The document discusses research and best practices for teaching different types of knowledge including vocabulary, details, organizing ideas, skills, and processes. It provides a 5-step process for teaching new vocabulary terms and recommends multiple exposures and dramatic representations for teaching details. For organizing ideas, it emphasizes applying concepts over initial understanding and discusses conceptual change. Regarding skills, it notes discovery learning can be ineffective and practice is needed for automaticity. For processes, it recommends teaching components and subcomponents in the context of the overall process.