The document discusses the constitution and the process of constitutional amendment, known as "Cha-cha" in the Philippines. It defines a constitution as the fundamental law of the land and explains that constitutions can be written, unwritten, rigid or flexible. It then provides examples of different types of constitutions from countries around the world. The document outlines the key differences between constitutions and statutes. It also summarizes the history of constitution-making and different processes by which constitutions can be amended.

1. Group 2
Alice Maninang
Janel Roxas
Mary Ann Santiago
Antonio Delgado

2. What is Cha-cha?

3. A constitution is the fundamental law of the
land.
It may be a written instrument or a precise
text or series of texts enacted at a given
time by a sovereign power; or it may be the
result of a series of legislative acts,
ordinances, judicial decisions, precedents,
and customs.

4. Constitution Statute
• Deals with fundamental • Pertains to specific subjects
principles of a general nature
regarding the government
• Made by an extraordinary • Made by ordinary legislature
body of men chosen especially
for the very purpose of drafting
a constitution
• Promulgated to meet not only • Passed to cope only with
present but also future present conditions
conditions

5. Rigid constitution – one that is difficult to
amend, because the process is a formal one
Ex: US and Phl constitutions
Flexible constitution – relatively easy to
amend
Ex: British constitution

6. Written constitution – one that is formally
enacted in one/several written instrument/s
Ex: Constitution of the Third French Republic
Unwritten constitution – one that has not
been reduced into a single written document
Ex: British Constitution

7. 1. Customs and traditions
2. Parliamentary statutes
3. Treaties
4. Royal grants
5. Judicial decisions and commentaries

9. Greek city-states – put their basic government
document into written form
Athens – made eleven constitutions between
624 – 404 BC
US constitution – the first modern written
charter, ratified on May 29, 1790

12. FRANCE, 1791
SPAIN, 1812
NORWAY, 1814
DENMARK, 1815
NETHERLANDS, 1815
PORTUGAL, 1822
BELGIUM, 1831

13. ITALY, 1848
SWITZERLAND, 1848
AUSTRIA, 1861
SWEDEN, 1866
GERMAN EMPIRE, 1871
1ST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC, 1899
CHINESE REPUBLIC, 1911

18. Constitutions Enforced in the
Philippines prior to the Malolos
Constitution:
 1812 Cadiz Constitution
 1869 Spanish Constitution
 Biak-na-bato constitution, 1897

19. 1. Broad in its scope
2. Brief in its content
3. Definite in its principles

20. CONSTITUTIONALISM
 It is a doctrine or principle which describes
and supports a constitution as the supreme
law of the land.
 It upholds the constitution as an instrument
that provides a system of effective restraints
upon political power

21.  Ratifiedby viva voce
 Some provisions were never implemented
 Most amended written constitution in the
world (38 amendments)
 Most controversial constitution in Philippine
history

22. 1. Preamble
2. Definition of national territory
3. Definition of citizenship
4. Bill of Rights
5. Method of suffrage and elections for
government officials
6. Structure and functions of the government
7. Method of amending the constitution
8. Date of effectivity

23. Processes by which a written constitution
grows with time:
1. Statutory legislations
2. Usage
3. Judicial interpretation
4. Formal amendment

24. Con-Con vs. Con-Ass

25. 1. By a constitutional convention
2. By legislative action
3. By legislative action and submission to the
electorate
4. By legislative action and submission to local
governments for approval
5. By initiative

26. ADVANTAGES:
1. Definiteness
2. Stability
DISADVANTAGES:
1. Rigidity
2. May not adapt itself to existing conditions

27. Prepared by:
“Live to express, not to impress.”