The document discusses clauses and subordinate clauses. It provides examples of joining two sentences into one sentence using subordinate clauses, and rearranging the order of the clauses using commas. The main points are: - A clause is a part of a sentence, and can be either a main clause or subordinate clause. - Subordinate clauses add extra information to the main clause and cannot stand alone. - Subordinate clauses can be moved around and placed before or after the main clause by using commas. - Multiple sentence structures can be formed by combining the two given clauses in different ways using commas and subordinate conjunctions.

1. Clauses
Sentence Level Work
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2. Aims
 What is a clause?
 What is a subordinate clause?
 How can we use them correctly?
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3. Task 1
 Jo was late for school.
 She forgot to set the alarm.
Join these sentences together to
make one sentence. You may add in
any words except ‘and’, ‘but’ or ‘so’
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4. Examples
 Jo was late for school because she
forgot to set her alarm.
 Jo was late for school when she
forgot to set her alarm.
 Jo was late for school having
forgotten to set her alarm.
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5. What is a clause?
 A clause is one part of a sentence. In
the sentence we’ve looked at there are
two clauses.
 Jo was late for school
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6. What is a clause?
 A clause is one part of a sentence. In
the sentence we’ve looked at there are
two clauses.
 Jo was late for school (Clause 1)
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7. What is a clause?
 A clause is one part of a sentence. In
the sentence we’ve looked at there are
two clauses.
 Jo was late for school (Clause 1)
because she forgot to set her alarm.
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8. What is a clause?
 A clause is one part of a sentence. In
the sentence we’ve looked at there are
two clauses.
 Jo was late for school (Clause 1)
because she forgot to set her alarm.
(Clause 2)
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9. What are the clauses called?
The clause which
makes sense on its
own- Jo was late for
school- is called a
MAIN CLAUSE.
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10. What are the clauses called?
The clause which doesn’t
make sense on its own-
because she forgot to set
her alarm- is called a
SUBORDINATE CLAUSE.
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11. Task 2
 Try to re-write the sentence.
 This time, start with the information
about the alarm first and end with the
information that Jo was late.
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12. Examples
 Jo was late for school because she
forgot to set her alarm.
 Jo was late for school when she
forgot to set her alarm.
 Jo was late for school having
forgotten to set her alarm.
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13. Examples
 Because she forgot to set her alarm,
Jo was late for school.
 When she forgot to set her alarm, Jo
was late for school.
 Having forgotten to set her alarm, Jo
was late for school.
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14. Examples
 Because she forgot to set her alarm,
Jo was late for school.
 When she forgot to set her alarm, Jo
was late for school.
 Having forgotten to set her alarm, Jo
was late for school.
What do you notice about the difference in punctuation
here?
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15. Rule
 When beginning a sentence
with a subordinate clause, it
must be separated from the
main clause by a comma.
 Because she forgot to set her alarm,
Jo was late for school.
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16. Task 3
 Rewrite the sentence again. This time:
 Start with the word Jo
 Then add the information about the
alarm
 Then finish with the information about
her being late
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17. Examples
 Jo was late for school because she
forgot to set her alarm.
 Jo was late for school when she
forgot to set her alarm.
 Jo was late for school having
forgotten to set her alarm.
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18. Examples
 Jo, because she forgot to set her
alarm, was late for school.
 Jo, when she forgot to set her alarm,
was late for school.
 Jo, having forgotten to set her alarm,
was late for school.
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19. Examples
 Jo, because she forgot to set her
alarm, was late for school.
 Jo, when she forgot to set her alarm,
was late for school.
 Jo, having forgotten to set her alarm,
was late for school.
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20. Examples
 Jo, because she forgot to set her
alarm, was late for school.
 Jo, when she forgot to set her alarm,
was late for school.
 Jo, having forgotten to set her alarm,
was late for school.
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21. Examples
 Jo, because she forgot to set her
alarm, was late for school.
 Jo, when she forgot to set her alarm,
was late for school.
 Jo, having forgotten to set her alarm,
was late for school.
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22. Rule
 When using a subordinate clause to
split up a main clause, it must be
separated on both sides by commas.
 Jo, because she forgot to set her
alarm, was late for school.
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23. Task 4
 The teacher looked up crossly.
 John walked in late.
How many varieties of sentence can you
create using these two clauses?
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