This document outlines a project to improve street cleanliness in Zone 1 of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The goal is to decrease disease and create an attractive environment through better waste management. Zone 1 generates a high waste volume as a business center. Currently, streets and drainage lines are used as dumps, causing odor and pollution. The project has two phases: the first involves awareness campaigns, street cleaning, and enforcing rules with community participation. The second phase focuses on infrastructure like drainage and roads. Monitoring will be done quarterly by health experts. The estimated two-year budget is 3.9 million Birr from various sources to pay cleaners, educators, and materials.

1. Project on clean street
In
Zone-one, Addis ababa
Prepared By:
Fikru Tessema
(Project Coordinator)
OCTOBER 1999
HEALTH BUREAU
ADDIS ABABA

2. TABLE OF CONTENT
Contents Page
INTRODUCTION................................................. 1
PROBLEM STATEMENT.................................... 1
GOAL AND OBJECTIVES.................................. 2
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY...................... 3
IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE...................... 4
MONITORING & EVALUATION...................... 4
PROJECT BUDGET............................................. 5
REFERENCE........................................................ 7

3. i
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PROJECT ON CLEAN STREET IN ZONE -- 1, ADDIS ABABA
(Fikru Tessema and Demissie W/Giorgis)
Clean street is essential if cities are to be environmentally attractive. Waste
management is one of the most requirement and important service to make the urban
centers clean places, which will help to promote the health of the population to
enhance its creative and productive capacities.
Addis Ababa is one of the major urban centers of Ethiopia and the capital city of the
country. Its population is 2.5 million and divided into 6 zones, 28 woredas and 303
kebeles.
Zone-1 is one of the six zones in the city and located at the middle of the city. It is also
the business center for both the city and the country. Due to this position, the waste
generation is not only from the residences of the zone. The highest portion of waste
generation is from market places and institutions.
According to the 1994 population and housing census, the total population of zone-1
is about 314 565 and the total housing units are 53 341. Out of these housing units,
43 674 have some type of sanitary facilities.
Of the total solid waste collected in the city, 25% is from this zone. The resources
daily allocated to give solid waste collection services are 6 garbage container lifter
and 4 side loader trucks, 99 and 200 communal containers of size 8 cu. m and 1.1 cu.
M respectively and 78 street cleaners. There are also 22 public toilets, which serve
about 5 290 people per toilet per day.
In general, the zone lacks proper waste management, which requires proper resource
allocation, management and integrated approach. Most drainage lines are open
ditches, which are often used for receiving any type of refuses, storm and waste water.
Most drainage appurtenances are not functional and need maintenance. These
conditions contributed to the pronounced odor and unsighty condition and deposit of
waste on the side and pavement of the street. As a result, it affects human health and
comfort and aggravates pollution of the environment in general and street in
particular.
The goal of the project is to decrease communicable diseases and avoid unsighty
condition by improving poor environmental condition and poor street cleanliness of
the zone through integrating different sectors and participating the community to
create conducive and attractive environment to the residents and visitors.
The strategies for the implementation of the project are empowering and participating
the community and integrating stakeholders. This is intended to be done by
formulating the coordinating committee of the zone. The committee is supposed to
invite governmental and non-governmental organizations, businessmen and any

4. ii
interested individuals or groups to participate in keeping their environment clean in
general and street in particular.
This project has two phases. The project components for the first phase are awareness
creation, street cleaning and guarding the polluters; and for the second phase
construction and maintenance of open ditches, roads and sewerage lines.
The outputs of the project are reduction of communicable diseases, creation and
sharing of responsibility, sighty and attractive environment in general and clean
street in particular.
The project will be implemented by the Zonal & Woreda Administration. Zonal Health
Department is the coordinator of the project. It is intended to be implemented in the
coming 5 years starting from the end of 1999 through 2004. Activities of the first
phase of the project will be implemented in the first 2 years and the second phase in
the last 3 years.
The project will be monitored and evaluated by the experts of Health Bureau and
Zonal Health Department jointly. The reports will be submitted to the project
coordinating committee and Health Bureau to finalize the evaluation.
All the resources of the project are expected from governmental, non-governmental
organizations, interested individuals, groups or donors. The total cost of the project
for the first phase is Birr 1 987 172 for a year and Birr 3 974 344 for two years; and
for the second phase it will be given in its project document.

5. 1
Project on Street Cleaning in Zone - 1, Addis Ababa
1. Introduction
Clean street is essential if cities are to be environmentally attractive. Waste
management is one of the most requirement and important service to make the urban
centers clean places, which will help to promote the health of the population to
enhance its creative and productive capacities.
An effective and efficient waste management requires sufficient resource
allocation and management. Waste management is complex and expensive. To sustain
the operation, it demands few skilled and a lot of unskilled staffs, population
cooperation and integration of different stakeholders.
Street cleaning is one of the major activities of solid waste management. Due
to poor roads' condition, drainage system and lack of parking areas and awareness,
keeping streets clean is very difficult in the city in general. It, therefore, needs an
integrated action to keep all streets clean. Since applying this program to the whole
city is not easy, it is designed to be conducted as a pilot project in one part of the city.
2. Problem Statement:
Addis Ababa is the capital city of the country with a population of 2.5 million.
The majority of the population live in unplanned, poor housing condition and mixed
commercial and residential areas. It is divided into 6 zones, 28 woerdas and 303.
Zone-1 is one of the six zones in the city with 314 565 population, 53 341
housing units of 53 341 and 43 674 housing units with some type of sanitary facilities
(1994 P.H.C) and it is located at the middle of the city. It is also the business center
for both the city and the country. Due to this position, the waste generation is not only
from the residents of the zone, but also from the visitors. The highest portion of waste
generation is from market places and institutions.
The Solid Waste Management Team with its 8 garbage lifter and 4 side loader
trucks, 99 & 200 communal containers of 8 cu. M and 1.1 cu. M size respectively and
78 street cleaners are collecting solid waste, which are 25% of the total solid waste
collected from the city per day. Out of the total solid waste collected, 8% is from
street cleaning.
The zone lacks clean environment in general and street in particular. Due to its
position of being the largest open market of the country, its solid waste generation per
day is very high. Since the solid waste collection service coverage is also low, large
portion of solid waste is disposed of on streets, in drainage lines and rivers, which
enhances communicable diseases' transmission and creates odor and unsighty
environment to its residents and visitors.

6. 2
There are about 120 km long roads in the Zone, which need routine cleaning.
The Solid Waste Management Team is cleaning about 40% of roads and the rest 60%
need cleaning that requires additional inputs.
3. Goal and Objectives
Goal:
The overall goal of this project is to decrease communicable diseases and
avoid unsighty condition by improving poor environmental condition and poor street
cleanliness of the zone.
Objectives:
 Clean the street to create conducive and attractive environment to the residents and
visitors.
 Enhance the job opportunities for unemployed residents of the zone.
 Keep the environment clean through raising the awareness of the community and
guarding the polluters.
 Expand the program to the other areas of the city.
4. Beneficiaries
The residents of the zone are potential beneficiaries. The benefits obtained
from the implementation of the project include the improved health and sanitation,
protection from pollution and deterioration of the environment and employment
opportunity.
The benefits, therefore, have environmental, economical and health
implication in the broader sense.
5. Implementation Strategy
Strategies are options of different courses of action that will help to meet and
achieve the goal and objectives of the program and sustain the program in the project
area.
The project area is Zone - 1. This project has two phases to implement the
program. Different course of action will also be employed for each phase.
The expected outputs of the project are reduction of communicable diseases,
creation and sharing of responsibilities, sighty environment, clean street and job
opportunities.

7. 3
The implementation strategies for the first phase of the program:
Strategies Activities Responsible Institution Area of Responsibility Role of Health Bureau
Empowering and
participating the
community
 Formulate Zonal Project
Coordinating Committee
 Health Bureau and Zonal
Health Department
 Coordinate community
leaders & different
stakeholders to formulate the
committee
 Coordinate the activities
Intersectoral
collaboration
 Participate different
stakeholder
 Coordinating committee
 Zonal Health Department
 Invite stakeholders to
participate in the program
 Coordinate NGOs & GOs
Enforcement  Teach and enforce the
community to exercise rules
and regulations
 Kebele Administration  Penalize polluters  Prepare forum for discussion
and information sharing and
advocacy
Awareness creation  Promote hygiene and
environmental education
 Zonal Coordinating
Committee and Kebele
Administration
 Control and evaluate
community educators
 Give training for hygiene
educators and technical
assistance
Street cleaning  Sweep streets, market places,
etc
 Zonal Coordinating
committee
 Kebele Administration
 Hire street cleaners
 Control and evaluate cleaners
 Give technical assistance
Guarding polluters  Guard roads, schools, market
places, churches, mosques, etc
 Zonal coordinating
committee
 Kebele Administration
 Hire sanitary guards
 Control and evaluate guards
 Give training for sanitary
guards and technical
assistance

8. 4
Implementation Schedule:
The time frame for the implementation of the project:
Se.
No.
Activities Duration 1999/ 00 - 2003/04
1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04
1 Phase - 1:
 Formulate Zonal project
coordinating committee
X
 Participate different
stakeholders
X X X X X
 Enforce the community to
exercise rules & regulations
X X X X X
 Promote hygiene and
environmental education
X X
 Sweep streets, market
places, etc.
X X X X X
 Guard roads, schools,
market places, churches,
mosques, etc.
X X X X X
2 Phase - 2:
 Construction &
maintenance of open
ditches
X X X
 Construction &
maintenance of roads
X X X
 Construction of sewerage
lines X X X
6. Monitoring and evaluation
6.1. Monitoring:
The project will be monitored by Zonal Environmental Health Service
Coordinating Team. It will be done by field visits, group discussion and
weekly report.

9. 5
6.2. Evaluation:
The project will be evaluated quarterly by the Environmental Health Experts of
the Health Bureau. The out comes of the evaluation will be submitted to the
coordinating committee and Health Bureau.
7. Project Budget:
The budget for the first phase is given below and for the second phase, it will
be given in its project document.
7.1. Cost of materials:
Se.
No.
Item Unit Qty. Unit
cost
(Birr)
Total
cost
(Birr)
Source
Comm NGOs
1 Wheel Barrow No 88 250 22 000
2 Shovel “ 88 60 5280
3 Fork “ 88 50 4400
4 Broom “ 11 800 5 59 000
5 Total 86 280
6 10% contingency 8 628
7 G. Total for a year 94 908
8 G. Total for 2 years 189 816
7.2. Cost of working clothes and wages for street cleaners
Se.
No.
Item Unit Qty. Unit cost
(Birr per
month)
Total cost
(Birr per
year)
Source
Comm. NGOs
1 Wage of street
cleaners No. 240 250 720 000
2 Wage of foreman “ 20 350 84 000
3 Hardship allowance “
260 60 187 200
4 Working cloth per
year
“ 520 350 182 000
5 Total 1 173 200
6 10% contingency 117 320
7 G. Total for a year 1 290 520
8 G. Total for 2 years. 2 581 040

10. 6
7.3. Cost for wages and uniform of sanitary guards
Se.
No.
Item Unit Qty. Unit cost
(Birr per
month)
Total cost
(Birr per
year)
Source
Comm. NGOs
1 Wage of sanitary
guards No. 104 230 287 040
2 Uniform per year “ 208 350 72 800
3 Total 359 840
4 10% for contingency 35 984
5 Grand total for a year 395 824
6 Grand total for 2 years 791 648
7.4. Cost for incentives of hygiene educators:
Se.
No.
Item Unit Qty. Unit cost
(Birr per
month)
Total cost
(Birr per
year)
Source
Comm. NGOs
1 Hygiene and
environmental
educators
No. 104 150 187 200
2 10% contingency 18 720
3 Total for a year 205 920
4 Total for 2 years 411 840
7.5. Cost summary:
Se.
No.
Type of cost Budget of
a year
Budget of
2 years
Source
Comm. NGOs
1 For material for street
cleaning 94 908 189 816
2 For wage & working
cloth of street cleaners 1 290 520 2 581 040
3 For wage & uniform for
sanitary guards 395 824 791 648
4 For incentives of

11. 7
educators for awareness
creation 205 920 411 840
5 Total cost 1 987 172 3 974 344
8. References:
1. Addis Ababa Health Bureau activities reports.
2. Kumie A. An overview of Addis Ababa solid waste management.
3. Nor consult, Addis Ababa solid waste management study 1982.
4. Luisberger consult, Addis Ababa solid waste management study
1994 & 1995.
5. UNDP-World Bank water and Sanitation Program flied note on
Addis Ababa-1996.