water and sanitation

1. STUDY, DESIGN AND CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION AND CONSTRUCTION
SUPERVISION OF ADDITIONAL FACILITIES TO AAWSA WASTEWATER
TREATMENT PLANT SITES IN ADDIS ABABA CITY
ENVIRONMENTALAND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
June 2022
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2. Presentation Outline
1.The ESIA objective
2. Methodology
3.Relevant policies, legal and institutional framework
4.Baseline environmental and social conditions
5. Stakeholder consultation
6.Alternatives analysis
7.Impact analysis
8. Environmental management plan
5.Conclusions and recommendations
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3. 1.Objectives of the ESIA
 To identify the positive and negative impacts of the proposed project
activities on the natural and social environment;
 To propose appropriate enhancement/mitigation measures to enhance
positive impacts and avoid/minimize adverse or negative impacts;
 To develop ESMP;
 Obtain an environmental clearance certificate as per the existing
national EIA law.
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4. 2.Methodology
 Deskreviewofdifferentdocumentsincludingthedesigndocs,
 Screeningandscoping,
 Stakeholder Consultation (intensive consultation were conducted with several organizations that
havestakeintheproject).
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5. Methodology…cont
 InterviewswithSpecialistsandKeyInformants
 the engineering team on the project design and on possibilities of looking into
alternative designs.
 Different organization leaders and workers
 Focus Group Discussion (FGD): with different people
 Site visit: several times
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6. 3.Relevant policies, strategies, legal and institutional frameworks
This chapter describes:
 relevant policies, strategies, legal and institutional frameworks of the country and
 international legal requirements, under which the ESIA is prepared
Important policy documents include:
 The Federal Constitution: Article 92, sets out national policy principles and objectives, it
includesthefollowingsignificantenvironmentalobjectives:
 Development projects shall not damage or destroy the environment,
 People have the right to full consultation and expression of their views in the
planning and implementation of environmental policies and projects that
affect them directly, and
 Government and citizens shall have the duty to protect the environment.
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7. Relevant policies (cont.)
 Environmental Policy of Ethiopia
 Overall Goal
 to improve and enhance the health and quality of life of all Ethiopians and to promote
sustainable social and economic development through the sound management and use of
natural, human made and cultural resources and the environment as a whole so as to
meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs)
 Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation, Pollution Control Proclamation, Waste
Management Proclamation,
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8. Relevant policies (cont.)
URBAN WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY (UWMS,2015)
 aim of establishing a sustainable wastewater management system providing
guidance and strategic direction for the present and immediate future.
 It reviews existing policies and strategies in terms of sanitation.
 The document assumes Water sector offices at different level and municipalities to
be responsible for the planning, implementation, and operation of wastewater
management systems while other sectors like health and environment play the role
of promotion, decision making, monitoring and evaluation.
 The document, like other reviewed documents recommends economically
affordable, environmentally suitable and socially acceptable technologies.
 While discussing the implementation modality the document briefly points out on
the need for development of legislation, regulation, standard, guidelines and code
of practice.
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9. Relevant policies (cont.)
INTEGRATED URBAN SANITATION AND HYGIENE STRATEGY (IUSHS)
 Integrated Urban Sanitation and Hygiene Strategy (IUSHS) details:
 provides strategic direction in terms of integration of urban sanitation intervention,
service delivery requirements and management technology, capacity building,
cross cutting issues, financing and tariff setting principles, institution arrangement
and roles.
 It also stresses that successful implementation of the integrated urban sanitation
and hygiene is dependent on the effectiveness of the institutions created to manage
urban sanitation in different towns.
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10.  Other Policies reviewed include:
Proclamation for the Establishment of the AAWSA,
 Labor Proclamation,
Public Health Proclamation,
 Policy documents of the World Bank
Proclamation No 661/2009 On Waste Handling
Water Sector Strategy of the MOWIE
Ethiopian Environmental Strategy
National Sanitation Strategy (NHSS)
Growth and Transformation Plan II(GTP II)
Ethiopia Second Urban Water Supply and Sanitation
Project (UWSSP II)
Relevant policies (cont.)
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11. Institutional and Administrative Framework
Addis Ababa Environmental Protection Authority
 reviewing and pass decisions and follow-up the proper implementations of ESMP
of this project.
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12. Institutional and Administrative Framework Cont’d
Addis Ababa Water and Sewerage Authority
 AAWSA has the mandates of:
 supplying safe and adequate potable water;
 providing wastewater and sludge disposal services for the dwellers of Addis Ababa
city;
 the Authority is the sole provider of the aforementioned services to the metropolis;
 AAWSA undertakes both source and facility development and service provision
activities:
• water source development,
• water supply and sewerage network development, and
• water treatment and wastewater treatment facilities development.
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13. 1.Flora and Fauna
 at all the project sites no endangered flora
and fauna exist
 However,there is dense vegetation cover and
bird species at Gelan and Mikililand WWTP
sites
Mikililand WWTP site/ densely forested
Gelan WWTP site/ densely forested Bird spp.around the pond/Mikililand WWTP site
4.Baseline Environment and Social Condition
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14. 2.Water bodies(Rivers and Streams)
Polluted
 streams and rivers are serving like sewer
conduits;
 sewer lines that cross rivers are broken
and are draining black water to rivers;
 untreated waste water released from
WWTPs join rivers;
• eg Bole Kotebe and Mikililand
 manholes installed at the side of rivers are
eroded/not protected (thus rivers are at
risk of pollution).
broken sewer line around alpha sec school
Bole Arabsa 2A site
Baseline cont’d
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15. 3.Soil /land Condition
Erosion and land degradation
 streams and rivers sides
 Retaining walls and manholes
Degraded soil behind Yotek real estate site Degraded soil at Arabsa site
Baseline cont’d
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16. Air
Polluted
 The emissions from the WWTPs are nuisances to nearby residents and organizations
(from observation and consultation).
Eg Bole lemi Industrial Park and Community nearby are affected by the bad
odor from the Bole Kotebe WWTP
Baseline cont’d
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17. Social Condition
Community around the project areas:
 Effluent released from Bole Kotebe WWTP do
not meet release standard
 there is farming practice (infection)
 At Arabsa overflowing manholes are affecting
downstream community and church
 When there is power interruption raw black
water is released to the environment and
community are affected
 Also odor from the WWTPs is nuisance
vegetation farming at Bole Kotebe WWTPs site
Baseline cont’d
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18. 5.Stakeholder consultation
Purpose of the stakeholder consultation is to:
• To introduce the proposed project;
• To understand the issues or concerns that the stakeholders may
have;
• To identify potential socio-economic and environmental effects
of the project;
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19. Stakeholder consultation purpose (contd.)
• To establish areas of co-operation and development;
• To promote ownership and enhance social acceptability;
• To evaluate alternatives and seek solutions; and
• To resolve or avoid any potential conflicts related to the proposed project.
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20. Summary of consultation (contd.)
 All stakeholder underlined the importance of the Project;
 Consideration of the preservation of biodiversity flora, the
protection of rivers and streams during construction;
 Concern on traffic jam, covid 19, noise ……;
 Priority of employment to the local community
 Care for flora and fauna;
 safe storage, handling and management for chemical ,etc.
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21. List of consulted stakeholders
No Name Sex Organization and Position Mob
1 Ato Tolosa Yadessa Terfa M Environment and Social Assessment Directorate
Director, Environment Protection Authority
0913754227
2 Ato Seid Abdela M EIA Team Leader, Addis Ababa Environmental
Protection Authority
0911375728
3 Ato Belaynesh Biru F Env’t & Community Development Directorate
Director, MWIE
0912159392
4 Ato Getachew Beyene M Env’t & Community Development Directorate
Expert, MWIE
0910222381
5 Ato Mulugeta Argaw
Teshome
M Sewage Treatment &Re-use Sub-Process Leader,
AAWSA
0913042976
6 Ato Dawit Molla M Road Design and Inspection Directorate, AACRA 0906641365
7 Ato Fekadu Fenta M Addis Ababa Education Bureau, Head 0911383130
8 Ato Yonatan Tekle M Traffic Security Engineering Team (TMA) 091146463
9 Henok M Bole Lemi I Industrial parks, IPDC 0913774141
10 Eden W/Senbet F Addis Ababa Education Bureau, ICT Expert 0924367909
11 Ato Misbah Hassen M Kality WWTP, Head 0961044978
12 Frehiwot Bayu F Kotebe WWTP Head 0926794719
13 Ato Beemnet Nega F Addis Ababa Health Bureau 0910829982
14 Ato Dires Hunegnaw M Addis Ababa Plan Commission, Planner 0932275344
15 Hirut Shiferaw F AA Fire & Disaster Risk Mgt Commission,
Director
0911887979
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22. List of Focus group discussion participants around the project sites
No Name Sex Work Mob
1 Ato Adugna Gemechu M Farmer
2 Ato Alemu Adugna M Farmer
3 Ato Zelalem Abebe M Farmer
4 W/ro Mersha Ali F Selling
vegetables
0923277348
5 W/ro Asrat Worku F >> 0923982572
6 W/ro Alemnesh Akmel F >> 0911383130
7 W/ro Murida Omer F >> 0985334297
8 W/ro Atsede Bewidneh F >> 0922122603
9 Ato Nuredin Shemisu M Store Keeper
10 Abdulaziz Mesid M Student
11 W/ro Seble Taye F Selling
vegetables
12 W/ro Roza Fantahun F >>
13 W/ro Ejigayehu Abebe F >>
14 W/ro Adis Atinaw F >> 22

23. 6.Alternatives analysis
 Alternatives
 are possible courses of action, in place of another, that would meet the same
purpose and need (of proposal).
 Alternatives can refer to any of the following :
 alternative sites for development,
 alternative projects for a particular site,
 alternative site layouts,
 alternative designs,
 alternative methods and materials,
 “no action” .
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24. Alternative analysis cont’d
Purpose: in order to decide which option is friendly from environmental, social and
economic point of view
Method: rigorous analysis of all aspects of the project from the ‘how’, ‘when’ and
‘where’ perspectives with the view of reducing or completely eliminating the
anticipated adverse impacts
The alternatives considered in this project were:
1.The no project and implementation of the project alternative
2. Alternatives within the project
 Analysis of the alternatives considered favored the selection of the project
implementation alternative as shown in the next slide,
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25. Implementation of the project
• reduction of underground water pollution;
• reduction in water-borne diseases such as
dysentery;
• reduction in the potential for outbreaks of
epidemic infectious diseases such as cholera
and hence improvement of public health
situation of the community;
• Creation of job opportunities during
construction and operation activities.
The No Project option
• the no project option means that the sewerage
management situation will remain the same and
continue to deteriorate.
• This mean that sanitation problems faced by
residents of Addis Ababa City will continue. This
could result in water borne diseases such as
dysentery and Cholera.
• The general conditions of the environment will also
get poor with continued pollution.
• Because of these reasons, the no-project alternative
is very undesirable.
• Therefore, with implementation of proposed
mitigation measures in this ESIA for the impacts
(by the contractor) and proper follow-up (by the
supervision consultant), the Alternative to
implement the project is chosen as a beneficial
option/alternative .
Alternative analysis cont’d
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26. Then the analysis of alternatives with in the project commenced.
 Implementation of the project with:
 alternative construction methods;
 alternative construction materials;
 alternative design;
 alternative site layout;
 alternative source of energy and water and use efficiency, etc.
Alternative analysis cont’d
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27. Alternatives analysis cont’d
1. Alternative construction method
Rock excavation
There are several options for trench excavation in rock:
 light explosives;(not allowed in the city)
 Excavation with jack hammers;
 spot blasting; and
 Chemical expansion and cracking.
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28. Alternatives analysis cont’d
2. Alternative power/energy source and crossing
 Power source
 use of diesel vs clean source like solar.
 the use of clean power like solar is provided as an alternative power source.
 Crossing
 trenchless vs with trench
 use of trenchless crossing is proposed as an alternative to minimize the impact on
geology, soil and topography,
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29. Alternatives analysis cont’d
3.Scheduling construction work
 Scheduling construction works that involve diversion of traffic to weekends and
holidays;
 Excavating trenches in the dry season than in the rainy season.
 the risks of drowning or trench collapse are much lesser.
 has less impact on health and safety
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30. Alternatives analysis cont’d
4.Materials to be used (climate change aspects)
 Materials that are of durable quality and resistant to moist, climatological conditions,
climate change factors, etc. were proposed to be used as described in the technical
specifications for the project.
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31. Alternatives analysis cont’d
5. Alternative technology to be used
 Safe and efficient in water use
 With respect to water use:
 dust suppression vehicles with sprinklers;
 efficient showers (low-flow showerheads);
 fan misting systems for dust suppression;
 high-pressure trigger operated spray gun hoses;
 low flush/waterless urinals;
 sprinkler systems for curing concrete; and
 water efficient taps.
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32. 7.Impact Analysis
Description of the Existing and Anticipated Impacts
 The proposed development will change the salient biophysical and socio-economic
environmental features of the city.
 During implementation, potential positive and negative environmental effects are
expected to arise out of the construction and operational activities of the project.
Existing Impacts
 Due to broken sewer lines at river crossings, pollution of Rivers
Bad odour from the WWTPs affecting nearby community
Blocked and overflowing manholes affecting downstream community
Due to River erosion, the sewer lines, man holes and retaining walls are affected
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33. Impact Analysis cont’d
 Anticipated Impacts
 The anticipated impacts of the proposed project on the environmental & social l
elements are both positive and negative.
 The significance of each impact is described in terms its likelihood of occurrence and
and magnitude which is functions of extent, duration and intensity of impact.
 On the basis of information gathered during both on desk and field study, the
potential environmental impacts of the proposed project are described in the next
slides
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34. Impact Analysis cont’d
Positive Impacts During Construction and Operation Phases
 reduction of underground water pollution;
 reduction in water-borne diseases such as dysentery;
 reduction in the potential for outbreaks of epidemic infectious diseases such as cholera
and hence improvement of public health situation of the community;
 Creation of job opportunities.
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35. Impact Analysis cont’d
No Main identified impacts Nature Duration Extent Intensity Probability Significance Residual
impact (after
proposed
mitigation)
Construction Phase
1 Dust and gaseous emissions -ve short term localized medium certain moderate low
2 Noise and vibrations nuisance -ve short term localized medium certain moderate low
3 Soil erosion and destabilization of soil
structure
-ve short term localized medium certain moderate low
4 Visual intrusion -ve short term localized low certain moderate low
5 Water pollution -ve short term localized medium certain minor low
6 Disruption to business, traffic and
residents,
-ve short term localized low certain minor low
7 Increased traffic -ve short term localized medium certain moderate low
8 reduce agricultural land -ve long term localized high possible significant low
9 Health and Safety Concerns -ve short term localized high certain significant low
10 Solid Waste Generation -ve short term localized medium certain moderate low
11 COVID-19 -ve Short term localized high certain significant low
12 Loss of biodiversity/vegetation -ve short term localized medium possible minor low
13 Employment +ve short term localized high certain significant high
14 Spread of alien and invasive species -ve long term beyond
environs
high possible moderate low
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36. Impact Analysis Cont’d
No Main identified impacts Nature Duration Extent Intensity Probability Significance Residual
impact (after
proposed
mitigation)
Operation
1 Soil and water pollution -ve Short term localized medium certain moderate low
2 Odour -ve permanent beyond
environs
high certain significant low
3 Ecological damage -ve permanent beyond
environs
high possible moderate low
4 Health hazard -ve medium localized high possible significant low
5 Discharge of hazardous
industrial effluents into sewer
-ve medium localized high possible moderate low
6 Risk of drowning and accidental
falls of animals or people into
the stabilization ponds.
-ve medium
term
localized high possible moderate low
7 Solid waste generation -ve medium
term
localized medium certain moderate low
8 Public health and safety -ve medium localized medium possible moderate low
9 Employment Positive short term localized medium certain significant high
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37. Impact Analysis Cont’d
No Main identified impacts Nature Duration Extent Intensity Probability Significance Residual
impact (after
proposed
mitigation)
Operation
10 Impact on flora as a result of
leak in the system
Negative medium
term
localized Medium possible moderate low
11 Spread of alien and invasive
species
Negative long term beyond
environs
High possible moderate low
12 Ground and surface water
pollution
Negative long term beyond
environs
High possible moderate low
13 Mosquito breeding and disease
transmission
negative medium
term
beyond
environs
High possible moderate low
14 Extreme weather events Negative short term localized high unlikely moderate low
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38. 8. Environmental and Social Management Plan
The objective of ESMP is in implementing the mitigation measures
recommended which will reduce each environmental and social impact
considered to be significant enough to require a degree of control.
 Show the word version of the ESMP and Monitoring matrix
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39. 9.Conclusions and Recommendations
Conclusions
 Although the positive impacts overweigh, there are also potential negative impacts from the
Project.
 Most of the negative impacts can be reduced or mitigated.
 Most of the potential negative impacts are confined to the construction phase.
 Direct impacts from construction on the physical and socio-economic environment including
health and safety and gender issues can be reduced or eliminated, principally by measures
taken by the works contractors in compliance with Ethiopian laws and regulations.
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40. Conclusion cont’d
 The major benefit of the project will be during the operational phase from improved
sanitation in the City of Addis Ababa which will decrease the incidence of water-borne and
water related diseases.
 Overall, the Project is the key component to the provision of improved sanitation service in
the City of Addis Ababa.
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41. • In view of the information collected and this ESIA study, the consultant recommends
that the proposed project is desirable and therefore requires licensing to allow for its
speedy implementation with full adherence of the Environmental and Social
Management and Monitoring Plan.
• For Yekabado site, the issue of overflowing manholes is not included in the project
TOR, only retaining wall construction is proposed.
• As these overflowing manholes have environmental and social impacts, their
consideration in the project is recommended.
• COVID cases -to protect spread of the disease it is important to strictly monitor the
provision of masks and hand sanitizers for the project workers as well as all experts
involved during the constructions and ensure enforcement of the law.
Recommendations
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42. Thank you very much for your attention
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