Citing Textual Evidence Vocabulary
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This document defines and provides examples of key vocabulary terms used when citing textual evidence: explicit, evidence, inference, cite, conclusion, analyze, and argument. Explicit means directly stated information, evidence means proof, and inference means a conclusion drawn from circumstances. Cite means to reference, conclusion means an opinion formed after consideration, analyze means to break down into parts, and argument means a dispute with strong disagreement.
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Common Core State Standards:
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.3.1: Ask and answer questions to demonstrate understanding of a text, referring explicitly to the text as the basis for the answers.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.3.5: Refer to parts of stories, dramas, and poems when writing or speaking about a text, using terms such as chapter, scene, and stanza; describe how each successive part builds on earlier sections.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.3.10: By the end of the year, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poetry, at the high end of the grades 2-3 text complexity band independently and proficiently.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RF.3.4a: Read with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension.. Read on-level text with purpose and understanding.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RF.3.4c: Read with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension. Use context to confirm or self-correct word recognition and understanding, rereading as necessary.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.3.2:Determine the main ideas and supporting details of a text read aloud or information presented in diverse media and formats, including visually, quantitatively, and orally.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.3.4a: Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning word and phrases based on grade 3 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies. Use sentence-level context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.3.5b: Demonstrate understanding of word relationships and nuances in word meanings. Identify real-life connections between words and their use.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.3.6: Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate conversational, general academic, and domain-specific words and phrases, including those that signal spatial and temporal relationships.
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The document discusses inferring, which is drawing conclusions or interpretations from clues in a text rather than from explicit statements. It involves using one's background knowledge along with evidence in the text. Inferring, questioning, and predicting work together to build understanding. The document provides examples of how to teach students to infer and gives suggestions for starting inferring practice using comics, riddles, poetry and other media. It also discusses the role of inference in interpreting different text types like fiction, nonfiction, and cartoons.
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Citing Textual Evidence Vocabulary
- 2. EXPLICIT • Definition: information that is directly stated in the text • Example: being straight forward, getting straight to the point • “The teacher gave explicit directions on how to enter the classroom.
- 3. EVIDENCE • Definition: knowledge on which to base belief • Example: something that gives proof; proving that you are telling the truth • “I will need to see some evidence before I believe what you are saying.”
- 4. INFERENCE • Definition: drawing a conclusion on the basis of circumstantial evidence • A conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or evidence • An educated guess • The football player did not appreciate the media’s inference that he should retire because of his old age.
- 5. CITE • Definition: to make reference to • To quote • To refer to or mention as by way of example or proof • “His checking account was cited as further evidence of self employment.”
- 6. CONCLUSION • Definition: a position or opinion reached after consideration • “I'm going to jump to the conclusion that this is your first time playing Call of Duty.” • Example: you have made a decision about something
- 7. ANALYZE • Definition: break down into components or essential features • to separate a thing or idea into its parts in order to figure out all the nature and interrelationship of all the parts or to consider and evaluate a situation carefully. • “We put the numbers in a certain format that makes it easier for them to analyze,” I said, trying to sound like I knew what I was talking about.”
- 8. ARGUMENT • Definition: a dispute where there is strong disagreement • A reason or reasons why you are for or against something • “My argument makes sense because I provided evidence.”