Chromosomes are defined as the physical basis of inheritance presents in the nucleus which carry all the genetic information by DNA and RNA. In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structure called chromosomes. Each chromosome is made-up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure. Structurally chromosomes are consists of – Centromere Chromatid Telomere Matrix Secondary constriction and Satellite. Chromonemata.

1. CHROMOSOME
Represented by WASIM AKRAM

2. DEFINITION OF CHROMOSOME
Chromosomes are defined as the physical
basis of inheritance presents in the
nucleus which carry all the genetic
information by DNA and RNA.

3. STRUCTURE OF CHROMOSOME
 In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA
molecule is packaged into thread-like
structure called chromosomes.
 Each chromosome is made-up of DNA
tightly coiled many times around proteins
called histones that support its structure.

4. STRUCTURE OF CHROMOSOME
 Structurally chromosomes are
consists of –
Centromere
Chromatid
Telomere
Matrix
Secondary constriction and
Satellite.
Chromonemata

5. STRUCTURE OF CHROMOSOME

6. STRUCTURE OF CHROMOSOME
 CENTROMERE:
 It is a localized region of the chromosome
withwhich spindle fibers attached is known as
Centomere or Primary Constriction or
Kinetochore.
 CHROMATID:
 One of the two longitudinal sub-units of a
chromosome is called Chromatid. Chromatids are
two types: Sister Chromatids and Non-sister
Chromatids.

7. STRUCTURE OF CHROMOSOME
 TELOMERE:
 The two ends of chromosome are called as
Telomeres. Telomeres are highly stable and they
do not fuse or unite with telomere of other
chromosome.
 MATRIX:
 It is the fluid parts of chromosome in which
chromonemata are embedded.

8. STRUCTURE OF CHROMOSOME
Secondary constriction and Satellite:
 It is the chromosomal region between telomere
is called Satellite and the chromosome is
known as satellite chromosome.
CHROMONEMATA:
 Thread-like structures found in the
chromosomes and chromatids are known as
Chromonemata.