client Operating Systems, GUI, X windows
and Windowing, Database Access Application Logic, Client Software Products, Client
Requirements
UNIT IV THE SERVER 9
Server Hardware, Categories, Features classes of Server Machines, Server Environment,
Network management environment, network Computing Environment, Network Operating
Systems, Server requirements, Platform Independence, Transaction Processing, Connectivity.
Server Data Management and Access Tools
UNIT V CLIENT SERVER AND INTERNET 9
Client server and internet, Web client server, 3 tier client server web style, CGI , the server side
of web, CGI and State, SQL database servers, Middleware and federated databases, data
warehouses, EIS/DSS to data mining, GroupWare Server , what is GroupWare, components of
GroupWare.
Total 45
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Dawana Travis Dewire, “Client Server Computing”, Tata Mc-Graw Hill Education Pvt.
Ltd.,New Delhi, 2003
2. 2. Robert Orfali, Dan Harkey & Jeri Edwards, “Essential Client/Server Survival
Guide”,second edition, John Wiley & Sons, Singapore, 2003.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Eric J Johnson, “A complete guide to Client / Server Computing”, first edition, Prentice
Hall,New Delhi, 2001.
2. Smith & Guengerich, “Client /Server Computing”, Prentice Hall, New Delhi, 2002
3. James E.Goldman, Phillip T.Rawles, Julie R.Mariga,“Client/Server Information
Systems, A Business Oriented Approach”, John Wiley & Sons, Singapore, 2000.
KEY NOTES
UNIT 1 - Introduction
Introduction to Client/Server Computing
Overview of Client/Server Computing
What is Client/Server Computing
o Client/server is a distributed computing model in which client applications
request services from server processes and Servers receive those requests
and perform actions such as database queries and reading files.
Application Tasks
o User interface
o Presentation logic
o Application logic
o Data integrity
Rightsizing
o Downsizing
o Upsizing
o Smartsizing
Benefits of Client/Server Computing
Dollar Savings
Increased Productivity
Flexibility and Scalability
Resource Utilization
Centralized Control
Open Systems
Evolution of Client/Server Computing
Hardware Trends
Power
Chips
3. Memory
Software Trends
Relational Databases
GUIs
Multithreaded Processing
Continuing Evolution
Evolution of Operating Systems
Networking Trends
Business Considerations
Overview of Client/Server Applications
Components of Client/Server Applications 29
The Client
The Server
The Network
Classes of Client/Server Applications
Host-Based Processing
Client-Based Processing
Cooperative Processing
Categories of Client/Server Applications
Office Systems
Front-Ends to Existing Systems
Database Access
Transaction-Processing Applications
UNIT 2 - Client/Server Operating Systems
Dispelling the Myths
Client/Server Computing is Easily Implemented
Current Desktop Machines Are Sufficient
Minimal Training Is Required
All Data Are Relational
Development Time Is Shorter
Obstacles-Upfront and Hidden
Costs
Mixed Platforms
Maintenance
Reliability
4. Restructuring Corporate Architecture
Open Systems and Standards
Standards Areas
Existing Standards
Open Systems
Standards-Setting Organizations
Open Software Foundation
UNIX International
X/Open
Object Management Group
SQL Access Group
Factors for Success
Internetworking
Interoperability
Compatible Environments
Perceived Benefits
UNIT 3 - The Client
Client Hardware and Software
Client Components
Client Hardware
Client Software
Interface Environments
Client Operating Systems
DOS with Windows 3.x
OS/2
UNIX-Based
What is a GUI?
5. Screen Characteristics
Event Driven
Native API
X Window vs. Windowing
X Window GUIs
Windowing GUIs
Other Environments
Database Access
SQL Interface
Extended SQL
Application Logic
Generated Application Logic
Customized Application Logic
Client Software Products
GUI Environments
Windows 3.x
Presentation Manager
Motif
Open Look
Converting 3270/5250 Screens
Database Access Tools
Client Requirements
GUI Design Standards
Open GUI Standards
Interface Independence
Testing Interfaces
Development Aids
Smart GUI interfaces
Smart SQL Interfaces
Data Dictionaries and Repositories
Smart OLTP Interfaces
UNIT 4 - The Server
Server Hardware
6. Benchmarks
Categories of Servers
File Server
Application Server
Data Server
Compute Server
Database Server
Communication Server
Features of Server Machines
Multiprocessing
Multithreading
Memory Subsystems
Redundant Components
Classes of Server Machines
Micro/Server
Supersavers
Database Machines
Server Environment
Network Management Environment
Distributed Management Environment
Object Management Architecture
UI-Atlas
Networking Computing Environment
Distributed Computing Environment
Open Network Computing
Network Operating System
Server Requirements
Platform Independence
Transaction Processing
Two-Phase Commits
Transaction Logs
Connectivity
Remote Procedure Calls
7. Server Data Management and Access Tools
Data Manager Features
Standard SQL Access
Distributed Database Architecture
User Connections
Data Management Software
SYBASE SQL server
Microsoft SQL Server
SQLBase
Netware SQL
Other Options
Database Gateways
EDA/SQL
Database Gateway
SQL Bridge
SYBASE Open Client/Server
UNIT 5 – Client Server and Internet
Client server and internet
Web client server
3 tier client server web style
CGI
The server side of web
CGI and State
SQL database servers
Middleware and federated databases
Data warehouses
EIS/DSS to data mining
GroupWare Server
What is GroupWare?
Components of GroupWare
8. QUESTION BANK
UNIT 1 - Introduction
PART-A
1. What is Client Server Computing?
2. List out Application tasks of Client Server Computing.
3. Define User interface
4. What is Presentation Logic?
5. What is Application Logic?
6. What is Data Integrity?
7. Define Rightsizing.
8. Define Downsizing.
9. What is Upsizing?
10. Define Smart sizing.
11. List out Benefits of Client/Server Computing.
12. What is Increased Productivity?
13. Define Resource Utilization.
14. Define Open Systems.
15. Define Hardware Trends.
16. List out Software Trends.
17. What is Components of Client/Server Applications?
18. Define Database Access.
9. 19. List out Transaction-Processing Applications.
20. What is Host-Based Processing?
21. Define Cooperative Processing.
22. What is Multithreaded Processing?
23. Define Continuing Evolution.
24. What is meant by query oriented applications?
25. Draw Distribution of processing in Client Server model.
26. Define client/server computing.
27. What is mean by distributed computing?
28. List out the application tasks in client server computing.
29. What are the functions of Query languages? Draw query language architecture.
30. Discuss Distribution of Processing in Client / Server model.
31. What is mean by right sizing, and list the variations?
32. What is mean by hardware trends?
33. What is mean by power, chips, and memory?
34. What is mean by Relational database?
35. Define Multi thread processing.
36. List the capabilities are include in micro operating systems.
37. What is mean by Network?
38. What are the components of Client /server computing?
39. What are the Client functions?
40. What are the functions of Server services?
41. Define Host-Based processing.
42. Define Client-based processing.
43. Define Cooperative processing.
44. What are the two products of LAN?
45. What is mean by screen emulating systems?
46. Define Database access.
47. Discuss mission critical applications.
48. Define Decision support system or Executive information systems.
10. PART-B
1. Discuss Networking Trends.
2. Briefly explain about Categories of Client Server Applications?
3. Discuss Classes of Client Server Applications.
4. Explain Overview of Client Server Applications?
5. Discuss Evolution of Client Server Computing.
6. Discuss briefly applications of client/server computing.
7. Explain the benefits of client/server computing.
8. Explain hardware and Software trends.
9. Explain the evolution of operating systems.
10. Explain the network trends and Business considerations
11. Explain the components of Client/Server applications.
12 Explain classes of Client /Server applications.
13. Explain Office systems, with neat diagram.
14. Briefly explain the Transaction-processing Applications.
15. Explain Investigation Applications.
UNIT 2 - Client/Server Operating Systems
PART-A
1. Discuss Dispelling the Myths.
2. How Client/Server Computing is Easily Implemented?
3. Define Minimal Training.
4. Discuss how the Development Time Is Shorter?
5. What is Reliability?
6. Draw Restructuring Corporate Architecture.
7. Define Standards Areas of Client Server Computing.
11. 8. List out Existing Standards.
9. What is POSIX?
10. What is OSI?
11. Define RDA and DRDA.
12. List out Components of an Open Systems Environment.
13. What is DME?
14. Define DCE.
15. Define X/Open.
16. Define SQL Access Group.
17. What is Internetworking?
18. What is Interoperability?
19. List out Compatible Environments.
20. List out Perceived Benefits.
21. What is mean by Myths?
22. Discuss micro-oriented professionals.
23. What are the requirements of client/server software?
24. What is mean by relational data structures?
25. Compare host based application with Client server application.
26. List out the Obstacles of Client/Server computing.
27. Define costs.
28. What is mean by mixed platforms?
29. Explain Boston-based –Boston systems Group.
30. Explain Reliability.
31. What is mean by Restructuring Corporate Architecture?
32. Why there is a need for maintaining client/server software?
33. Define open system.
34. What are the Standard areas of Client/server computing?
35. What is mean by Middleware?
36. Define Platforms.
37. What is mean by Networks?
38. Define applications.
12. 39. What is the latest version of UNIX?
40. Define TCP/IP Protocol.
41. What are the components of Open systems?
42. What are the factors for success?
PART – B
1. Explain in detail about dispelling the Myths?
2. Discuss Obstacles-Upfront and Hidden.
3. Explain Open Systems and Standards?
4. Explain Standards-Setting Organizations?
5. Discuss about key Factors for Success.
6. Explain briefly dispelling the Myths.
7. Explain how the Relational Technology is related to client to client /server technology.
8. Briefly explain the obstacles of Client/Server computing.
9. Discuss mixed platforms.
10. Explain the Maintenance of Client/Server software.
11. Explain briefly Open system and Standards.
12. Discuss about the Existing Standards in Server operating Systems.
13. Briefly discuss the Standards-Setting Organizations.
14. List the Factors for success and explain them.
15. Explain SQL access Group.
UNIT 3 - The Client
PART-A
1. What are major functions of the Client?
2. What is Client Hardware and Software?
3. List out Client Components.
4. Define Client Hardware.
5. Define Client Software.
6. What is meant by Interface Environments?
7. Define graphical user interface.
13. 8. Define drag and drop.
9. List out the control features.
10. What is Client Operating Systems?
11. List out communication between DOS with Windows 3.x.
12. What is OS/2?
13. What is a GUI?
14. What is DLL?
15. What is DDE?
16. What is OLE?
17. List the Screen Characteristics.
18. What is Event Driven?
19. What is Native API?
20. Differentiate the X Window and Windowing.
21. What is X Window GUIs?
22. What is Database Access?
23. Define SQL Interface.
24. What is Extended SQL?
25. Draw event loop.
26. What is hybrid?
27. What is Generated Application Logic?
28. Define Customized Application Logic.
29. What is Client Software Products?
30. List out GUI Environments.
31. What is Motif?
32. What is Open Look?
33. Compare DDE and OLE.
34. What is flashpoint?
35. List out the Database Access Tools.
36. Define data workbench.
37. List out the data workbench tools.
38. What is sequel ink?
14. 39. What is GUI Design Standards?
40. List out the basic principles of Open GUI Standards.
41. What is Interface Independence?
42. Discuss Testing Interfaces.
43. What is SQA?
44. List out the Development Aids.
45. Define Data Dictionaries and Repositories.
46. What is a Smart OLTP interface?
47. Define Client Hardware.
48. Define Client Software.
49. What is the possible software’s in a client machine?
50. Define GUI.
51. What are the popular operating systems used in Client / Server?
52. What are the improvements are done in DOS?
53. What are the three technologies are included in Windows 3X?
54. Explain Work Place Shell.
55. What are the two important features in OS/2?
56. Explain Screen characteristics.
57. What are the common events performed by GUI?
58. What are the tools used in API environment?
59. What are the classes found in Client / server computing?
60. Define memory Pools.
61. Define Dynamic Link Library.
62. What is mean by Presentation Manager?
63. What are the tools present in Motif’s environment?
64. Define Flashpoint.
65. Define Access point.
66. What are the tools present in Data Workbench??
67. Define the basic principles of effective GUI design.
68. Write short notes on ALEX software.
69. Define Development Aids.
15. 70. What is mean by Smart OLTP interfaces?
PART – B
1. Briefly explain about Client Hardware and Software?
2. Discuss Client Components.
3. Explain various Client Operating Systems?
4. Discuss about GUI standards.
5. Discuss merits and demerits of X Window and Windowing.
6. Explain with neat sketch of Database Access?
7. Explain about Application Logic?
8. Explain various Client Software Products?
9. Discuss about Database Access Tools.
10. Explain various Client Requirements?
11. Briefly explain about Development Aids?
12. Discuss about GUI Environments.
13. Elaborate the Client components and its features.
14. Explain Client operating Systems.
15. Explain in detail about X Windows vs. Windowing.
16. Explain Database access and Application Logic.
1. SQL interface.
2. Extended SQL.
17. Discuss briefly Windows 3X in GUI environments.
18. Discuss briefly Presentation manager, motif, Open Look in GUI environments.
19. Discuss briefly Database access tools.
20. Write short notes on.
(a).Open GUI standards
(b). Interface Independence.
21. Write short notes on Development Aids, then explain the following.
(a).Smart GUI interfaces
(b). Data Dictionaries and Repositories
(c ). Smart OLTP interfaces.
16. UNIT 4 - The Server
PART-A
1. What is Server Hardware?
2. Define Benchmarks.
3. List out the Categories of Servers.
4. What is File Server?
5. Define Application Server.
6. What is Data Server?
7. Define Compute Server.
8. Define Database Server.
9. What is Communication Server?
10. What are the Features of Server Machines?
11. What is Multiprocessing?
12. What is Multithreading?
13. Define Memory Subsystems.
14. List out the Redundant Components.
15. List out Classes of Server Machines.
16. What is Micro/Server?
17. What is Supersavers?
18. What is Database Machines?
19. What is Server Environment?
20. Draw Object Management Architecture.
21. What is UI-Atlas?
22. Define Distributed Computing Environment.
23. What is Open Network Computing?
24. List out Server Requirements.
25. What is Platform Independence?
26. Define Transaction Processing.
27. What is Two-Phase Commits?
28. What is Transaction Logs?
29. What is Connectivity?
17. 30. What is Remote Procedure Calls?
31. List out Data Manager Features.
32. What is Standard SQL Access?
33. Draw Distributed Database Architecture.
34. What is User Connections?
35. What is Data Management Software?
36. What is SYBASE SQL server?
37. What is Microsoft SQL Server?
38. What is SQL Base?
39. What is Netware SQL?
40. Define Database Gateway.
41. What is EDA/SQL?
42. What is SQL Bridge?
43. What are the three major benchmark tests are found?
44. List the types of Server.
45. What is the use of Database server?
46. Explain the features of Server machine.
47. What is mean by multithreading and multiprocessing?
48. What are the two versions found in RAID-1?
49. Define super server.
50. What is mean by Fault-Tolerance machines?
51. What are the categories of software working on a server?
52. Write short notes on DME products.
53. What are components found in Object Management Architecture?
54. Define Semaphores and pipes.
55. What are the interfaces, applications and subsystems found in Windows NT?
56. What are the features of Windows NT?
57. What are the three major components found in UNIX systems?
58. Explain STREAMS.
59. What are the components of Solaris?
60. What are the characteristics of OLTP environment?
18. 61. Define Platform Independence.
62. List the categories of ACID test.
63. Define Triggers.
64. What are the graphical applications found in SQLBase 5.0?
65.
PART- B
1. Explain various Server Hardware?
2. Briefly explain about Benchmarks?
3. Discuss various Categories of Servers.
4. Discuss Features of Server Machines.
5. Explain Classes of Server Machines?
6. Briefly explain about Server Environment?
7. Explain Network Management Environment?
8. Briefly explain about Networking Computing Environment?
9. Explain different types of Network Operating System?
10. Explain various Server Requirements?
11. Discuss Platform Independence.
12. Briefly explain about Transaction Processing?
13. Briefly explain about Connectivity?
14. Explain various Server Data Management and Access Tools?
15. Briefly explain about Data Management Software?
16. Explain in detail about the feature of Server machine.
17. Discuss in detail, Extensions and Network Operating Systems in Server Environment.
18. Write short notes for the following
(i)Two Phase commits,(ii)Locking Schemes,(iii)Transaction Logs,(iv) Connectivity,
(v) Intelligent Database,(vi)Stored Procedures,(vi)Triggers.
19. Explain briefly about Data management software.
20. Discuss in detail about Data manager Features.
21. Discuss in detail about Data management Software.
22. Explain in detail about Database Gateways
19. UNIT 5 – Client Server and Internet
PART-A
1. Define Internet.
2. What is Middleware?
3. What is CGI?
4. What is EIS?
5. What is DSS?
6. Define Data mining.
7. Define Middleware.
8. Define Data warehouses.
9. What is GroupWare?
10. List out Components of GroupWare.
11. What is the Era in web client server?
12. What are the web application protocols?
13. Draw the URL structure.
14. What are the types of HTTP header fields?
15. Define CGI.
16. Define hyperlink with its syntax.
17. Define CGI and its state.
18. What are the two security protocols in web?
19. Define SSL.
20. What are the ISO standards and define it?
21. What are the three types of SQL Server Architecture?
22. Differentiate between static and dynamic SQL.
23. Define SQL middleware.
24. What are the middleware solutions?
25. Draw the MDI gateway structure?
26. What are the ODBC components?
27. What are the common gateways?
28. Define EIS/DSS.
20. 29. What are the elements of a data warehousing system?
30. Define X.400 mail backbone.
31. What is meant by gateway?
32. What are the components of groupware?
33. What is the Email APIs?
PART – B
1. Briefly explain about Client server and internet?
2. Discuss about Web client server.
3. Briefly explain about 3 tier client server web style?
4. Briefly explain about CGI and State?
5. Discuss SQL database servers.
6. Discuss merits and demerits Middleware and federated databases.
7. Briefly explain about Data warehouses?
8. Explain EIS/DSS to data mining?
9. Briefly explain about GroupWare Server?
10. Explain Components of GroupWare?
11. Describe about 3-tier client/server web style.
12. Explain CGI scenario based on the web client/server in the interactive era.
13. Brief description about SQL Database Server Architectures with ISO Standards.
14. Give brief explanation for CGI and STATE.
15. How to structure the flow of text in HTML document.