The document discusses various methods of classifying crude drugs, including alphabetical, taxonomic, morphological, chemical, and pharmacological classification. Alphabetical classification lists drugs in alphabetical order without differentiating plant, animal, or mineral sources. Taxonomic classification classifies plant drugs by scientific hierarchies but cannot differentiate organized and unorganized drugs. Morphological classification categorizes drugs by plant parts like leaves, bark, or roots, allowing for identification of adulterants but not chemical composition. Chemical classification groups drugs based on their active chemical constituents, linking chemistry to pharmacological effects. Pharmacological classification arranges drugs according to their therapeutic uses.
Pharmacognosy is "the study of the physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties of drugs, drug substances or potential drugs or drug substances of natural origin as well as the search for new drugs from natural sources".
CARDIOTONIC
Definition:
Cardiotonic are drugs used to increase the efficiency and improve the contraction of the heart muscle.
Examples:
Digitalis
Arjuna
Synopsis
Drug name
Synonyms
Biological Source
Family
Chemical Constituents
Uses
Crude drugs are derived from a variety of natural sources like plants, animals, minerals, and microorganisms. Because of their wide distribution, the arrangement or classification of drugs in a particular sequence is necessary for their easy understanding.
For pharmacognostic study crude drugs are classified as follows:
Alphabetical classification
Chemical classification
Pharmacological classification
Morphological classification
Taxonomical classification
Chemo taxonomical classification
Each of these systems of classification has its merits and demerits.
Pharmacognosy is "the study of the physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties of drugs, drug substances or potential drugs or drug substances of natural origin as well as the search for new drugs from natural sources".
CARDIOTONIC
Definition:
Cardiotonic are drugs used to increase the efficiency and improve the contraction of the heart muscle.
Examples:
Digitalis
Arjuna
Synopsis
Drug name
Synonyms
Biological Source
Family
Chemical Constituents
Uses
Crude drugs are derived from a variety of natural sources like plants, animals, minerals, and microorganisms. Because of their wide distribution, the arrangement or classification of drugs in a particular sequence is necessary for their easy understanding.
For pharmacognostic study crude drugs are classified as follows:
Alphabetical classification
Chemical classification
Pharmacological classification
Morphological classification
Taxonomical classification
Chemo taxonomical classification
Each of these systems of classification has its merits and demerits.
Crude drugs and their classification. Crude drugs, organized and unorganized. Introduction to crude drugs and their classification. Classification of crude drugs. JNTUA, Crude drugs and their classification as per PCI syllabus. For B Pharmacy and Pharm D II year Students.
Crude drugs: A general view of their origin, distributions, cultivation, collection, drying and
storage, commerce and quality control.
a) Classification of drugs.
b) Preparation of drugs for commercial market
c) Evaluation of crude drugs.
d) Drug adulteration.
Medicinal plants have been identified and used throughout human history. Plants make many chemical compounds that are for biological functions, including defence against insects, fungi and herbivorous mammals. At least 12,000 such compounds have been isolated so far; a number estimated to be less than 10% of the total.Chemical compounds in plants mediate their effect on the human body through processes identical to those already well understood for the chemical compounds in conventional drugs; thus herbal medicines do not differ greatly from conventional drugs in terms of how they work. it is important to know various factors that affects medicinal plant cultivation.
Crude drugs are plant, animal or their parts which after collection are subjected only to drying or making them into transverse/ longitudinal slices pieces or peeling them in some cases. They exist in natural form.
Crude drugs may be derived from various natural sources like Plants, Animals, Minerals, Marine and Micro-organisms etc
9c. carminatives and gastro intestinal regulatorsMaharudra Rakh
Carminatives (Latin: carminare- to cleanse) are the soothing medicaments that act by relieving pain in the stomach and intestine and expel flatulence and gas from the GIT by increasing peristalsis.
Examples- Fennel, Coriander, Cardamom, Clove, Cinnamon, Caraway.
May useful in indigestion, gastric discomfort and loss of appetite,
Gastro-intestinal regulators agents -regulate GIT activity, as bitter stomachic, alteratives, stimulants, aromatics, slalagogues, cholagogues, anti-emetics and appetizers
Role of Pharmacognosy in various systems of medicineRamaiah Maddi
Role of Pharmacognosy in Allopathy (Modern medicine)
Role of Pharmacognosy in Ayurveda
Role of Pharmacognosy in Unani System of Medicine
Role of Pharmacognosy in Siddha System of Medicine
Role of Pharmacognosy in Homeopathy
Role of Pharmacognosy in Chinese Medicine System
Classification Of Crude Drugs
Alphabetical classification
Taxonomical Classification
Morphological classification
Chemical classification
Pharmacological classification of Crude Drugs
Share tio Friends
Crude drugs and their classification. Crude drugs, organized and unorganized. Introduction to crude drugs and their classification. Classification of crude drugs. JNTUA, Crude drugs and their classification as per PCI syllabus. For B Pharmacy and Pharm D II year Students.
Crude drugs: A general view of their origin, distributions, cultivation, collection, drying and
storage, commerce and quality control.
a) Classification of drugs.
b) Preparation of drugs for commercial market
c) Evaluation of crude drugs.
d) Drug adulteration.
Medicinal plants have been identified and used throughout human history. Plants make many chemical compounds that are for biological functions, including defence against insects, fungi and herbivorous mammals. At least 12,000 such compounds have been isolated so far; a number estimated to be less than 10% of the total.Chemical compounds in plants mediate their effect on the human body through processes identical to those already well understood for the chemical compounds in conventional drugs; thus herbal medicines do not differ greatly from conventional drugs in terms of how they work. it is important to know various factors that affects medicinal plant cultivation.
Crude drugs are plant, animal or their parts which after collection are subjected only to drying or making them into transverse/ longitudinal slices pieces or peeling them in some cases. They exist in natural form.
Crude drugs may be derived from various natural sources like Plants, Animals, Minerals, Marine and Micro-organisms etc
9c. carminatives and gastro intestinal regulatorsMaharudra Rakh
Carminatives (Latin: carminare- to cleanse) are the soothing medicaments that act by relieving pain in the stomach and intestine and expel flatulence and gas from the GIT by increasing peristalsis.
Examples- Fennel, Coriander, Cardamom, Clove, Cinnamon, Caraway.
May useful in indigestion, gastric discomfort and loss of appetite,
Gastro-intestinal regulators agents -regulate GIT activity, as bitter stomachic, alteratives, stimulants, aromatics, slalagogues, cholagogues, anti-emetics and appetizers
Role of Pharmacognosy in various systems of medicineRamaiah Maddi
Role of Pharmacognosy in Allopathy (Modern medicine)
Role of Pharmacognosy in Ayurveda
Role of Pharmacognosy in Unani System of Medicine
Role of Pharmacognosy in Siddha System of Medicine
Role of Pharmacognosy in Homeopathy
Role of Pharmacognosy in Chinese Medicine System
Classification Of Crude Drugs
Alphabetical classification
Taxonomical Classification
Morphological classification
Chemical classification
Pharmacological classification of Crude Drugs
Share tio Friends
In order to pursue (or to follow) the study of the individual drugs, one must adopt some particular sequence of arrangement, and this is referred to as a system of classification of drugs.
classification of drugs from natural origin
alphabetical, morphological, pharmacological, chemical, taxonomical, chemotaxonomical, serotaxonomical classifications are included in the presentation
Classification of Crude Drugs by Mr. Qureshi Alfaiz shaikh iqbal.pptxShaikhAlfaiz
Classification of Crude Drugs in which variuos types of classification like morphological, Taxonomical, Serotaxonomical etc by Mr. Qureshi Alfaiz shaikh iqbal Assit. Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy at SMT. Sharadchandrika Suresh Patil College of Pharmacy Chopda-425107
The all the content in this profile is completed by the teachers, students as well as other health care peoples.
thank you, all the respected peoples, for giving the information to complete this presentation.
this information is free to use by anyone.
The most important natural sources of drugs are (higher plants, microbes & animals
and marine organisms. Some useful products are obtained from minerals that are both
organic and inorganic in nature.
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2. Objectives
On completion of this period, you would be able to
know:
• Alphabetical classification
• Taxonomical Classification
• Morphological classification
• Chemical classification
• Pharmacological classification of Crude Drugs
3. Crude Drugs
As per D &C Act, 1940 a drug may be defined as
All medicines for internal or external use of and all
substances intended to be used for or in diagnosis,
mitigation, treatment or prevention of diseases in human
beings or animals
OR
Such substances other than food intended to affect the
structure or any function of human body or intended to
be used for the destruction of vermin or insects, which
cause disease in human beings or animals as may be
specified from time to time by the Central Government
by notification in Official Gazette
4. Crude Drugs
• They are available in their original form of
occurance
Organised drugs are the organs of plants, solid, cellular
in nature and identified by their microscopical characters.
Ex. Cinnamon, Senna
Unorganised drugs are the products of plants or animals,
solid, semisolid or liquid in nature and are identified by
chemical tests basing on the type of chemical
constituents present in them
Ex. Acacia, Honey, Castor oil
5. Pharmaceutical Aids
• The substances which are of little or no therapeutic
value, but are essentially used in the manufacture or
compounding of various pharmaceuticals are known as
Pharmaceutical aids or Pharmaceutic necessities
They may be obtained from
Plants Pectin, Starch
Animals Honey, Gelatin, Wool fat
Minerals Kaolin, Talc
9. Classification Of Natural Drugs
Alphabetical Classification:
In this system the crude drugs are arranged in alphabetical
order
• This system is adopted by B.P., B.P.C., U.S.P. and I.P.
• Whereas in International Pharmacopoeia drugs are
arranged according to Latin names.
10. Disadvantages
Classification system does not help in
• Differentiating drugs of
Plant, animal or mineral sources.
• Organized and unorganized drugs cannot be
differentiated.
11. Taxonomical Classification
• Purely Botanical classification
• Crude drugs from plants are classified into Phylum,
Order, Family, Genus and Species.
• Animal drugs classified as fishes, arthropods, mammals
etc.,
12. Disadvantages
• It cannot differentiate organized and unorganized drugs.
• In most of the cases only plant part or product is used so
it is of no significance from the point of view of
identification.
13. Illustration of Taxonomical Classification
Phylum Order Family________
Gymnosperms Gnetales Ephedraceae
Angiosperms Canaveral's Papaveraceae
Dicotyledons Rhamnales Rhamnaceae
Angiosperms Lilifore Liliaceae
14. Chemotaxonomical Classification
• The chemical examination of several plants Phytochemical
evaluation have established that there is
• Close link between their Chemical constituents and
taxonomical status.
Ex. Solanaceae family contains Tropane alkaloids
Umbelliferae family contains Volatile oil
Pinaceae family contains Oleo-resin
15. Morphological Classification
In this system the crude drugs are classified according to their
morphological characters like leaves, barks, seeds, fruits,
roots, flowers etc.,
Advantages:
• Most convenient for practical purpose.
• Useful in identification of adulterants.
16. Morphological Classification
Disadvantages:
• It is difficult to classify unorganized drugs.
• Chemical composition and pharmacological behaviour of
drugs cannot be characterized by this system.
• Processing of drugs like collection, drying and preparation
for market may change their original characters making
recognition quite difficult.
24. Chemical Classification
• All plants and animals biosynthesize various chemical
compounds like carbohydrates, proteins, fats etc.,
• In addition to these essential chemicals living organisms
produce several other chemicals and these chemical
constituents possess pharmacological activity.
37. Pharmacological Classification
• In this system drugs are grouped together
according to the therapeutic activity of their main
chemical constituents.
38. Advantages
• Even if chemical constituents are not known
Drugs can be grouped according to therapeutic utility.
42. Summary
In this class we learnt about
• Alphabetical classification
• Taxonomical Classification
• Morphological classification
• Chemical classification
• Pharmacological classification of crude drugs
43. Quiz
• The classification method useful for practical purpose in
Pharmacognosy
a) Taxonomical
b) Pharmacological
c) Morphological
d) Chemical
44. Questions
1. Describe various systems of classification of crude drugs.
Give the merits and demerits. (April 2006)
2. Give an account of the different methods of classification
of drugs giving their merits and demerits. (April 2005)
3. How the crude drugs are evaluated by organoleptic
characters physical methods and biological methods.
(April 2004)
4. Define the term crude drug. Mention the various drugs
obtained from animals. (September 2002)