This document discusses tooth preparation and amalgam restorations for Class V restorations. It describes the two steps of tooth preparation as the initial preparation to remove decay or existing restorations to a depth of 0.5mm inside the dentin-enamel junction, and the final preparation which includes removing any remaining decay, adding retention grooves, and finishing. It also outlines the advantages and disadvantages of amalgam, including its ease of use but lack of aesthetics. The document provides details on condensing and carving amalgam into the preparation and finishing the restoration.
The presentation depicts in a very simplified manner the steps of cavity preparation and restoration of class 3 and class 5 composite restoration. It is well supported with illustrations that further provide a better understanding of the topic.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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self correcting anomalies in the development of occlusion. this ppt includes the anomalies of a child's developing occlusion which get corrected by itself in some time as the development continues. This includes Retrognathic mandible,infantile swallow,anterior open and deep bite,etc. these topics are important in BDS final examination
The presentation depicts in a very simplified manner the steps of cavity preparation and restoration of class 3 and class 5 composite restoration. It is well supported with illustrations that further provide a better understanding of the topic.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
self correcting anomalies in the development of occlusion. this ppt includes the anomalies of a child's developing occlusion which get corrected by itself in some time as the development continues. This includes Retrognathic mandible,infantile swallow,anterior open and deep bite,etc. these topics are important in BDS final examination
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The pediatric dentistry in the restorative to the damaged tooth by the caries and the prevention for the further shedding and erupting of the permanent tooth.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
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the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
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The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
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effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
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This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
2. Tooth Preparation
It is defined as the mechanical alteration of a tooth to receive a restorative
material, which will return the tooth to proper anatomical form, function and
esthetics.
The procedure of preparing the tooth by removal of defective or friable
tooth structure.
Any remaining infected or friable tooth structure may result in further caries
progression, sensitivity or pain or fracture of the tooth and/or restoration.
4. Class V restorations
Class V restorations ,by definition, include the
gingival one third (i.e., cervical area) of the facial
and lingual surface of the tooth crown
5. Amalgam
Amalgam is an alloy in which mercury occurs as a main component.
Dental Amalgam is an alloy of mercury with silver, tin and varying amounts
of copper, zinc and other minor components.
6. Advantages of amalgam
1. Ease of manipulation
2. Satisfactory marginal adaptation
3. Wider range of application
4. Physical characteristics are comparable to enamel and dentin
5. Less technique sensitive
6. Self sealing
7. Biocompatible
8. good wear resistance
9. Low cost
10. Can be completed in 1 dental visit
7. Disadvantages of Amalgam
1. Less aesthetic
2. Extensive preparation to hold an amalgam filling
3. Amalgam filling can corrode or tarnish over time, causing discoloration
4. Does not bond to tooth
5. No-insulating
6. Does not support weakened tooth structure
7. Poor tensile strength, thus brittle
8. Results in galvanic current with gold restorations or even same
restoration with non-uniform condensation
10. Principles of tooth preparation
There are 2 steps
Initial tooth preparation
Outline form
Primary resistance form
Primary retention form
Convenience form
Final tooth preparation
Management of remaining caries
Secondary resistance and retention form
Pulp protection, if required
Finishing of enamel margins
Final inspection of preparation
11. Initial Tooth Preparation
The same general principles for tooth
preparation apply for all other tooth locations .
Using an inverted cone bur of suitable size,
enter the carious lesion (or existing restoration)
to a limited initial axial depth of 0.5 mm inside
the DEJ .
12. The depth is usually (1-1.25mm) total axial depth, depending on the
incisogingival/occlusogingival location.
The enamel is considerably thicker occlusally and incisally than cervically.
13. Extend the preparation incisally,gingivally,
mesially and distally until the cavosurface
margins are positioned in sound tooth
structure to establish an initial axial depth of
0.5 mm inside the DEJ( if on the root surface,
the axial depth is 0.75mm) .
The axial wall should be in sound dentin,
unless there is remaining infected caries or old
restorative material .
14. Preparation of the axial wall depth 0.5 mm inside the DEJ results in a
uniform depth for the entire preparation .
A depth of 0.5 mm inside the DEJ will permit placement of necessary
retention grooves without undermining the enamel .
15. Final Tooth Preparation
Final tooth preparation involves removal of any remaining infected dentin,
pulp protection, retention form, finishing external walls, and final
procedures of cleaning, inspecting, and desensitizing.
Remove any remaining infected axial wall dentin with a No. 2 or No. 4 bur.
As the mesial, distal, gingival, and incisal walls of the tooth preparation are
perpendicular to the external tooth surface, they usually diverge facially.
16. Consequently, this form provides no inherent retention, and retention form
must be provided .
Use a No.1/4 bur to prepare two retention grooves, one along the incisoaxial
line angle and the other along the gingivoaxial line angle.
The depth of the grooves should be approximately 0.25 mm, which is half the
diameter of the bur.
Finally, clean the preparation using air-water spray and evacuation.
17. use the air syringe to remove visible moisture
(do not desiccate tooth structure), and inspect
the preparation for completeness.
If the preparation is complete, either apply :
desensitizer (for a non-bonded
restoration)
or
begin the bonding procedures (for a
bonded restoration).
18. Condensation and Carving
Using the amalgam carrier, insert the mixed amalgam into the preparation
in small increments and condense it into the retention areas first with an
appropriately sized condenser.
Next, condense the amalgam against the mesial and distal walls of the
preparation
Finally, provide sufficient bulk in the central portion to allow for carving the
correct contour .
19.
20. Carving may begin immediately after insertion of the amalgam
21. the side of the carving instrument should always rest on unprepared tooth
surface adjacent to the prepared cavosurface margin. This prevents
overcarving.
Begin the carving procedure by removing excess amalgam to expose the
incisal (or occlusal) margin.
Continue removing excess to expose the mesial and distal margins.
23. Finishing and Polishing
If carving procedures were performed correctly, no finishing of the
restoration should be required.
However ,additional finishing and polishing of amalgam restorations may
be necessary to correct a marginal discrepancy or improve the contour.
24. Care is required when using stones or any rotating cutting instruments on
margins positioned below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ).
This is because of the possibility of removing cementum or notching the tooth
structure gingival to the margin or both
25. References
• Art and Science of
Operative dentistry
• Textbook of Operative
Dentistry
• Internet