civil foundation.pdf
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Nikhil Mehrawat presented on foundations for structures. Foundations can be either shallow or deep, with shallow foundations including isolated footings for columns and combined footings for multiple columns. Deep foundations include pile foundations, where piles transfer structural loads deep into the soil, and pier foundations, which are large masonry cylinders supported by soil or rock. Factors that affect foundation design include soil type, structural requirements, site conditions, and cost. Common materials used for foundations include concrete, metal, aggregate, waterproofing materials, and wood.
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The document discusses different types of foundations for structures. It describes shallow foundations, which are less than the width of the structure, including isolated footings for columns and combined footings for structures with small spaces between columns. Deep foundations include pile foundations, which transfer structural loads deeper into the soil using piles, and pier foundations, which use large masonry cylinders supported by soil or bedrock. Piles can be friction piles that use friction along their sides to support loads or load bearing piles that rest on a hard soil stratum. Common materials used for foundations include concrete, metal, aggregate, waterproofing materials, and wood.
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The document discusses foundations for structures. Foundations distribute the load from a structure across a larger area of soil, support the structure, and provide stability against forces like wind and rain. Foundation design depends on soil type, groundwater, structural requirements, site conditions, and cost. Shallow foundations have a depth less than the width and include isolated and combined footings. Deep foundations like piles and piers extend below the shallow depth and transfer load directly to a hard soil layer or bedrock. Piles support load through friction against the soil or by bearing directly on a firm layer, and can be made of materials like concrete, steel, or timber.
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The document provides information on foundations for civil engineering structures. It discusses the objectives of foundations, the main types (shallow vs. deep), and examples of each. Shallow foundations include isolated and combined footings. Deep foundations consist of pile foundations, which can be friction piles or load-bearing piles installed using methods like dropping hammers or jacking. Pile caps are used to connect groups of piles to distribute loads to the piles from columns.
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This document provides an overview of foundations for civil engineering structures. It defines foundations as the substructure located below the plinth level that forms the base for any structure. The main objectives of a foundation are to distribute structural loads over a large area, support the structure, and provide stability. The two main types of foundations are shallow foundations, which are less than or equal to their width in depth, and deep foundations like pile foundations that extend deeper into the ground. Shallow foundations include isolated footings for columns and combined footings, while deep foundations commonly use piles that are inserted into the ground through methods such as jacking or using drop hammers.
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This document provides an overview of foundations for civil engineering structures. It defines foundations as the substructure located below the plinth level that forms the base for any structure. The main objectives of a foundation are to distribute structural loads over a large area, support the structure, and provide stability. The two main types of foundations are shallow foundations, which are less than or equal to their width in depth, and deep foundations like pile foundations that extend deeper into the ground. Shallow foundations include isolated footings for columns and combined footings, while deep foundations commonly use piles that are inserted into the ground through methods such as jacking or using drop hammers.
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This document provides an overview of foundations and their design considerations. It discusses the key functions of foundations as transmitting loads to the soil below a structure. Foundations can be either shallow, such as isolated or combined footings, or deep such as pile or well foundations. Design is influenced by soil type, groundwater, and structural requirements. Pile foundations transmit loads through end bearing and friction, and can be made of materials like concrete, timber, steel, or composites.
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This document provides an overview of building substructures and foundations. It discusses the main types of shallow foundations, which are suitable for smaller buildings, including pad footings, strip footings, and raft foundations. It also discusses deep foundations, which are required for larger buildings or where soil conditions require foundations to be placed deeper, such as pile foundations. The key functions of foundations are to distribute structural loads over a large soil area, transmit loads uniformly, and provide a stable base for the building. Foundation type selection depends on factors like building loads, soil type, and cost.
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The document discusses different types of foundations for structures. It describes shallow foundations, which are less than the width of the structure, including isolated footings for columns and combined footings for structures with small spaces between columns. Deep foundations include pile foundations, which transfer structural loads deeper into the soil using piles, and pier foundations, which use large masonry cylinders supported by soil or bedrock. Piles can be friction piles that use friction along their sides to support loads or load bearing piles that rest on a hard soil stratum. Common materials used for foundations include concrete, metal, aggregate, waterproofing materials, and wood.
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The document discusses foundations for structures. Foundations distribute the load from a structure across a larger area of soil, support the structure, and provide stability against forces like wind and rain. Foundation design depends on soil type, groundwater, structural requirements, site conditions, and cost. Shallow foundations have a depth less than the width and include isolated and combined footings. Deep foundations like piles and piers extend below the shallow depth and transfer load directly to a hard soil layer or bedrock. Piles support load through friction against the soil or by bearing directly on a firm layer, and can be made of materials like concrete, steel, or timber.
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The document provides information on foundations for civil engineering structures. It discusses the objectives of foundations, the main types (shallow vs. deep), and examples of each. Shallow foundations include isolated and combined footings. Deep foundations consist of pile foundations, which can be friction piles or load-bearing piles installed using methods like dropping hammers or jacking. Pile caps are used to connect groups of piles to distribute loads to the piles from columns.
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This document provides an overview of foundations for civil engineering structures. It defines foundations as the substructure located below the plinth level that forms the base for any structure. The main objectives of a foundation are to distribute structural loads over a large area, support the structure, and provide stability. The two main types of foundations are shallow foundations, which are less than or equal to their width in depth, and deep foundations like pile foundations that extend deeper into the ground. Shallow foundations include isolated footings for columns and combined footings, while deep foundations commonly use piles that are inserted into the ground through methods such as jacking or using drop hammers.
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This document provides an overview of foundations and their design considerations. It discusses the key functions of foundations as transmitting loads to the soil below a structure. Foundations can be either shallow, such as isolated or combined footings, or deep such as pile or well foundations. Design is influenced by soil type, groundwater, and structural requirements. Pile foundations transmit loads through end bearing and friction, and can be made of materials like concrete, timber, steel, or composites.
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This document provides an overview of building substructures and foundations. It discusses the main types of shallow foundations, which are suitable for smaller buildings, including pad footings, strip footings, and raft foundations. It also discusses deep foundations, which are required for larger buildings or where soil conditions require foundations to be placed deeper, such as pile foundations. The key functions of foundations are to distribute structural loads over a large soil area, transmit loads uniformly, and provide a stable base for the building. Foundation type selection depends on factors like building loads, soil type, and cost.
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The document discusses foundations for buildings. It begins by defining what a foundation is and its purposes, which include distributing the load of the structure, preventing differential settlement, and providing stability. It then covers factors that affect foundation design like soil conditions, structural requirements, and cost. The main types of foundations discussed are shallow foundations, which transfer load directly to the soil, and deep foundations, which transfer load deeper using techniques like piles. Construction of foundations involves site preparation, excavation, forming and pouring footings and walls. The document also discusses underpinning existing foundations and protecting foundations from moisture using waterproofing and drainage.
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Foundations are an essential part of building construction that distribute the weight of the structure to the ground. There are two main types of foundations - shallow foundations, which transfer loads directly to soil near the surface, and deep foundations, which transfer loads to deeper, stronger soil layers. Shallow foundations include spread footings, mat slabs, raft slabs, and grillages. Deep foundations include driven piles, drilled shafts, and caissons. The type of foundation used depends on factors like the building design, soil conditions, and cost. Foundation construction involves site preparation, layout, excavation, forming, reinforcement, and concrete placement.
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The document provides information on different types of foundations used in construction. It discusses shallow foundations such as spread footings, combined footings, strap or cantilever footings, mat or raft foundations, and grillage foundations. It also covers deep foundations including pile foundations, caisson foundations, and well foundations. Pile foundations are described in more detail, outlining different types of piles based on their function and how they are constructed and used with pile caps to distribute loads to the soil.
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This document provides an overview of foundations for building construction. It discusses the importance of foundations in distributing building loads to the ground. There are two main types of foundations - shallow foundations and deep foundations. Shallow foundations include spread footings, grillage foundations, raft foundations, stepped foundations, and mat/slab foundations. Deep foundations transfer loads deep into the earth and include drilled caissons, driven piles, and precast concrete piles. Foundation design considers factors like soil type, structural requirements, construction requirements, site conditions, and cost. The document also discusses waterproofing, drainage, and underpinning foundations.
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Foundations transmit loads from structures to the ground. Shallow foundations have depths less than their widths and include footings and rafts. Deep foundations have greater depths and include piles and caissons/wells. Footing types include isolated, wall, combined, cantilever, inverted arch, and raft. Piles can be end-bearing, friction, or composite. Requirements for good foundations include distributing loads over large soil areas without exceeding bearing capacity and minimizing settlement. Methods to improve soil bearing capacity include increasing depth, draining water, compacting, grouting, and chemical treatment.
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1) The document discusses types of foundations including shallow foundations like spread footings, combined footings, strap footings, mat foundations, and grillage foundations. It also discusses deep foundations like pile foundations, pier foundations, and caisson or well foundations.
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Foundations transmit loads from buildings to the ground below. There are different types including shallow foundations like spread footings and deep foundations like piles. Spread footings support individual columns on isolated slabs while combined footings link two columns. Strap footings connect isolated footings with a beam. Mat foundations are large slabs supporting many columns. Pile foundations transfer loads to deeper soils through friction or bearing. Foundations can fail due to unequal settlement, subsoil moisture movement, lateral pressures, or weathering effects. Proper design and construction seeks to prevent these failures.
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Shallow foundations are foundations that are less than 3 meters below ground level. They include pad, strip, or raft foundations. Shallow foundations transfer structural loads from the building to the soil without overstressing the soil, which could cause excessive settlement or shear failure and damage the structure. Common types of shallow foundations are pad/square spread footings, circular spread footings, continuous spread/strip footings, combined footings, and raft foundations. Shallow foundations are generally used to support structures on soil with adequate bearing capacity and have advantages of lower cost, simpler construction, and use of common materials like concrete. However, they are more susceptible to settlement issues.
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Building Foundation
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1. Foundation, Part of a structural system that supports and anchors the superstructure of a building and transmits its loads directly to the earth.
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3. The foundations of low-rise residential buildings are nearly all supported on spread footings, wide bases (usually of concrete) that support walls or piers and distribute the load over a greater area.
4. A concrete grade beam supported by isolated footings, piers, or piles may be placed at ground level, especially in a building without a basement, to support the exterior wall.
Eric Nizeyimana's document 2006 from gicumbi to ttc nyamata handball play
this notes have been created
by Eric36 at nyamata ttc
after readings
pe book for y2sme .
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This document discusses foundations for structures. It defines a foundation as the low artificially built part of a structure that transmits loads to the ground. Foundations come in two main types: shallow foundations, which are used when soil can support loads within 1.5m of the surface, and deep foundations, which are required when soil cannot support loads near the surface. Shallow foundations include isolated footings, combined footings, raft foundations, and strip footings. Deep foundations include pile foundations, which use long structural members driven or bored into the ground to transfer loads to stronger deeper soils. The document discusses classifications and functions of different foundation types.
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1) The document discusses types of foundations including shallow foundations like spread footings, combined footings, strap footings, mat foundations, and grillage foundations. It also discusses deep foundations like pile foundations, pier foundations, and caisson or well foundations.
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substructure - footings, different types of footings, different types of foundations, isolated footing, spread footing, continuous footings, combined footing, mat footing, pile footing, pier footing, friction footing etc
settlement- differential settlement, uniform settlement, different types of settlements
safe bearing capacity,
superstructure- wall. masonary. masonry, beams, columns, slabs,
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foundation types for building
raised foundation types
small building foundation types
types of building foundations pdf
commercial building foundation types
home building foundation types
how to build a house foundation
types of foundations in construction
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how to build a foundation
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This document discusses different types of foundations for structures. It describes shallow foundations like spread footings, combined footings, cantilever footings, continuous footings, and raft foundations. It also describes deep foundations like piles, piers, and caissons. The key factors in selecting a foundation type are the structure's loads, subsurface soil conditions, and cost. Foundation design considers load distribution, settlement, and preventing differential movement.
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The document discusses foundations and roof structures. It describes foundations as having substructures below ground level that transmit loads to the soil, and superstructures above ground. It outlines different types of shallow foundations like isolated footings, strip footings, combined footings, and raft foundations. Deep foundations include pile foundations. The document also defines key terms for roofs like pitch, eaves, ridges, and discusses roof structural elements like purlins, battens, and trusses. Roof design considerations include strength, weather resistance, insulation, and drainage.
Building Foundation
About foundation and its Types
1. Foundation, Part of a structural system that supports and anchors the superstructure of a building and transmits its loads directly to the earth.
2. To prevent damage from repeated freeze-thaw cycles, the bottom of the foundation must be below the frost line.
3. The foundations of low-rise residential buildings are nearly all supported on spread footings, wide bases (usually of concrete) that support walls or piers and distribute the load over a greater area.
4. A concrete grade beam supported by isolated footings, piers, or piles may be placed at ground level, especially in a building without a basement, to support the exterior wall.
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Eric Nizeyimana's document 2006 from gicumbi to ttc nyamata handball play
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- 1. • PRESENTED BY- NIKHIL MEHRAWAT PRESENTED BY- NIKHIL MEHRAWAT • CIVIL 4 CIVIL 4th th YEAR YEAR • ROLL. NO. -1215300117 ROLL. NO. -1215300117
- 3. • Introduction : Introduction : • A structure essentially consists of two parts, namely the super structure which is above the plinth level and the substructure which is below the plinth level. • Substructure is otherwise known as the foundation and this forms the base for any structure. Generally about 30% of the total construction cost is spent on the foundation. • The soil on which the foundation rests is called the “foundation soil”.
- 4. Objectives of a foundation : Objectives of a foundation : A foundation is provided for the following purposes: •To distribute the total load coming on the structure on a larger area. •To support the structures. •To give enough stability to the structures against various disturbing forces, such as wind and rain. •To prepare a level surface for concreting and masonry work.
- 5. Factors affecting design of foundation Factors affecting design of foundation • Soil types and ground water table conditions. • Structural requirements and foundations. • Site condition and environmental factor. • Economy etc.
- 6. • Types of foundation : The two main types of foundation: • Shallow foundation • Deep foundation Types of Shallow foundation : • Isolated footing (single footing, Column footing) • Combined footing Types of Deep foundation : • Pile foundation • Pier foundation
- 8. • Shallow foundation (spread foundation): • Depth of foundation is less than or equal to its width. • Isolated footing (single footing, column footing): • In framed structures where several columns are to be constructed, isolated footings can be adopted. • The columns involved can be provided with masonry or concrete footing. • If masonry footing is provided, steps are given and the foundation area is thus increased so that the stresses developed at the base is within the limit.
- 9. • Isolated footing (single footing, column footing)…
- 10. • Isolated footing (single footing, column footing)…
- 11. • Combined footing: • This type of footing is adopted when the space between two columns is so small that the foundation for individual columns will overlap. • Combined footings are proportioned in such a way that the center of gravity of the loads coincides with the centre of gravity of the foundation. Hence these footings have either a trapezoidal or a rectangular shape.
- 12. • Pile : • A slender, structural member consisting steel or concrete or timber. • It is installed in the ground to transfer the structural loads to soils at some significant depth below the base of the structure.
- 13. • Deep foundation : • Deep foundation consists of pile and pier foundations. • This consists in carrying down through the soil a huge masonry cylinder which may be supported by the sides of soil or may be supported on solid rock (hard stratum). • Pile foundation : • Pile is an element of construction used as foundation. It may be driven in the ground vertically or with some inclination to transfer the load safely.
- 14. • Pile foundation… Pile foundation… • Loads are supported in two ways. • If the load is supported by the effect of friction between the soil and the pile skin, it is called friction pile. • Friction piles may be made of cast iron, cement concrete, timber, steel, wrought iron and composite materials. • If the load is supported by resting the pile on a very hard stratum, it is called load bearing pile. • Load bearing piles are steel sheet piles, concrete piles and timber piles. • Piles may be cast-in-situ or precast. • They may be cased or uncased.
- 16. Load Bearing Pile Friction Pile
- 17. MATERIAL USED FOR FOUNDATION… • Foundation must be constructed of a durable material of an adequate strength. • Concrete • Metal • Aggregate • Waterproofing Materials • Wood