a short presentation that contains detailed information about chromosomes

1. THE
CHROMOSOMES

2. LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. Understand the basics of chromosome structure and function;
2. Explain the different types of chromosomes in different aspects;

3. Who am I?
Mechanics: Each participant will
guess and write their assumed
answers on the labeled part of the
chart.

4. 5. 7.
6.
8.
10.
9.

5. WHAT IS A
CHROMOSOME?

6. WHAT IS A
CHROMOSOME?
• Chromosome, the microscopic threadlike part of the cell that
carries hereditary information in the form of genes.
• Its genetic material would measure roughly 2 meters (about
6.5 feet) in length.
• Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule
of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

9. STRUCTURE OF
CHROMOSOME

11. • CHROMATID – One of the two identical halves of a
chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell
division.
• TELOMERE – Telomeres are structures made from DNA
sequences and proteins found at the ends of chromosomes.
They cap and protect the end of a chromosome, like the end
of a shoelace.
• SATELLITES – The rounded and elongated bodies at the end
of the chromosomes.
STRUCTURE OF
CHROMOSOME

12. • CENTROMERE - The centromere appears as a constricted
region of a chromosome and plays a key role in helping the
cell divide up its DNA during division (mitosis and meiosis).
• MATRIX – A jelly-like fluid inside the pellicle (outermost
covering)
• CHROMONEMATA – Embedded in the matrix that looks like
the same but is spirally coiled.
• CHROMOMERES – Bead-like bodies in chromosomes.
STRUCTURE OF
CHROMOSOME

16. TYPES OF
CHROMOSOMES

17. AUTOSOMES AND ALLOSOMES
ASPECTS AUTOSOMES ALLOSOMES
Function Determine somatic or physical
characteristics of an organism
Determine the sex and sex-
linked inheritance of an
organism
Inheritance pattern Autosomal disorders follow
Mendelian inheritance patterns
Sex-linked disorders exhibit
non-Mendelian inheritance
associated with sex
chromosomes
Gene quantity Carry a variable number of
genes (200 to 2000)
X chromosome contains more
than 300 genes, while Y
chromosome carries fewer
genes due to its smaller size
Number in the human genome 22 pairs of chromosomes Only has one pair

18. AUTOSOMES AND ALLOSOMES
SIMILARITIES
DNA and proteins.
Located in the human genome inside the nucleus.
Genes are present
Both determine the characteristics of the organism
Exist as pairs
Both segregate during the cell division
Responsible for inheritance

19. Four Types of Chromosomes
Based on the Location of
Centromeres
1. Telocentric – Its centromere occupies the terminal position so
that the chromosome has just one arm.
2. Acrocentric – Its centromere locates closely to one of the ends.
As a result, one arm is very long, and the other is very short
3. Submetacentric – Its centromere locates slightly away from the
mid-point so that the two arms are unequal.
4. Metacentric – Its centromere lies in the middle of chromosome
so that the two arms are almost equal.

21.  A karyotype is an
individual's complete set of
chromosomes.
 This may be used to look
for abnormalities in
chromosome number or
structure.
KARYOTYPE

23. WHAT DO
CHROMOSOMES
DO?

24. WHAT DO
CHROMOSOMES DO?
• Chromosomes are crucial for inheritance and transmission of
traits from one generation to next. It ensure DNA replication
during cell division, maintaining genetic integrity.
• Chromosomes contain genes that code for proteins and regulate
various biological processes, playing a fundamental role in
development, growth, and functioning of organisms.
• Chromosomes are also responsible for gene regulation, protein
synthesis, and cellular replication.

26. CREDITS: This presentation template was
created by Slidesgo, including icons by
Flaticon and infographics & images by
Freepik
THANK YOU!
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by
Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon and infographics &
images by Freepik.