Within cinematography there are 4 key elements - shots, angles, movement, and focus. Shots include close-ups, long shots, and point-of-view shots. Angles such as high angles and low angles can make a subject appear more powerful or submissive. Movement includes panning, tilting, and arcing the camera. Focus techniques like shallow focus, deep focus, and focus pulls direct audience attention. The director oversees cinematography with input from others to effectively film scenes.

1. CINEMATOGRAPHY
Alice Smith

2. Cinematography.
Within cinematography there are 4 different sections;
■ Shots
■ Angles
■ Movement
■ Focus
Each of these things form to make a scene from a film.The director is normally in charge
of it, however he has input from others.

3. Shots.
Aerial shot- this shot is taken
from above, like in a helicopter.
Long shot- shows the character
from head to toe.
Close up shot- this shot is taken
very close to an object. It focuses
your attention on the object.
POV- From the person’s point of
view, helps the viewer to align/
identify with the character
Extreme close up- this is similar to
a close up shot however it is shot
closer to the object to shot detail.
High level shot-Taken from high up-
possibly to show action or connote
someone is being watched, or to
simply show an area.
Low level shot- it is the
same concept as high
level but is taken as if
you are looking up.
Medium shot- this shows a
characters torso upwards.
A two shot is simply a shot of two of the
characters and shows them in relation to
each other.

4. Angles.
■ Bird’s eye view shot/ extreme high angle, this is where the camera looks directly down
on something (if you stand up and look down at your feet this is an extreme high angle
shot) think of a bird looking down when it is flying- this is a bird’s eye view shot
■ High angle, the camera is high up and looks down on the subject.This makes the
subject looks submissive and inferior.
■ Low angle, the camera is low down and looks up at the subject.This makes the subject
looks intimidating and powerful. (This shot is used to look up at buildings
too)
■ Canted angle, a canted angle is when the camera is on a slant to create a confusing
and disorientating feel, that something isn’t quite right.

5. Movement.
■ Panning, a pan moves from left to right, or right to left.The camera is situated on a
tripod, yet it turns horizontally to capture the image.
■ Tilt, a tilt moves up and down, sometimes done to follow action, sometimes to show
how intimidating something is (tilt up)
■ Arc, an arc moves round something in a circular motion.

6. Focus.
Depth of fields;
Shallow focus- the object in the front is clear, everything is blurred.
Deep focus- the object at the back is clear, everything is blurred.
The gnome is shot in a deep focus as the one at the back is clearest- attention is drawn to this one.
Wide depth of field;
Where everything is in focus- often used in films.
Focus pull;
A focus pull is when the depth of field changes
and one object becomes clear and the audience’s focus is pulled to that object, then the focus
shifts and another object becomes clear again pulling the focus of the audience