Here I have posted the DISINFECTION and STERILIZATION process and the methods. This is specially for 5 and 10 mark question coming repeatedly.

1. DISINFECTION &
STERILIZATION
Represented by WASIM AKRAM
BSc Nursing
Adwika Institute of Nursing

2. DISINFECTION
• Disinfection is a process whereby pathogenic organisms
(bacteria, viruses, fungi), but not necessarily all
microorganisms or spores, are destroyed.
• Disinfection may be accomplished by physical or chemical
means.

3. Physical Methods of Disinfection
• The three physical methods of disinfection are:
I. Boiling at 100°C for 15 minutes kills vegetative bacteria.
II. Pasteurizing at 63°C for 30 minutes or 72°C for 15 seconds kills food
pathogens.
III. Using non-ionizing radiation such as ultraviolet (UV) light. UV rays
are long wavelength and low energy. They do not penetrate well and
organisms must have direct surface exposure, such as working
surfaces of a biological safety cabinet (BSC), for this form of
disinfection to work.

4. Chemical Methods of Disinfection
• When chemicals are used to destroy all life forms they are called chemical sterilants or
biocides; however, these same chemicals used for shorter periods are disinfectants.
• Disinfectants are chemicals that kill microorganisms and are used on inanimate objects.
• Chemicals used on living tissue (skin) are called antiseptics.
• Chemical disinfectants can be classified into four groups based on their microbicidal
activity;
• Low-level disinfectants
• Intermediate-level disinfectants
• High-level disinfectants
• Chemical sterilant.

5. STERILIZATION
• Sterilization is a process which is used to kill or deactivate
all form of microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, spores,
unicellular eukaryotic organisms i.e. Plasmodium,
biological agents like prions and many more.
• This process can be achieved in various ways like
including heat, chemicals, irradiation, high pressure, and
filtration.

6. Methods of Sterilization
• Sterile Filtration
• Disinfection
• Heat Radiation
• Chemical Method
• Antisepsis
• Cleaning

7. Advantages of Sterilization
• Sterilization helps to reduce the number of microorganisms on the
device to such a level that the probability of transmission of infection
will be nil.
• Sterilization Prevents the Spread of Diseases.
• Sterilization is convenient.
• Sterilization Prevents Double Surgeries.