The document discusses government adoptions from several countries including the United Kingdom, USA, Ireland, Australia, France, Canada, Soviet Union, Weimar Republic, South Africa, and Japan. Key concepts adopted from these governments include parliamentary systems, bills of rights, federalism, separation of powers, judicial review, presidential powers, equal protection under law, directive principles of state policy, freedom of interstate trade, national treaty powers, preamble terminology, notions of liberty and equality, quasi-federal systems, distribution of central and state powers, economic planning commissions, constitutional amendment processes, and due process.

4. Government Adoptions
United Kingdom • Parliamentary government
• Concept of single citizenship
• Rule of law
• The legislative speaker and their role
• Legislative procedure
USA • Bill of Rights
• Federal structure of government
• Electoral College
• Independent judiciary and separation
of powers
• Judicial review
• President as commander-in-chief of
the armed forces
• Equal protection under law
Ireland • Directive principles of state policy

5. Government Adoptions
Australia • Freedom of trade between states
• National legislative power to
implement treaties, even on matters
outside normal federal jurisdiction
• Concurrent List
• Preamble terminology
France • Notions of liberté, égalité, fraternité
Canada • Quasi-federal government—a federal
system with a strong central
government
• Distribution of powers between the
central and state governments
• Residual powers, retained by the
central government

6. Government Adoptions
Soviet Union • Fundamental Duties under article 51-
A
• Mandated planning commission to
oversee economic development
Weimar Republic • The emergency provision under
article 356
South Africa • Amending the constitution
Japan • Due process